Sea Black: Denizens yakadzika. Photo uye tsananguro

Ndiani asina kanenge kamwe muGungwa Dema pamhenderekedzo, kwete mitambo yomumvura kupinda segirazi munyoro wave, kwete kudziyirwa panguva hurungudo kumahombekombe pasi kupenya pakati muzhizha kana kuwa kwezuva, anofanira vakafirwa zvizhinji! Aidziya sezvo manyoro mukaka, mvura, Chokwadi, isu vagari kweGungwa Dema vakasangana kakawanda: nengozi uye kwete kwazvo. About uyo anogara chimwe chezvinhu kwakasanangurwa makungwa ose nyika, verenga nyaya yedu.

Kusiyana kwezvakatipoteredza

The Sea Black uye pamusoro murwiyo uye hunhu kugarwa uye zvinomera zvipenyu kunoshamisa uye zvikuru nevamwe. udzamu iyi kuva zvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana. Kusvika kudzika 150, dzimwe nguva 200 metres, yakachena ndiyo nzvimbo aripo apo vagari kurarama Sea Black. Chinhu pazasi 200 metres - rehydrogen sulphide vematunhu, isina upenyu uye bhuku mvura guru kupfuura 85%. Saka pekugara zvinogoneka chete pane okisijeni (asingasviki 15% mundima).

Anogara pano?

Vagari Sea Black - algae uye mhuka. First - mashomanana zana marudzi, wechipiri - anopfuura maviri nehafu zviuru. Izvi, 500 - kuroorwa-celled, 1900 - invertebrates, 185 - nehove, 4 mhando - mhuka.

phytoplankton

Sea Black ... Vagari payo - zvose zvemarudzi algae: tseratsium, peridinium, eksuviella uye nevamwe. Muchirimo mangwanani pane algae maberekero yepamusoro. Dzimwe nguva kunyange mvura rinoita kuchinja ruvara, achiva pamusoro tekoizi mutema uye shava. Izvi hwakabatana simba nokupesana plankton (maruva mvura). Ndichibvunza rutoto Rhizosolenia, hetotserosy, skletonema. Ruzhinji vakawanda kubereka vana phytoplankton iri ainyorwa pakutanga - pakati chirimo. Pakati pasi algae Phyllophora kuonekwa kuti vanopfuura 90% of zvachose uremu. Phyllophora akawedzera kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero. Cystoseira, dzimwe algae, zvikuru mune kumaodzanyemba pamhenderekedzo kuCrimea. Hamugari yakawanda hove duku, zvokudya uye kurarama pakati algae (anopfuura 30 mhando hove).

benthic mhuka

Pakati pemhuka kuti vararame pasi kana muvhu pauriri kwegungwa (benthos) - invertebrates siyana: magakanje uye crayfish, makonye, rhizomes, anemones uye clams. Pakazosvika benthos uye tiri gastropods Somuenzaniso, vose anozivikanwa rapana, uye vamwe vagari Sea Black. The Pamazita aigona kuenda: mussels, scallops, clams - elasmobranch. Hove: seflounder, mwaranzi, gungwa zibukanana, Ruff uye nevamwe. Idzowo chete mararamiro. Uye imwe chete zvokudya cheni.

muramba

Permanent vagari yeGungwa Black - the muramba, huru neduku. Rhizostoma - pakukura muramba, munhu chakajairika. Size ayo ainge akamonererwa dzimwe nguva inosvika hafu mita. Rhizostoma chepfu, zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara, akafanana rumborera. Vanovata zvishoma akatsvuka, nokutsva, dzimwe nguva - Maronda akasiyana. To ichi muramba hombe ine zvishoma ruvara rising haina stung, unofanira kutora rwake nenzira wakabata yokumusoro ruoko uye isingatsiki tentacles.

Aurelia - zviduku muramba Sea Black. Hazvina kudaro muchetura sehama yake, asi vachiri kusangana naye uye kuti kudziviswa.

clams

Marine vagere Black gungwa - mussels, oysters, scallops, brine. Vose mollusks izvi dzinodyiwa uye vari yakatsvuka zvinhu nokuda yomufaro ndiro. Somuenzaniso, oysters uye mussels vari akatunhidzwa zvakananga. Oysters vane akaoma musoro chaizvo uye zvinogona kuenda pasina mvura kwevhiki dzinenge mbiri. Vanogona kurarama makore 30. nyama yavo sechinhu delicacy.

