Ipatiev Chronicle - inoyevedza chivako chemabhuku ekare echiRussia

Nyaya yehupenyu hwemakore ekare yeRus Rus inotorwa kubva kumabhuku. Iyi mhando ye mabhuku ekare eRussia ave uye ichiripo iyo inonyanya kukosha kwezvinyorwa zvenhoroondo yesayenzi yemazuva ano, pamwe chete nekutsvakurudza kwezvinochera matongo. Izvo zvinofadza kune vanotsvakurudza ndeye Ipatiev Chronicle. Sei? Tichazviverenga pamwe chete.

Chronicle

Iro iro zita rokuti "chinyorwa" rinotaura pacharo-kunyora kwezviitiko nemakore, makore. Vanyori vaiwanzova vatongi vemamatare, avo vakatsanangura muchidimbu chinangwa chezviitiko zvikuru zvakange zvaitika. Mumazuva ekuparadzana kwevanhu, imba imwe neimwe yeimba yamambo yakanyora mubhedha wayo, iyo yakapawo kumwe kududzirwa kwezvakanga zvichiitika, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nehutongi hwekutonga. Vokutanga vanyori muRussia vakaonekwa muzana remakore rechigumi nerimwe. Basa rekare kudarika rakapona mumutauro uyu nderokuti "Chronicle of Bygone Years," rakanyorwa munenge muna 1113 nemuoni weKie-Pechersk Lavra, Nestor.

Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vakawana zviitiko zvakawanda zvakafanana zvezviitiko. Dzakakurumbira uye yekare ndeyeRaurentian Chronicle uye Ipatiev Chronicle. Chifukidzo ibasa raisanganisira kuverenga kwezvakaitika kare, izvo zvakatsigirwa nezviitiko zvezvino. Nokudaro, "Chronicle ye Bygone Makore" inowanikwa mune dzakawanda zvemashure ekupedzisira kwenguva sekutanga kwenyaya.

Kuwanikwa kwaKaramzin

Muzana remakore rechi19, munyori wenhoroondo weRussia N. Karamzin akawana chinyorwa mumabhuku ezvinyorwa zvePatiev Monastery pedyo neKostroma. Yakanga yakanyorwa kusvika muzana remakore rechi14. Zita rayo - Ipatiev Chronicle - rakagamuchirwa panzvimbo yekuona. Pamwe chete neLavrentievsky vault, uyu ndeimwe yekare kudarika. Chinokosha ndeyekuti, kunze kwekuwanzo kuiswa kwezvinyorwa zveNestor, ane nhoroondo yakajeka yezvakaitika zvenhoroondo yeKiev nyanzvi yekutonga kwaRurik Rostislavovich, uyewo yeGalicia-Volyn nyika kusvikira pakupera kwezana remakore rechi13. Ichi chinhu chakasiyana-siyana chekudzidza nhoroondo yekare yeRussia kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kwenyika mushure mekutanga kwekuparadzana kwetsika uye nekugadzwa kweTatar-Mongolian kutonga.

Nzira yekuverenga sei zvinyorwa?

Kunyatsoziva nemabhuku ekare kunokwanisika kune vaverengi vakasiyana-siyana. Kutanga, makore anopfuura 150 apfuura, Complete Collection yeRussia Makoronike yakabudiswa. Chechipiri, panguva iyo vazhinji vavo varipo paInternet. Ichokwadi, iyo inoshandiswa maererano nemutauro weRussia wemazuva ano. Ipatiev Chronicle, iyo shanduro yayo yakawanikwa zvakare mumutauro wechiKraine, inowanikwawo kune ani zvake anoda. Zvimwe zvikamu zvaro zviripo muchiChirungu. Asi kana kuchine chido chekuverenga zvinyorwa mumutauro wepakutanga, saka unofanira kudzidza, zvichida, Old Slavonic. Zvinhu zvinongororwa uye zvakarongwa mumutambo.

