Revolutionary Rudzutak Jan Ernestovich: biography, mararamiro eupenyu uye chokwadi chinonakidza

Rudzutak Jan Ernestovich akazoberekwa musi waAugust 15, 1887 mune imwe purazi reLatvia muZeuni. Vabereki vake vaiva vanhuwo zvavo. Dzidzo yemukomana iyi yaiva yakakwana kumakira maviri muchechi yechiparidzi. Pazera remakore gumi nemasere, Jan akabatana neboka re RSDLP, uye gare gare, achiramba pfungwa dzeMensheviks, akabatana neBolshevik.

The Young Revolutionary

Nenyika Rudzutak aiva chiLatvia, naizvozvo basa rake repatima rainyanya kubatana nenyika yake yekuzvarwa. Akatora pasi pevhu Pumpur uye akatungamirira Komiti yeVindava yemunharaunda yeRDDP. Sangano rakakurumidza kuwana simba ndokukura. Rudzutak Jan Ernestovich ndiye aifanira kutakura kuenda kuLatvia yemabhuku asingabvumirwi mabhuku, mabhurocha, zvombo, mapepa ezinyunyuta akauyiswa pamakungwa kubva kune dzimwe nyika pasi pekutsvaga kwekutengesa zvinhu.

Izvi zvakaitwa mushure mokunge kuchinja kwekutanga kwe 1905-1906 kwafa. Vazhinji vanoita zvematongerwo enyika vakasungwa nenguva iyo, uye mapurisa akaenderera mberi kutsvaga mamwe maBolshevik anozivikanwa nehupenyu hwavo hukuru maererano nevakuru vakuru. Nekubatsirwa kwekutora madzimai evanhu vakanga vadyara vashanduri, mapurisa akavanzika akakwanisa kutanga kutora nzira, ndokubva apinda muWindavsky Committee. Muna 1909, Rudzutak Jan Ernestovich akasungwa ndokutongerwa makore 15 mubasa rakaoma.

1917th

VaBolshevik, kufanana nevakawanda vehama dzake mumatambudziko, vakasunungurwa mberi kwenguva nekuda kweFebruary Revolution uye mutsauko wakatevera. Akabatwa musango, Rudzutak Jan Ernestovich akabva atanga kupinda mubasa rake rekare raizivikanwa. Akazova murayiridzi kuMoscow Regional Bureau yeSoviet. Basa rinokosha kupfuura rimwe rehutungamiri nderokusimbisa vatinonidzana nevashandi vekambani muCentral Industrial Area. Muchirevo ichi purogiramu mukati meBolshevik yakaita kunyanya kushungurudzika.

Nokukurumidza zvikuru, Jan Ernestovich Rudzutak akasarudzwa munyori webato rehurumende yevashandi vesangano reMoscow. Akaronga chikwata chikuru che1917, chakatanga musi waOctober 21. Muchiitiko ichi chokupikisana nemamiriro ekushanda zvakaoma, vashandi 300 000 vakatora chikamu. Chirongwa chakabatanidzwa chakaita kuti kuvharwa kweShuya, Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Kostroma, Kineshma, naKovrov. Mazuva mashomanana mushure mekunge vatsigiri vezviitiko izvi zvaLenin vakaita sangano muPetrograd. Pakuchinja kwesimba muRudzutak mukuru, uyo aiva muMoscow, akawana pafoni. Nenguva isipi vaBolshevik vakagadza kutonga pamusoro peSona Ona.

Shanda mu Supreme Economic Council

Muna May 1918, Yang Ernestovich Rudzutak akava nhengo yePremidium ye Supreme Economic Council (Supreme Council of National Economy). Panguva imwecheteyo, akatanga kutungamirira dhipatimendi rekugadzirwa kwemastile. Nhengo yekambani yakatarisana nebasa rakakomba - kudzorera basa revanorega mabhizinesi. Mukuwedzera, vaifanira kuiswa munyika. Mirairo mutsva haina kukodzera munhu wose, ndicho chikonzero basa mu Supreme Economic Council rakabikwa pasina kumira. Dambudziko rakanga risati riri kungoshaya mabasa. Pasina jira idzva, zvakanga zvisingabviri kupfeka Red Army yakangogadzirwa.

