Warrior ngarawa "Rurik" (1892). Zvikepe Russian Imperial Navy

Russian ngarawa "Rurik" akava anozivikanwa munyika ndatenda nyika kwehondo dzisakarurama muna Korean Gulf munguva yehondo yeRussia-Japanese. Zvakapoteredzwa vaunoshanda vakasarudza kunyura chikepe, zvokuti haana achiwana anokumhan'arira. Pamberi kukundwa vari Korean Bay ngarawa vakakwanisa mwedzi yokubudisa hondo Japanese rengarava, achiuya vachirwisa kubva Vladivostok.

kuvaka

The akakurumbira warrior ngarawa "Rurik" waiva brainchild ari reBaltic chirimwa. Ngarava iyi akasikwa pakupisa reuto rudzi pamwe British romugungwa. Ngarava aifanira kuva akakodzera analogue kuti Chirungu kutsanya sevatsvaki vemapuranga "Blake." Muna 1888, kuBaltic chirimwa mainjiniya kunge aronga ubate chirongwa kuna Admiral Chikhacheva uye Naval Technical Committee (ITC).

Draft racho pakanatsiridzwa. Mune remangwana MTK ngarawa "Rurik" kubvisa zvimwe zvakagadzirwa zvikanganiso uye michina michina. The vanodhirowa vave aifarirwa Kesari Alexander III. Construction akatanga musi May 19, 1890. Pashure pemakore maviri basa reBaltic Shipyard akagadzira ngarawa "Rurik". It kwakatangwa muna 1892, uye muna 1895, ngarava akaiswa kushanda.

Zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti chikepe uchava wokutanga akatevedzana zvakafanana sevatsvaki vemapuranga. Akavaka pashure "Stormbreaker" uye "Russia" havana mapatya, uye kugadziriswa (pamwe yakawedzerwa misha). Sezvineiwo, "Rurik" ngarawa kuitirwa vanokwanisa interceptor British nezvikepe zvavatengesi. Akanga vakafunga kuti saka kushandiswa mune chiitiko vehondo vaakanga Great Britain. Uyezve, mashoko nezve paiva newokuti kuumba motokari kuti anogona kufamba kubva paGungwa reBaltic kuna East Far vasina wedzera pamwe marasha. Kuti aende nzira iyi, vashandi vemo vakanga vakakomba kumaodzanyemba mumakungwa uye zvinenge zvose Eurasia nechikepe.

Muna Pacific Fleet

Pakarepo mushure ngarawa "Rurik" payakavakwa, Navy akasarudza timukandire nePacific Ocean. redeployment ichi kwave chokuita panova kuti kusungika kuFar East. Nzvimbo vanyorwa chikepe idzva rakanga chengarava Vladivostok. Vakanzwisisa kunetsana pamwe United Kingdom haana kuitika.

Asi, muna February 1904 hondo yeRussia-Japanese. Panguva ino, "Rurik", senguva dzose, aiva Vladivostok. Uchiteverwa kuti enda kugungwa uye kurova pa yeChina neJapan zvokutengeserana uye mvura zvifambiso. Kuenda Zvikepe gungwa rwakachinjanisa unokukwazisa guta. Ivo akaperekedza vazhinji zvavo. The chikuru basa pamusoro dzechikwata, izvo kuwedzera "Rurik" yaisanganisira "Bogatyr", "Russia" uye "Stormbreaker", aiva kutikanganisa nemauto eJapan. Kana rengarava muvengi yakakamurwa, ipapo adzivirire nhare Port Arthur aizova nyore.

"Rurik", achiita kweGungwa Japan, kwaiva kuparadza ngarava vakatakura mauto uye uto zvinhu, ngarava kumahombekombe uye riri pamahombekombe zvivako muvengi. Sezvo ngarawa yakanga yekudyidzana yechinyakare chiito kwidza aigona chete kuva boka rose pane mumwe nomumwe. Vladivostok dzechikwata akadzoka chete kupaka, zvakakodzera kuti muzadze romugove yapera.

