Multi-webato hurongwa - chinhu Russian multi-nebato hurongwa ...

Multi-party mugadziriro - zvakaipa kana zvakanaka? Political masayendisiti munyika dzakasiyana haagoni zvakajeka kupindura mubvunzo. Kudivi rimwe, zvinopa mukana wokuratidza imwe pfungwa kupfuura siyana sectors munzanga uye kumudzivirira nesimba. On rimwe - panenyongano muupenyu enyika chero nyika.

pati hurongwa

Under bato anonzwisisa rakarongeka, kupfuura vanoshingaira chikamu vanhu, iyo yakavakirwa zvavanoda, akagadzira purogiramu uye nokupa nekuita izvozvo achishandisa kuita simba kana wayo kwakasimba. Kuvapo siyana nemasangano enyika uye avo kudyidzana anosarudza bato ezvinhu ehurumende. Kune mhando nhatu kwakadaro gadziriro. Multi-webato hurongwa - ndiye wokutanga navo. It kunorondedzerwa nokuvapo anopfuura maviri masangano ezvematongerwo enyika kuti vane mikana chaiye kusvika simba. Party ezvinhu akaumba pasi pokutonga rimwe bato munyika uye hurumende kuti irambidze chiito nokupikiswa enyika mibatanidzwa. MuUK, United States, pane vaviri-party hurongwa. Kunyange munyika idzi pane Kurambidzwa pakagadzwa uye kushanda nemamwe masangano, asi chaizvo mukana kusvika simba, ivo shoma, izvo anosarudza kuchinja vakawanda muImba Vamiririri rimwe kana rimwe political ushande. Pane rudzi zvakavamba kuchinja: simba riri chinopfuudzwa kubva Liberals kusvika vaiomerera uye musana.

The chidzoke yavose muRussia

Nechekwokutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, ndicho pakagadzwa akawanda wemuTesitamende Russia. Izvi akanga dzinoratidzwa zvinoverengeka zvinokosha zvinhu. Chekutanga, pakutanga, kunyange zvisiri pamutemo, vakatanga kutora kuumba enyika kurongwa echimurenga, okunyanyisa vafundisi. Nokudaro, Social Democrats akabata guruundano wavo wokutanga muna 1898. Legal kunyoresa mapato chakaitika panguva yokutanga Russian Revolution, pashure yakakurumbira Manifesto yaOctober 17, 1905, iyo akatanga vehurumende uye zvematongerwo rusununguko vanhu yeRussian Empire. Chimwe chinhu ndechokuti aitungamirira basa intelligentsia mune zvakawanda vakaumba mibatanidzwa, vakawanda vakanga duku zvakakwana, nguva yose paiva chirongwa sangano uye pokufa nevamwe. Saka multi-webato gadziriro - ndiwo hunhu chechokwadi choupenyu enyika muRussia mukuvamba ramakumi remakore.

Kuruboshwe, kurudyi uye centre

Sezvatotaurwa, mukuvamba kwezana ramakore rechi20, maiva dzakawanda dhazeni mapato muRussia, kudzidza uri zvakaoma. Kuti tinzwisise zviri nani kuti aiva Russian multi-nebato hurongwa, masangano ose ezvematongerwo vanokamurwa muzvikwata zvitatu. Chokutanga kukuru, echimurenga sangano, hunonziwo kuruboshwe. The rworudyi kwemauto - kuchinja, reactionary mibatanidzwa vachipikiswa upi utsanzi uye kuchinja. Nokuti centrists chinzvimbo masangano sezvo enyika ane mwero zvirongwa shure akarurama, zvishoma nezvishoma kuchinja vanhu.