Mussels uyewo zvishoma akanatswa. Dzimwe hombe goko parera kazhinji pinkish ruvara. Mussels - gungwa sefa dzemvura dzinotakurika. Muchiitiko chino, vanounganidza zvose kuti yave yakasvinwa zvakanaka. Naizvozvo, vanogona kuva savored chete nokungwarira kukurukurwa, uye nani kudzivisa kudya mussels, idzo akura ari pachiteshi kana mune dzimwe nzvimbo mvura zvikuru yakasvibiswa.

Marine vaigara Sea Black - the scallops. mhando iyi mollusk anogona kufamba mumvura vachishandisa reactive simba. Anokurumidza anovhara goko mavharuvhu uye kune imwe mvura ndege ari chinhambwe inopfuura mita. Uye vachiri scallops ane mazana maturo maziso. Asi izvi zvose, ivo clam - mapofu! Ndivo chakavanzika vagere gungwa.

MuGungwa Dema dzose Rapa. mollusc Ichi chikara uye pechaabata - zvakafanana mussels uye oysters. Asi ane zvinonaka chaizvo nyama chakatodzana Sturgeon, izvo isu tiwane shasha muto.

magakanje

Vose mumvura - gumi marudzi. Vose regai dzisvike hukuru makuru. The pakukura - krasnokory. Asi hapana anopfuura 20 masendimita ari dhayamita.

hove

The Sea Black musha anenge 180 marudzi ose marudzi ehove, kusanganisira Sturgeon, Sturgeon chena, bakayawu, herring, sprat, mackerel, Tuna, seflounder, sculpin. Kashoma swims swordfish. Pane gungwa bhiza, hove-tsono, gurnard, monkfish.

Of rokutengesa hove - mullet, iyo mhando nhatu, mullet, akauya kubva paGungwa Japan uye akava chipfuro marudzi. Nokuda nhamba akapakatira yakasviba mvura mullet kunoderedza chisero.

Pakati kudhindwa - stargazer hove kana gungwa mhou. Iye akachera zvakadzika mumatope, saka kuti pamusoro pemvura ane ndebvu kuti afanane nechitarisiko gonye yave pachena. Barbel hove unokwezva hove duku uye chikafu pamusoro pavo.

Marine tsono uye bhiza kuita kuti pave kwete nemvura asi ganda matanga pamusoro yomumapapiro varume, apo zviri kumusoro furaya goho. Sezvineiwo, meso hove idzi anogona kutarira kwakasiyana-siyana uye kuti tenderera tisingatungamirirwi mumwe.

Scad ari richiparadzirwa munyika yegungwa. Kureba - 10-15 masendimita. Weight - kusvika 75 magiramu. Kurarama dzimwe nguva kusvika makore matatu. Rinodya hove uye zooplankton kunyengedzazve.

Pingviini ndiyo hama mackerel pasión. Anosvika kureba kusvika 75 masendimita, anorarama makore 10. Izvi dzinodya dzimwe hove zviri kukonzera uye ukoti muGungwa Dema, chando inoenda Bosporus.

Gobies vane 10 marudzi. The Kudeuka - martovik kana buruuru. The vakawanda kupfuura - matanda.

Zelenushek mugungwa - 8 marudzi. Vakaguta nehonye uye molluscs. Panguva zviri kukonzera anoshongedza dendere pakati mabwe.

Seflounder, turbot inowanikwawo muGungwa Black kwose kwose. Rinodya hove uye magakanje. Zvasvikira huremu 12 makirogiramu. Akauya uye dzimwe flatfish.

Kuita mutserendende muchando stingray - shaki hama. Inodya magakanje, clams, shrimp. It ane tsono muswe serrated nepokuongorora muchetura shwanu. Her anobaya munhu kunorwadza chaizvo, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange zvinouraya.