Wokutanga Mushandirapamwe

Wokutanga rwendo ngarawa yakarova Tsugaru Strait. Zvakanga aronga kuti rinotevera chipfuro richava guta Wonsan (Wonsan ano). Zvisinei, nenzira ngarava rakabatwa dutu. Sezvo yakanga chando pakarenda, mvura kuti anopinda pfuti, nokukurumidza izvozvo vakatendeuka chando. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, kuti dzechikwata vakava kukodzera chiito. Weather uye mamiriro okunze akanga chaizvoizvo kwete yakanakisisa. Kuti kusiya Vladivostok sevatsvaki vemapuranga vaifanira kumirira aizi kuchaita kuzarura nzira yavo kuburikidza akachengetwa bay.

Ndizvo zvakaita kuzvuzvungudza akaita hurumende yeRussia kutora Chinese nhare Port Arthur. chiteshi chacho haisi kuoma nechando. Zvaraiva kukosha uye zvakakunakira Port Arthur aida kuwana Japanese. The guta uye zvikepe kuti vaivamo zvakavharwa. Dzechikwata "Rurik" aifanira yokubudisa masimba muvengi kuitira kuderedza mamiriro ezvinhu chengarava kusvikira vavabatsire vaiva nezvikepe kuBaltic Fleet. Nokuda icing at pfuti kukupfura akadzokera kwenguva pfupi Vladivostok.

kuchengetedzwa Vladivostok

pakugadzira "Rurik" The chiteshi muuki. Ngarawa (rudzi yaiva warrior) kukasawedzerwa zvokudya, uye iye zvakare yakarova mugwagwa. Chechipiri Mushandirapamwe. hapana ngarava Japanese pagungwa. Asi kunyange rwendo urwu yeRussian dzechikwata vakamanikidza muvengi kukanda chikamu mauto avo kuti kutyisidzira Russian.

Muna March, ari dzechikwata muvengi, akasiya Yellow Sea kurutivi chitsuwa Askold muna Peter Mukuru Bay pedyo Vladivostok. Munguva chikwata vaiva ichangoburwa Japanese shongwe ngarawa "Azuma", "Izumo", "Yakumo" uye "Iwate". Vakanga vaine zvishoma chiedza zvikepe. The dzechikwata akazarura moto pamusoro Vladivostok. The anoshongwa nendege kune guta hakusi, asi vanhu vakanga vasiri zvishoma achitya. "Rurik" vakayera zvibatiso chengarava mukati maminitsi gumi pashure kwepfuti wekutanga wakaridza. Munguva Bay kwakanga chando. Ivo chaitadzisa nokukurumidza mbudo kubva pachiteshi. sevatsvaki vemapuranga yokuzviparadzanisa waiva Ussuri Bay panguva apo Japan akanga vakasiya zvinzvimbo zvavo. Kwasviba, uye zvikepe vaipfuura mumwe maviri emakiromita, uye paakaona muvengi iri kuuya uye akamira. Mukuwedzera, muna Vladivostok vakatanga kutya kuti vokuJapan kumwe pedo kuruboshwe rwangu.

matambudziko matsva

Kukundikana pamazuva hondo yokutanga kwakaita kuti mudonzvo turnover iri kurapa rengarava. Hurumende tsarist yakatarwa wehondo Admiral Makarov. Akaisa pamberi "Rurik" uye ake dzechikwata nezvinetso zvitsva. Kwakasarudzwa kusiya nzira yose vachirwisa pamusoro Japanese pamhenderekedzo. Asi, "Rurik" zvino aifanira kudzivirira kutapurirana mauto muvengi muna Wonsan. Izvi chiteshi Korean aiva beachhead Japanese, kubva ipapo akatanga pasi kushandiswa.