Apo hurumende yakatamira kuMoscow, misangano ye Supreme Economic Council dzimwe nguva yakatanga kuitika muKremlin. Pane mumwe wavo Rudzutak Jan Ernestovich (a revolutionary, asina kufanana nepamusoro wepati, asina kumbogara mune imwe nyika) akasangana naVladimir Lenin. VaBolsheviki vaviri vakakurumidza kuwana mutauro wakafanana. Kwapera nguva yakati, Lenin akatsigira chirongwa cheRudzutak, uyo akapikira kubhadhara mari nokukurumidza zvigadziri zvaive mumaoko emazoro uye makuru makuru. MuVSNH ipapo, semamwe masangano ehurumende, nekuda kweHondo yeVanhu, zvisarudzo zvakaitwa nesimba.

MuCentral Asia

Muna 1922, mushure mokukundwa kweVa Whites uye nekugadzwa kwesimba reSoviet munharaunda yakawanda yenyika yekare yeRussia, Jan Rudzutak akatumirwa kuCentral Asia Bureau yeCentral Committee yeCPSU (B.), kwaakazova munyori. Munharaunda iyi, manzwiro eve nyika aive akasimba. Basmachi haasati yambova mungozi kune hurumende itsva, asi nguva nenguva yairwisa mauto eArmed Army. Zvokurima zvaive zvakaderera. Nheyo yeCentral Asia yakange iri pamba, asi nekuda kwehondo uye kukanganisa kwakakonzerwa nayo, yakanga isiri yakadyarwa.

Yann Ernestovich Rudzutak akatora mhinduro yezvinetso izvi zvose. Bhuku rezvekushandura iyi rakafanana zvikuru nehupenyu hwevamwe vaBolshevik vekutanga. Zvichienderana nemirayiridzo yepati, aigara achichinja maitiro uye kunyanya mabasa. Paaiva muCentral Asia, nguva nenguva aishanyira Moscow mumamiriro ekushanda. Saka, muna 1923 akabatanidzwa mubasa reTwelfth Party Congress. MuBhurara, akakwanisa kudzorera ruzivo rwegorosi nekudzosa upenyu kumigwagwa ine rugare. Nokuda kweizvi, akatanga kutsigira basa rekushandira, izvo zvakaita kuti varombo vatore chikwereti uye vavake minda yavo.

People's commissar of communications

Muna 1924, Rudzutak Jan Ernestovich (1887-1938) akagamuchira musarudzo itsva. Akazova Community Commissar of Communications. Mushure meHondo yeVanhu, nyika yakaramba isina chekugadzirisa, yakasakara uye yakaparadza motokari uye zvitima zvakanga zvisingagoni kumira zvakakwana mutoro uye kazhinji zvakakundikana. Chikamu chechitatu chemabhiriji eSoviet chakaparadzwa. Imwe hafu inoda kuchinjwa, nokuti izvi zvekukurukurirana zvakavakwa muzana remakore reXIX uye zvatove zvisingachagoni kupera.

Zvakanga zvakakoshawo kutora nzvimbo 15 dzemakiromita emigwagwa yezvitima. Chisarudzo chezvinetso izvi zvose chakatorwa naRudzutak Jan Ernestovich. Mabasa evanhu veCommissar akawana kukosha kukuru kwehupenyu hwenyika yose. Pasi peutungamiri hwake, hutachiona hwehutachiona hwakagadzirwa. Sezvimwe mune bhizinesi rezvematongerwo enyika, kwaiva nehuwandu hwehutongi uye tape tsvuku mune izvi, izvo zvatakafanira kuisa, ndokurwisana.