Mutauriri, kana grouper, kazhinji unouya uye chirimo, kana kushanyira mvura iyi kuti zviri kukonzera. Rinodya zooplankton. Weight knot padikidiki rinosvika 100 magiramu. Aionekwa somumwe chikuru mhando Varedzi kugadzirwa.

Pakati - hove kupfuura hafu, sagittal, ane elongated muromo. Zviri kukonzera kunoitika May - August. Migrates uye dzechando mu Gungwa Marmara.

Bluefish zvinoreva hove dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya uye nemombe. It anoyera 10 makirogiramu, kureba kunosvika mita. Fish muviri laterally elongated. Mukanwa huru, pamwe makuru shaya. Inodya hove chete. Kare akafunga hove.

Sharks

Katran (kana dogfish) kashoma anokura mamita maviri. A katsi rehove (stsillium) - munhu mita. mhando idzi mbiri Sharks, zvichiita kuti Sea Black, murume haana angamirira ngozi. Asi vazhinji mhando hove utsinye nezvikara. Shark nyama (uye dzavo livers uye zvimbi) rinoshandiswa dzokubikisa siyana madhishi Sea Black ndiro. Kubva katrana chiropa kuita mushonga kuti inoperera ari kubereka nemasero kenza.

Qatran muviri ane streamlined chimiro, muromo kirisendi serin'i uye unopinza meno, akarongwa mumitsara dzakawanda. muviri wake pakazara diki asi unopinza minzwa (saka remadunhu- - spiny dogfish). Katran - hove viviparous. The hadzi anobereka panguva kusvika 15 furaya diki saizi. Akaramba uye zvokudya katran makwai. In chitubu uye kwematsutso - pedyo kumhenderekedzo iri chando - makadzika.

Vagari Sea Black - Dolphins (toothed hove huru)

In zvachose, izvi mhando nhatu zhinji. The pakukura - the bottlenose Dolphin. Zvishoma zvishoma - zvakafanana Dolphins. The duku - porpoises, kana chengarava porpoise.

Bottlenose Dolphin - vakawanda ugere dolphinariums. Nokuti sainzi ichi mhando kwakakosha. Kuti kudzidza bottlenose Dolphin masayendisiti munyika kuvapo pfungwa. Ivo - akaberekwa sekasi. Bottlenose Dolphins nomufaro kuita zvakasiyana siyana anonyengera. Pfungwa iri kuti zvechokwadi vane chikonzero. Hazvina kunyange kudzidzisa, uye vamwe pamwe nokunzwisisa kwevanhu uye Dolphin. Bottlenose Dolphins chete kunzwisisa rudo uye kukurudzirwa. Chirango haina akaona zvachose, ipapo chero nomurovedzi anenge asisipo kwavari.

Bottlenose Dolphin anorarama kusvika makore 30. Her uremu dzimwe nguva inosvika makirogiramu 300. Muviri kureba - kusvika mamita maviri nehafu. Dolphins aya zvakanaka dzakashandisa hwemvura kwezvakatipoteredza. The mberi zvimbi ave vakasunungura akaputsa panguva imwe chete. Caudal - simba hwindimiri, vachibvumira kutanga kwayo akurumidze (pamusoro 60 km / h).

Bottlenose Dolphins vane rikwanise kuona uye kunzwa. Vakaguta hove uye dzemugungwa (kudya kusvika 25 makirogiramu pazuva). Anogona kuchengeta mweya wake pamusoro maminitsi 10. Svetuka kuti kudzika 200 metres. The muviri tembiricha kuti - 36.6 inegumi, sezvo muvanhu. Fema Dolphins, nguva nenguva nokusimuka kunze mhepo. Chaizvoizvo vanotambura chete nezvirwere sevanhu. Rara afaliny tsoka pachiso, pasi pemvura, nguva nenguva kuvhura maziso.

Mufananidzo Dolphins upenyu - aifarira kuva nevamwe uye mhuri (zvizvarwa anosvika gumi pamwe chete). Musoro wemhuri - munhukadzi. Vanhurume panochengetwa yoga mhuri, achiratidza kufarira vakadzi kunyanya chete panguva kuberekesana.