Revolutionary Party kweRussia

By pakutanga remakore rapfuura, Russian nzanga akanga enmeshed uwandu zvakakomba kuzvipokanidza dzinomuka chokuita kukura capitalism. dzinonzi "Musimboti nyaya" iri renyika historiography. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvekurima kana murimi mudiki mubvunzo, mushandi, mubvunzo simba uye nenyika. Zvisinei, zvose mauto enyika vanofanira kuratidza chikuru nzira matambudziko aya. Zvikuru kukuru mupfungwa iyi vaiva Bolsheviks - the RSDLP (b), achidanidzira kuti mugovanisi chimurenga, iyo nationalization nyika uye mabhizimisi, kuti abolition dzakavandika pfuma uye yezwi gutsaruzhinji sezvo vakadaro. Akafunga mutungamiri uye murongi aiva aizivikanwa Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin). The Mensheviks vaiva zvishoma kukuru - RSDLP (m), iro rinoona kuti nyaya haisi izmolola furawa iyo zvakafanira kubika chingwa gutsaruzhinji. mutungamiri wavo, Julius Martov waitsigira mumwe Bourgeois-democratic chimurenga uye zvishoma nezvishoma kugadzirisa huru nyaya. A nzvimbo inokosha inogarwa iri Socialist-kuipandukira ari kuruboshwe chinogumbura (SRs) uyo akaiswa pachavo sezvo kutsigira miduku yokuruwa, ivo vatsivi tsika populism. Ivo waitsigira socialization nyika, kureva kuchinjwa vemunharaunda ayo. Iye inotungamirwa Viktor Chernov SRs. Pamwe izvi, kwaiva nevamwe Russian echimurenga mapato dzakadai Popular Socialist, Socialist-kuipandukira, maximalists, Trudoviks uye zvakawanda National echimurenga mapoka (the bund, Revolutionary Ukrainian Party, uye vamwe).

kambora bato

Sezvo gadziriro yakadaro multi-bato muRussia kwakasimbiswa kumatare vanyorwa akarurama centrist kumapati. In Wokutanga Second State Dumas nhamba mukuru, asi kwete ruzhinji, akatora Cadets, makatumidzwa kuruboshwe centrists. Urutakure haasaruri kuzvibvisa pane asvika Estates muchifarira miduku yokuruwa uye kuitwa poumambo pedyo Paramende Constitution, zvimwe zvinhu. A vakaziva mutungamiri Cadets yaiva wenhoroondo Pavel Miliukov. The political huru simba iri nguva rwechitatu norwechina Dumas aiva Octobrist Party, ane vamiririri akabvuma zvikuru nokuda nhoroondo Russian Manifesto musi 17 October. Alexander Guchkov, musoro sangano, akadzivirira zvinodiwa guru bourgeoisie, iyo iri kutarisirwa kudzikamisa nyika uye zvakare zvoupfumi kukura. Octo atumidzwa kuchinja liberals.

kurudyi misa

Very kumusoro yakarongeka, asi zvishoma yakarongwa pakutanga rokupedzisira remakore kodzero zvekutepfenyura enyika. Monarchists, ivo Black Mazana, ari kuzvikudza - zvose pamusoro pavo. Russian Emperor Nicholas II aiva honorary nhengo kumapati akawanda, kunyange zvakasiyana nezita asi aiva zvakafanana chirongwa enyika. Chaizvoizvo aro aifanira kudzokera parinogumira autocracy, Orthodoxy uye kudzivirira kubatana Russia. Kwete vachiziva Wokutanga State Duma, kuchinja chikamu vanhu haina vakarongeka uye havana kubatanidzwa sarudzo. Asi zvakazoitika zvakaratidza kuti hatigoni chaizvoizvo ndatomboenda pamudyandigere kubva political pamutemo kuparapatika Paramende. Vamiririri "Union Mihaila Arhangela", "Union Vanhu Russian" uye dzimwe kufamba zvakazara kutsigira mutemo Nicholas II. Uye pamusoro vavengi vake vakashandisa nzira chisimba, zvakadai mhirizhonga.