Makarov akabvumira kuenda kugungwa chero sezvamunoita (kana zvikepe kana munhu motokari). Akakurukurirana pahwaro yokuti zvombo Russian zvikuru simba uye inobudirira kupfuura vokuJapan. Admiral akanga akarasika. Shapkozakidatelskie mudhu muRussia pamusoro avaida hondo dzaiva hazvizivani. vanhu vokuJapan musaonesesa dzakakomba vavengi.

Upfumi munyika iyi yokuAsia kwenguva refu nguva akagara ega. Yakanga chete achangopfuura makore Tokyo akatanga kumanikidza kuchinja muuto uye romugungwa. Mauto New dzakavakwa pamusoro Western womuenzaniso European. Equipment atenga sezvo dzimwe nyika, uye chete hwakanakisisa. The Japanese Kupindira kuFar East muMoscow akatarira pasi, kukurukura Japanese upstarts. Imhaka ichi hanya nemafungiro uye akanga arasika hondo yose. Asi ikozvino, tarisiro vaiva kujeka, uye dzimbahwe netariro yakaisvonaka uye ushingi vengarava Russian.

dzvuku herring

Kupfuura mwedzi, "Rurik" akanga pachiteshi. Zvichakadai, Admiral Makarov akaurayiwa pedyo Port Arthur. Akanga ari yehondo "Petropavlovsk", iwire chimbambaira. Japanese High Command asarudza kuti mushure nezvorufu Admiral Russian kwenguva refu nguva haina mifananidzo inokukurudzira kubva akakomba Port Arthur. Saka, muna Tokyo akarayira kupwanya boka, vachishandisa Vladivostok.

Panguva ino, "Rurik" zvakare akaenda musasa. Panguva iyi, dzechikwata vakatamira nenzira Japan guta Hakodate. Mugungwa, akabata mudziyo chokufambisa, iyo yakanyura pedyo Avangard, iyo chakatangwa "Russia." Vasungwa akaudza kuti pedyo ari dzechikwata kuna Admiral Kamimura. Ipapo nezvikepe Russian vakadzokera Vladivostok, uye haana asvika Hakodate. By ane rombo mukana, ichi zvikwata nguva akasangana. Kamimura Zvikepe zvaiva nesimba zvikuru kupfuura Russian, izvo zvingaita kuti chokwadi kukundwa.

Asi kunyange chokwadi "Rurik" nzvimbo ino kuti abudirire kuita chinangwa. Vladivostok dzechikwata aifanira mafambire chikamu mauto muvengi kubva Port Arthur. Sezvo April Kamimura ngarava havachasungirwi akasiya Gungwa Japan, raiva chete mumaoko Russia. Muna May, imwe anotambudzika sezvineiwo, kuti ngarawa "Hercules" akaita tsaona, akavigwa mawere of Cape Bruce. Pashure pechiitiko ari dzechikwata akasiya ngarava matatu.

Combat ari Kwazvo pamusoro Shimonoseki

Pazuva rokupedzisira kwematsutso 1904, sevatsvaki vemapuranga vatatu vakaenda zvakare kupinda muhondo kushambira. Vasati vapinda Strait of Shimonoseki, vakagumburwa pamusoro Japanese ngarava. Radio dzaishandisa nounyanzvi kuisa redhiyo chipingaidzo, nemhaka iyo muvengi kukwanisa ikwidzwe vanodana kutambudzika Admiral Kamimura. ngarava Japanese akapararira. Mangwanani, kuti mhute pedyo patrol ngarawa "Tsushima".

Ngarava akaedza kutiza uye kusvika kumhenderekedzo. Zvakatanga neimwewo kutsvaka. Russian dzechikwata akakwanisa kubata chokufambisa chikepe "Izumo naMaru." Rakanga yakanyura pashure imwe bombardment zvikuru. Kubva chikepe akabvisa vanenge vanhu zana. Vamwe akananga kwakasiyana-siyana. Crews "Rurik" uye "Russia" vakasarudza kuparadzaniswa "Gromoboya" uye ikadzivisa kumhanyisana.

