Global dandemutande budiriro kana ndiani akazogadzira Internet?

Munguva 50s nyika yaiva kuchiva guru pamusoro zvichibvira hondo pamwe USSR. America aiita invulnerable nokuda kwayo nzvimbo, zvava chakakomba Funga pamusoro yokungotaura mukana kurwa. Chimwe chikuru zvinoumba zvinodiwa kuti zvechiuto uye kuti masayendisiti kwaiva kusika nomumbure nokuda kupanana ruzivo pakati vezvikwata uye zviyero zvechiuto, mune mazwi zvachose kubhombiwa.

Mugumisiro zvinetso izvi kwave adzidziswa iri contractual hwaro ne US Department of Defense mana masangano kutungamirira mumunda uyu. Kupindura mubvunzo - "Ndiani akazogadzira Internet" - vanofanira kujekesa zvairehwa. Kana isu kutaura baba Internet sezvo yose padandemutande, rinogona kunzi vakatanga pakati mumayunivhesiti matatu (California, Utah, California) uye Research Center iri Stenforte. Zvakanga ivo akasika vokutanga "miniGlobalnuyu samambure" - ARPANET, muna 1957. Chinangwa chikuru yakanga panguva - kushandiswa nemambure okutsvakurudza nemasangano aya.

Achipindira shure zvishoma kubva pomumbure, zvinokosha kuona uye ndiani akatanga kombiyuta yekutanga? Pashure pezvose, nemambure panguva iyoyo aiva kunovhengana weheavy-basa netambo, kombiyuta dzemapurisa (aiva kukura makuru). Muna 1946, ENIAC kambani pave nenyika yokutanga zvemagetsi kombiyuta nzira. Chokwadi, PC yako nhasi iri yakasiyana chaizvo EMU, asi kwava pedyo. Muna April 1964, IBM akaita zvabudisa PC kuti Serial (vachiri chinoshamisa saizi) - System 60. Zvisinei, haasi munhu wose anoziva kuti kubva pamutemo nemaonero, wokutanga bvumidzwa kuti "pasi nokudenga" kumumvuri pamusoro kombiyuta yakagamuchirwa muvambi of "intellektora" kubva Omsk Gorokhov .

Zvino mufananidzo zvikuru yakajeka uye kupindura mubvunzo - "Ndiani akazogadzira Internet" rinogona kuva nemamwe maonero. September 1969 - University of California (Los Angeles) pane yokutanga munhoroondo yacho Server. The muchina yave akareurura ne Honeywell uye aiva rokuti DP-516. Zvino vanozvishandisa "vepamusoro" achakwanisa kuumba uye kuchengetedza centralized Database. Zvechokwadi, edza kufungidzira zviri kuitika munyika yose Web chokuzvisarudzira servers - zvichaita chete tumira nemakasitoma, pachavo zvinhu uye hova nzvimbo.

Muna October wegore iroro iri raida California Univ kuedza wokushandura paInternet chakaitwa. Pundits kufanana pane imwe kombiyuta yunivhesiti kudhinda shoko "LOGIN". Uye kunyange kana vakazviita haisi kokutanga, achiri vakaita. Kana isu kutaura umo akazogadzira Internet paInternet, ndiwo musi. Modern mabasa uye basa zvaizova zvakaoma kufungidzira kwete paInternet. User vakapamba, anofanira pano uye ikozvino. Ipapo mukuru pfungwa dzenyika haangambozvipembedzi chakaitika.

Asi chii wakafanana Internet panguva iyoyo? Zvino haisi mubvunzo akakodzera, True "Ndiani akazogadzira paIndaneti?" - "chii mariri?". Uye zvakanga chaizvoizvo hapana zvakawanda. Mazuvano, zvakadai nomumbure haisi kufarira vanhuwo user. Asi vanhu makaona maonero uye kunzwisisa kuti zvinhu zvose zviri ichangotanga. Chete muna 1971 kwakanga zvikabva yazvino purogiramu kutumira e-mail. Vanhu pakarepo chaizvo uye vakatanga kuti zvematongerwo Network ichi.

The ARPANET akabuda muna 1973 munyika yakati. Gore rino, kubatana rokutanga makombiyuta ari UK uye Norway. Izvi ruvepo kushandisa mhiri-Atlantic waya kuti norunhare. Internet kushandurwa. Akatanga kukudziridza mae-mail nemakasitoma (kusika no mazita), pane Bulletin mapuranga uye prototypes nhau vanyora. Entrepreneurs pakarepo akaziva kuti iri yangu nendarama, uye akatanga kwete chete kuva kuziva kutanga itsva, asi kuti mari mairi.

Asi ARPANET haana kwenguva refu zororo iri laurels ake. Muna 1984, vanhu vakatanga kushandisa dzimwe - NSFNet. kamwe-chinoumbwa ichi chivako yema network akatanga vawane mukurumbira. creators Its - the US NSF, vakafunga kuti kusuwa mukana uye sezvo vakwikwidzi dzavo vanowana Kuzivikanwa dzakawanda arinde. Muna 1988, pane zvakafanana dzevakurukuri ano. Vanhu vari vachifanotaura zviitiko zvomunguva yemberi, ane zita riri "Internet". Asi kuti vadzokere makwikwi. Internet uye The World Wide Web - zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana. Asi ikozvino haazi pamusoro paizvozvo. Vanhu yakanga yakakodzera, shoko rokuti "Internet", saka musoro kukakavara.

Nemambure zvino achibvunza mubvunzo "Ndiani akazogadzira paIndaneti?", Unogona kuwana zita Tim Berners-Lee. Uku hakusi kukanganisa, izvi zvakare hama pfungwa maonero. Muna 1989, ichi chinoshamisa ESYAI programmer akasuma pfungwa "vanhuwo nzvimbo". Makore mashomanana gare gare angadai pasi HTTP nyika, kwakavakirwa chichakurukurwa akasika HTML. Ndicho zvatinosiita kupatsanura uye hwokutiparadza URL. Zvichida kuonekwa generalized mureza, izvo anobvumira haana kuchinja, uye layering (Exchange) siyana rezvebonde protocols, uye chaizvoizvo zvinofanira kufungwa zuva rokuberekwa ari "kwagara Internet".

Mugore 90 gore fung of ARPANET vakarega zvachose kuti basa, achipa laurels NSFNet. Chii chakaita kuti ichi - rakaoma kunzwisisa. Asi nhoroondo inoratidzawo dzinonakidza nguva. Onawo kudanwa yokutanga pamusoro pemambure gore rino. Muna 1991, pane Browser nyika yokutanga "waMosesi" kubva kambani NCSA. Zvino Internet inotengeka kwete chete, asiwo zvinonzwisisika kuti munhu wose. Nhoroondo Browser iwe zvimwe kuziva; chero zvazvingava - ndiko yoga nyaya. The chikuru ndechokuti kukurumbira zvokuti aifanira dzaiitirwa kombiyuta yako World Wide Web haana kunyange vakaenda kutaura.

Tichidzokera zvakavanzika makambani vavo zvigadzirwa, zvinokosha kuziva kuti NSFNet akapinda academia uye akapiwa zvachose mumaoko munhu richikurukura emunharaunda rubatsiro. The Internet rava zvakakodzera pazita, uye mamiriro ayo vakaisa pasi mudunhu.

Zvino, Internet - ari mashoko gadziriro, izvo zvinogona kushanda kurarama hwavo.