Kubviswa pakati akawanda hurongwa

Mushure Bolsheviks vakauya simba 25 October 1917 akawanda hurongwa zvishoma nezvishoma collapses muRussia. Chokutanga kubva yezvematongetwo monarchist sangano, Octo, muna November akanzi kurambidzwa pasi Cadets. Kusvikira makore mashoma vakaramba echimurenga kumapati, kusanganisira huru vorongerwa pakati Bolsheviks vaiva SRs, uyo akatora ruzhinji zvigaro mu mukuru musarudzo kuna Constituent Assembly. Asi kutaura pamusoro Lenin nevatsigiri vake panguva Civil War uye pakarepo yangopedzwa zvakaita kuti tsitsi tinorwisana enyika Vanopikisa Bolsheviks. Mumakore 1921-1923 muna Soviet Russia, vakawanda dare zvekufamba pamusoro vatungamiri Mensheviks uye SRs, pashure izvo ndezvaJehovha mapato aya akanga sechinhu nokutuka uye kutukwa. Somugumisiro, multi-webato wemuTesitamende USSR akanga asipo. Kuti dzinobvumira pfungwa uye enyika pakudzorwa mumwe webato - the Communist Party.

Paumbwe akawanda wemuTesitamende Russia ano

Pokuwa enyika Soviet maitiro akanga munguva perestroika ashandiswe M. S. Gorbachevym. Rimwe danho rinokosha pakugadzirwa multi-webato wemuTesitamende Russia ano chaiva chisarudzo pamusoro abolition Chikamu 6 Soviet Constitution, vakagamuchirwa muna 1977. It enshrines chaiwo, achitungamirira basa pfungwa yoMushandirapamwe rehurumende, uye, uye makuru, zvaireva rimwe bato anotambura simba. Mushure kubvuta masimba, kuti kubvuta masimba muna August 1990, President Russian vakarambidza zvose Zvakaitwa CPSU mundima yayo. Panguva ino, idzva multi-bato hurongwa akatora chimiro muRussia. With vakabatanidzwa kuvapo vakawanda nemasangano enyika ayo okutanga havasi yakasiyana imwe maonero avo pane rimwe divi. Vatsvakurudzi zhinji dzakaona kumbonyanya yakatetepa evanhu mujinga vakawanda, saka kuvati "proto". Kwakapararira zvenyika iri chinoda, inozivikanwa se "Popular Front".

The political huru mauto

Mugore 90-ies pakati zhinji nemasangano enyika kuziva zvakawanda kiyi, iro rakatanga kuitisa nemumwe kurwa kuti zvigaro zviri Duma. In sarudzo muna 1995 nayo chinorondedzerwa vatungamiri mana vaigona kukunda chipingamupinyi mashanu muzana. Izvi mauto chete enyika munguva ano multi-bato wemuTesitamende Russia. Chekutanga, ndiye vaKomonisiti rinotungamirirwa mutungamiriri wechigarire, kakawanda aiita somunhu vemutungamiri kukwikwidza, - Gennadiem Zyuganovym. Chepiri - the Liberal Democratic Party, pamwe chete chenguva uye yakajeka musoro - Vladimir Zhirinovsky. Rehurumende chikwata kanoverengeka kuchinja zita okupedzisira emakore ( "Home chedu Russia", "United Russia"). Zvakanaka uye nzvimbo rechina kukudzwa, vakabata bato "Yabloko", inotungamirwa Grigoriem Yavlinskim. Zvisinei, kubva 2003, akanga asingakwanisi kukurira chipingamupinyi inochengeterwa musarudzo uye kubvira kuri chikamu mumiririri zvemitemo muviri. Vazhinji mapato muRussia ndowenyika centrist nhungamiro, vane zvakafanana zvinodiwa uye zvirongwa. Kurudyi vanozivikanwa chete netsika.

vamwe mhedziso

Most vanoongorora zvematongerwe enyika vanobvuma kuti multi-webato hurongwa - haasi yakanakisisa pfungwa enyika pakukura munyika. States ane mbiri-party mamiriro zvakawanda oneka ari kukura kwavo kazhinji kudzivisa kunyanyisa, kuchengetedza kutsivana. Multi-party hurongwa - pfungwa ine zvose zviri pamutemo uye rinoshanda pfungwa. Muchiitiko chokutanga, pane vazhinji mibatanidzwa pamutemo, asi chaizvo mukana kusvika simba, kunongova neimwe chete kana maviri. A chaiye akawanda maitiro anoratidza kuti hapana simba enyika havagoni kuwana yeparamende ruzhinji. Muchiitiko ichi vakarongeka mubatanidzwa pfupi uye zvechigarire.