Pamusuo Strait of Shimonoseki yakavhenekera mumwe motokari muvengi. The chikepe akatoedza kuenda gondohwe "Gromoboya," asi hapana akauya nezvazvo. Akanga akapfurwa panguva varara siyana uye pakupedzisira akapedza kure pedyo Avangard. Ship rikanyura. Paiva varwi zviuru nevasere howitzers simba, iyo vokuJapan vachienda kushandisa kuti kukombwa Port Arthur. Chinzvimbo dzakapoteredzwa guta rakanga zvichiwedzera kuipa. In ezvinhu aya, ari Vladivostok dzechikwata rinenge kumbobva gungwa, uye kana ukasiya chengarava, chete nokukurumidza kuti restock. Nguva yokugadzirisa uye kutsiva Worn zvikamu havana.

Last rwisana

Pashure achifambisa August 14, 1904 zvikuru mashoko ngarawa "Russia", "Stormbreaker" uye "Rurik" pakupedzisira akatarisana Japanese rengarava. Paiva ngarava matanhatu. Ivo vaiwanda kupfuura Russian Court dzokurwa kudzivirirwa uye firepower. Vladivostok yokuzviparadzanisa akaenda rubatsiro zvikepe kuedza kuputsa kubva encirclement muPort Arthur.

pfuti Japanese vakanga vachiridzira mwero uye simba kupfuura 4-mudanga. reshiyo iyi yakatsunga anosuruvarisa mugumisiro hondo. Pakutanga ari kudhumhana, zvakava pachena kuti muvengi ane mukana. Zvadaro kwakasarudzwa kudzoka zvikepe chengarava Vladivostok. Ita izvi zvakanga zvisingaiti. The pfuti yacho ngarawa "Rurik" vakaedza kuchengeta muvengi vari kure, asi pashure zvakanaka-kunangidzirwa volley chikepe zvokudya akamuka buri ngozi.

Nemhaka vachiwa varega kushandisa mudhiraivho, kuzvidzora chakarasika. The iri mvura nezvikamu. Gozvo murimi uye nokuveza vakanga anyatsofukidzwa neawa. The mashizha vari wavharwa, nokuda kwezvandakaitirwa vashandi chikepe vakava vasingabatsiri mubatwa mamiriro ezvinhu. chikepe havukavu akaramba kutapudzwa, kunyange achisimudzira yapfuura kosi. "Rurik" (ngarawa 1892) akatanga lag shure vamwe zvikepe dzechikwata. Distance yakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma pakati pavo.

vakakomba

Muna Korea Strait Russian dzechikwata akauya pasi murayiro Karl Jessen. Kana mukuru akaziva kuti pane chimwe chinhu chakanganisika, akapa murayiro, "Russian" uye "Stormbreaker" pabutiro "Rurik" nomoto Japanese. Diversionary nzira akaratidza maturo. The zvokuchenesa ngarava idzi vakatambura inorema varasikirwa. Vafambisi navatariri vakafa pasi rinorema moto muvengi.

Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, "Russia" uye "Stormbreaker" dzakamanikidzwa kusiya yeKorea Strait. Chokutanga, Jesse aitarisira kuti vokuJapan warrior sevatsvaki vemapuranga, rinomiririra mukuru ngozi, mukutsvaga flagship uye siya "Rurik" woga. Gun chikepe aigona kumudzivirira kubva yokurwiswa zvemapapu midziyo. Kana chikwata akakurumidza kugadzirisa zvakakanganiswa, iyo ngarawa aizokwanisa kuramba rwendo rwavo rwokudzokera kumusha kana runenge vanange Korean pamhenderekedzo.

Chaizvoizvo vokuJapan vakamhanya mushure "Russia". Zvisinei, paakanga kukodzera kuna Imperial Navy zvikepe vematunhu, akadzokera dzeminda. Panguva ino, "Rurik" aiedza kuita uye akaramba kudzivisa, kunyange nokuda kukuvadza firepower ake yekudyidzana simba. Ipapo vashandi akaedza gondohwe Japanese zvikepe chiedza. Vaya kutizira uye sezvo tizvidzivirire vakatamira pamusoro madaro marefu. All vakasiya, saka zviri kumirira kusvikira ngarava anotanga kunyura akakomba, uye norufu ngarawa "Rurik" vachava hakudzivisiki. Pakupedzisira vafambisi Russian yakatanga Avangard panguva muvengi wokupedzisira apona Avangard chubhu. Zvisinei, kubaya chombo haana rova.