Zviri mukati pePatiev arch

Inowanzogamuchirwa kuti iparadzanise zvikamu zvitatu zvechivharo mubvunzo. Nhoroondo yekutanga yePatievsky rondedzero ndeyevamwe kune vamwe vose - ndiyo "Tale ye Bygone Makore". Kunyange zvazvo kune zvimwe zvakasiyana mazviri, kucheneswa kwemashoko, izvo zvisati zviri mune mamwe maberere. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti nzvimbo yekusika yakanga iri nyika yekumaodzanyemba kweRussia, apo munyori wekutsvaga aigona kuwana zvinyorwa uye magwaro ezvinyorwa uye anokwanisa kujekesa ruzivo rwakakodzera.

Chikamu chechipiri chinonzi Kievskaya. Zvakawanda zvinowanikwa kune iyo mukutonga kwaMambo Ruriuk kubva kumba kweRostislav. Zvichida, hegumen yeMiasitori yeMivdubitsky ndiye munyori wechikamu che "Ipatiev Chronicle".

KuUkraine, kunyanya chaizvo, Galicia-Volyn Rus, muzana remakore rechigumi nematatu inomiririrwa muchetatu chechikamu. Iyi chikamu chakasiyana nechekare. Muzvinyorwa, hazvina kumbova nemararamiro emitambo, iyo, sezviri pachena, yakaratidzwa kana ichishanda zvakare. Ngatitangei tichigara mune zvakawanda pamusoro pezvikamu zviviri zvekupedzisira.

The Kiev chronicle

Sezvo zvingaita sezvinonyanya kufungidzira, asi Kiev Chronicle zvakare isangano rezvinyorwa zvevatongi vanoverengeka vakatonga muKiev. Yezana remakore rechigumi rakange rakaoma zvikuru kune nyika ino. Kuenderera mberi kwaive nekurwa kwechigaro cheushe pakati peMonomakh neOlgovichi. Izvi zvaionekwa kwete kwete chete muguta guru, asiwo kune dzimwe nyika. Zvizvarwa zveMonomakh zvakasimuka zvichienda kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva, zvichikunda simba risingagumi ipapo, uye Olgovichi akagara kumaodzanyemba, pasi pekutyisidzirwa kwePolovtsian kuparadza.

Muna 1185 Igor Svyatoslavovich ari kuchema mhirizhonga munharaunda, yakatsanangurwa mu "Lay of Igor's Host", yakaitika. Mafungiro ayo kune zvakasiyana zvachose muLaurentian uye Ipatiev Makoronike. Iyo yekupedzisira inoratidza humwe tsitsi uye kugutsikana kwekuedza kwaIgor kusakundikana kwekubvisa nyika yeRussia yevavengi. Muchivako chekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva Nyika Igor inorambidzwa nekuda kwekuzvikudza, nokuti yakanga isina kutarisira rubatsiro kubva kuhama. Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanodavira kuti kutanga kweKiichi Chronicle kwakaiswa muChernigov nePereyaslavl pasi pePrince Rostislav. Ichobva ipapo icho chinyorwa kubva paupenyu hwehukuru hwehurumende.

NezveGalicia-Volyn Rus

Galich naVolyn, semiganhu yekumadokero yeKivanvan Rus, vaiva nezvinhu zvinokosha pakuvandudza. Panyaya dzemakwikwi ezvematongerwe enyika, hukama hwepasi pose kubva muna 1205 kusvika muna 1292, tinoverenga muPatiev Chronicle. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti vanyori vekupedzisira ndivo vaiva vanhu vakadzidza munguva yavo, sezvo vakashandisa chiGiriki nekare kare maRussian sources. Tsanangudzo yavakatora kubva kumishumo emamishinari, mabhuku makuru, mauto emasoja. Tinotenda nekuda kwenhamba iyi tine tsanangudzo yakajeka yehondo kuKalka nemigumisiro yekuuya kweBatyev kuSouth-West Russia. Tinotarisira, zvino zviri pachena kuti rinotsanangura Ipatiev Chronicle uye nei ichifadza kune vose vemaguta uye kune vanyori vezvakaitika kare.