Bottlenose Dolphins vane simba kwazvo. Asi yake kumunhu, ave mutemo, regai kushandisa. With vanhu Dolphins vaine zvikuru noushamwari hwakaita nehama mupfungwa. Nokuti vose kare ukama hwomurume uye Dolphin haana akacherechedza chero kuedza chakagumbura "mukoma guru". Asi vanhu kazhinji kutyora kodzero Dolphins kwokupfeka pavo zvakaitika nenzira isingaoneki achitovabatsira kunatsiridza mu dolphinariums.

On mutauro Dolphins akanyorwa zvikuru. Hatidi nharo, sezvo dzimwe nyanzvi kuti ndiye kuvapfumi munhu kutaura. Zvisinei, rine guru siyana mazwi uye nemasaini, izvo zvinoita zvose zvakafanana kutaura nezvenyaya Dolphin pfungwa. Uye uwandu mashoko kuti vanogona fambisa uye guru (kupfuura munhu) uropi - kune zvakaoma uchapupu.

Zvazvinosarira kuwedzera kuti mhuka dziri Sea Black zvisimbiso, asi munguva ichangopfuura kwave kune zvishomanana nemhaka anokuvadza basa nevanhu.

panyika

Kwete chete vagere gungwa uye chikafu kwevanhu rudzi zvomugungwa. Dzimwe shiri mhenyu panyika, vanowana zvokudya zvavo mvura. Vagere munyika, kubudisa zvokudya mugungwa - zviri gulls uye cormorants. Vakaguta hove. Hove, Somuenzaniso, zvakakwana anogona kushambira uye svetuka, vachidya yakawanda hove, kunyange kana zvizere. Features akabvumira huro yake kumedza chaizvo chaizvo nyama. Saka, shiri - chikuru vagere munyika, kubudisa zvokudya mugungwa Sea Black kwemhenderekedzo kuCaucasus uye Crimea.

Black Sea: vagari ngozi

Havasi pazororo zvose uye vashanyi vanouya pamhenderekedzo yeGungwa Dema, ziva kuti kugeza mumvura kunogona musungo uye ngozi. Vari zvakabatanidzwa kwete chete nyevero dutu uye misungo, asiwo vamwe vamiririri zvomumvura fauna of.

Chinyavada hove, urchin, kana rinoreva zvisingafadzi zvinoshamisa zvakadai. musoro wake wose rakazara neminzwa, uye pamusoro shure - nengozi spiny zenze. Nhongai skorpenu asina varumbidzwa, sezvo spines ayo muchetura uye kuunza chaizvo kusingafadzi, kunyange zvazvo kurwadziwa pfupi.

Kuita mutserendende muchando hvostokol (gungwa katsi) Uyewo chinomirira pamutanhiko, dzimwe nguva inouraya vanhu. Panguva muswe hwemhuka ndiyo mapfupa nechiredzo, wezvakakora muchetura nebhitumini. Spike ichi chinoita dzimwe nguva kuenzana lacerations, refu nguva yokupora. Uyewo kubva jekiseni ndokudzikunda angatanga kurutsa, tsandanyama muviri, unoraramisa kwemwoyo. Dzimwe nguva rufu unouya, saka ngwarira.

Mumwe, sokuti unremarkable nechitarisiko, hove - gungwa dragoni - ngozi vanhu kazhinji. Pakutanga, rinogona kutorwa sezvo zvavo nenzombe imwe. Asi shure hove iri spiny zenze iri muchetura chaizvo. Anobaya noenderana snakebite. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvingava kuurayisa.

Medusa Rhizostoma uye Aurelia, vanogara Sea Black - ngozi vagari dzevanhu. tentacles vavo vakapakata masero anopedza. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kutsva (sezvo kubva rukato uye zvakawanda), vachisiya kungoda maawa mashoma. Saka zviri nani kuti varege kubata muramba - kunyange vakafa, kukandirwa pane mavhu.

Kana Sharks, kana zvimwe mhando mhuka uye hove havasi ngozi vanhu vari muGungwa Dema. Saka kugeza zvakanaka, kusvika panguva yakakurumbira gungwa plesieroorde pamusoro Crimea uye Caucasus, pamusoro, Chokwadi, zvine!