Order Ivanov gumi nenhatu

Pakutanga muhondo akafa mukuru "Rurik" Evgeny Trusov. Akakuvadzwa uye aiva mukuru mukuru uyo aifanira kutsiviwa naye. Dzinokwana vanhu 800 vakaurayiwa chikwata 200, uye anenge 300 vakakuvadzwa. Wokupedzisira kurarama mukuru mukuru akazviratidza Konstantin Ivanova. Panoperera yemaawa mashanu hondo, kana kuguma rwanga pachena, kuti murume wakatora murayiro.

Zvichakadai, vokuJapan vakatanga kupa zviratidzo kuti vachida kugamuchira Kuregwa muvengi. Dzechikwata akarayira Admiral Kamimura Hikonodzo. Akanga achangodzoka kubva kutsvaka "Russia" uye "Gromoboya" uye ari kumirira mhinduro vakakomba rakarira. Apo Johane akaziva kuti zvose nemishonga zvinoreva vave arukutika, akarayira kunyura chikepe. Kazhinji Russian rengarava inoshandiswa chinangwa ichi, chinokosha mhosva, iro vasanyanya ngarava. ivo asi nguva ino dzakanga dzaparadzwa. Ipapo vashandi yakasarudza kuvhura Kingston - chaiwo mavharuvhu. Ipapo mvura kudirwa muchikepe maitiro kwakatosimba. "Rurik" (ngarawa, 1892) nokukurumidza pai, rakapidiguka, kutanga kurutivi rworuboshwe, uye ipapo chose pasi mvura.

Feat uye kubwinya ngarawa

Russia akarasikirwa hondo wokuRussia-Japanese, asi hondo yaro uye nezvikepe kuzodzosera pose vakaratidza ushingi uye kuzvipira kwavo kuna basa. Muna Korea Strait ngarawa "Rurik" yakabonderana zvikepe zvakanga zvikuru ano uye simba kupfuura iye. Zvisinei, zvisingachashandi Ngarava pamwe murombo dzokurwa, akatora kurwa. Feat ngarawa "Rurik" aikosheswa kwete chete pamusha asiwo dzimwe nyika, uye kunyange wokuJapan.

Konstantin Ivanov mukuru wake vashandi vaipfeka nhamba 13. Chaiva tsika wengarava kuti asiwo namesakes. Pashure pehondo uye kudzoka kunyika yokumusha kwake, akanga paakavapa dzakawanda mibayiro (sezvinoita mamwe masoja ake ose). The Emperor vachinzwa muimba yake, nechirevo chake soro yakachinja zita mukuru. Konstantin Ivanov Konstantin Ivanov akava gumi. Nhasi, kuRussia nezvikepe inoramba kuyeuka heroism uye basa vakatendeka ngarawa. Zvinofadza kuti muna 1890 chikepe vakashumira somubatsiri mukuru varindi Alexander Kolchak. Zvikuru gare gare akava Admiral, uye ipapo - mumwe vatungamiriri White rwokufamba chikuru vavengi itsva Bolshevik hurumende.

Muna 1906, kuti ngarawa "Rurik 2" kwakatangwa. Yainzi kuremekedza baba vake, nemafashamo muhondo yeRussia-Japanese. Ngarava yakava flagship pakati kuBaltic Fleet. The ngarawa "Rurik 2" akatora chikamu muHondo Yenyika I, achitungamirira kugara moto pamwe nematare German. Ngarava iyi zvakare kuurayiwa. Yandirova mumugodhi 20 November 1916 nemhenderekedzo domsaga.