Kudzorerwa kweSoviet communications

Gore mushure mokunge vatora basa, Jan Rudzutak akakwanisa kuedza imba yekutanga yemujeri yakavakwa muLeningrad. Iyi nzira itsva yekutakura yakanga iri mari yakawanda kudarika yakashandiswa kare. Muna 1926, kutakurwa kwefodya kwekutanga kwakapfuura zviratidzo zvepamberi.

Mukuwedzera, pasi pesimba rePublic's Commission of Railways kwaivawo nerwizi nemakungwa egungwa nemigwagwa. Makungwa akawanda akaparadzwa, uye zvikepe zvakanyura. Nokuda kwekushaya mari, Rudzutak akatsigira zvakasimba kuvaka kwezvikepe zviduku, izvo zvaive zvakanyanya mari uye zvinosvikeka kupfuura zvinotakura zvikepe. Muna 1927 commissar yevanhu yekutaurirana yakaratidza kuti kuvaka kweGiraga-Don kunotanga. Asi izvi hazvisi zvose. Uyewo, munzvimbo yeRostov, yakanga yakarongedzwa kuwedzera Don, kuitira kuti midziyo yegungwa iwane nzvimbo yekugadzira zviyo (zviyo zvakaramba zviri chikamu chinokosha chekutengesa).

Pamusoro wekutonga kwepati

Basa rinobereka, izvo zvakaita kuti Rudzutak sevanhu veCommissar, aisakwanisa kuita asi kuti awedzere kusimuka pabasa rake. Muna 1931, Bolshevik akava sachigaro weCentral Commission. Mutumbi uyu wakanga uri wekutonga chikamu. Pamusoro wekutonga kusvikira Jan Rudzutak akamira Valerian Kuibyshev naGrigory Ordzhonikidze.

Ihofisi, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, yaisanganisira hofisi yekunyunyuta, apo zvikwangwani zvakagamuchirwa kubva kuvashandi vebhizimisi. Kushanda kwemitumbi iyi kwakapiwa nevatsvakurudzi vevanhu. Vakatevera kutevedzwa kwemitemo yeLeninist uye vaifanira kupedza hurumende pasi.

Mugadziri ane tarenda

Basa reCentral Control Commission rakava kunyanya kukosha mukati mekutanga kwemakore mashanu ezvirongwa. Semuenzaniso, muna 1933 matambudziko akatanga kubuda pamwe nekugoverwa kweiore kune miti yakawanda yemetallurgical munyika. Kubudirira muZuzbass uye Krivoy Rog zvakaderera. Yaiva Central Central Commission yakakwanisa kuwana nekuunganidza hupfumi hwehupfumi uye kuderedza migumisiro yakaipa yedambudziko racho.

Rudzutak, uyo aitarisira izvi zvose, aifanira kushanda zvakakwana pamano ake. Shamwari dzakaona kuti pamba aiva neraibhurari huru, iyo yaakashandisa nguva yake yakawanda yekusununguka. Vazhinji vese sachigaro weCentral Commission vaifarira mune zvemari, zvehupfumi uye zvebasa.

Kusungwa uye kuurayiwa

Zvakazoitika kuna Jan Rudzutak zvakanga zvakafanana nekuguma kwevazhinji vehama dzake pakati peBolshevik vokutanga vakabatana nepamberi pekuvandudzwa uye vakatora hurumende dzakakosha uye mapato muU.SR. Muna 1937 akasungwa. Mutongo wacho waisanganisira upipi hunobatsira kuGermany uye kushandiswa kwemaitiro eTrotskyite. Voronok akauya Rudzutak paakanga ari pa dacha yake. Jan Ernestovich akanyarara ndokupinda mumotokari, mushure mokunge pasina mumwe akamuona.

Vanhu vekare veCommissar vakapfurwa musi waJuly 29, 1938. Akava mumwe wevanhu vazhinji vakaurayiwa naStalinist. Vakawanda vepamusoro vakuru vakuru vakagumisa nenzira imwecheteyo naRudzutak Jan Ernestovich. Mhuri yemufi yakazogadziriswa muna 1956 mushure memakore makumi maviri emutambo.