Ko zita Troy rechipiri?

Nhoroondo kuwa Troy, munhu wacho ainge atadzirwa achinyengera Odyssey, akatizivisa kubva zvezvaidzidziswa - kwete nhoroondo uye mabhuku. Homer, mumwe mukuru Classics ivhu, inotiudza hondo, zvakazoita muguta simba rakaparadzwa, uye vagari vayo - vanourayiwa kana varanda. Chimwe zita Troy mungano yechiGiriki - Ilion (pano Chokwadi, zita mabasa akakurumbira: "rinonzi Iliad").

The ngano nezvekwakabva muguta

Maererano nengano, guta rakanga akavamba madhaka - Mambo wokutanga Trojan ane kuziva Pedigree: mai vake aiva nymph. Rimwe zuva akaenda mutambo uye vakavakunda, pane kumuka kapu uye Medals nevaranda makumi mashanu aroorane, uye (asi hazvishamisi) paminiti mhou. Chirevo akamuudza kuti avake guta apo mhuka yave kugara - IL akaita.

Maererano nengano, muchimiro eevhangeri vamwari pamukova wetende youmambo kubva kudenga akadonha remuti chidhori Athena. Gare gare Il ndokumisa mukukudza mwarikadzi kwetemberi, uye temberi iripo (kunyange intermittently) kwemazana emakore.

Legends uye hypotheses kwesayenzi

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti mashoko okuti zita Troy rechipiri - Ilion, mune zvesayenzi akapoteredza, haruzvitsvakiri vamwe. Zviri pachena kuti guta rino raiva. Uchapupu ichi, uye nhema uye Makoronike vavakidzani, uye mutariro kuti zvokudya nayo siyana vanhu vekare (navaPeresia, somuenzaniso). Zviripachena, guta rino raiva simba chaizvo uye yakabudirira, asi kare vachiri kuudzawo Ilium kuti "rinonzi Iliad" (kureva mashoko nzvimbo ngano uye nyaya), uye zvakananga guta zvechokwadi munguva dzekare.

Achienzanisa zvinyorwa zvakasiyana, zvinganzi vaifungidzira kuti kugarwa sokuti anenge ari 3rd chemakore BC. Zviri pachena kuti zvakavimbika mashoko pamusoro wayo chaiwo nzvimbo, mararamiro uye zvichingodaro. D. Zvino kuwana zvakaoma (kana kwete hazviiti). Kunyanya kuti zvapupu "vhiringidza pamusoro pechipupuriro," uye chete anopa mamwe zvokudya kwaita hypotheses matsva.

zvarisingazivi pfungwa

Kune Somuenzaniso, shanduro maererano iyo Ilion - kwete rimwe zita reguta Troy, uye rayo guru (chokwadi, nekuti Troy - ichi state). Vamwe mabhuku vanoti mune chokwadi ane padombo haripindiki, dzinoimbwa Homer, haasi chinhu asi Constantinople: kuti Constantine akasarudza kuvaka "Roma idzva" "riri nzvimbo Ilium yekare", riri kunzi nzvimbo yechizvarirwo kuti havaoni Vokusingaperi City (rangarira kuti "Aeneid" Virgil). Saka, zvinoitika kuti zita ano Troy - Istanbul? Kana. Vanyori pfungwa odzokera pasi: sokuti akazonzi pfungwa dzake uye Constantine akatamisa dzimbahwe rake mberi yekare Byzantium.

Kumwewo vari kuita nokufungidzira kwokuti, sezvo zita Troy rechipiri - Ilion, uye Jerusarema - Elia (Elia, Ilion) Capitolina, ingangodaro kuti uyu ndiye mumwe chete guta, anongonzi zvishoma yakasiyana nokuda hunhu omunzvimbo tumitauro . Version iri zvishoma zvarisingazivi hunhu, asi iye anewo vateveri.

Saka vane kanenge tarenda yokuti rimwe zita Troy - Atlantis. mhedziso iyi rakanzwika mangwanani 90-ies wekupedzisira remakore uye anobva zvimwe zvakafanana rwakaimbwa ngano dzakasiyana marudzi siyana. Zvisinei, nyika masayendisiti hakuiti kuseka pamusoro dzidziso iyi.

nesayenzi zvinhu

Kana tikatarisa chokwadi, imi anotaurwa nemazita maviri Troy uye yekare yamabhuku amadzimambo muHiti. mabviro Izvi nhoroondo chaizvo uye zvesayenzi. Asi maererano magwaro aya, akanga asiri chete, uye maguta maviri akasiyana. Asi zvakare: unanimity sezvo pakanga pasina uye kwete. Pakupedzisira, kwete chokwadi kuti navaHiti vekare aireva chaizvo vaida kuverenga dzakaitika ano.

Pasinei "kuvhiringidzika uye vacillation" munyika zvedzidzo munyika, zvikuru kwakapararira ndiyo shanduro, iyo inotaura kuti:

• zviitiko zvinorondedzerwa basa yekare, vakatora nzvimbo;

• rimwe zita, nokuti guta Troy - Ilion;

• Raiva chaipo apo rwakavakwa Homer ( "rinonzi Iliad" zvavo yakatodzama basa - mumwe chete mazita ngarava Greek kunokosha).

Zvokutopenga of Archaeology

Pane chikonzero (uye yakawanda) vanodavira kuti haripindiki nhare Vakaonekwa nhetembo yekare, rakaonekwa muna 1970 ne matongo Heinrich Schliemann Zvokutopenga. Mumwe mugove veruzhinji anopa kuti Mumusimudzire: musatya nezviremera, kwete kutaura, kana chiitiko uye nzvimbo anorondedzerwa "rinonzi Iliad" - hapana kupfuura ngano, uye mvumo pikidura uye achiri kuwanikwa kungoda wekare kugarwa pedo pachikomo Hissarlik, pamusoro nharaunda hweOttoman Empire (zvino! - Turkey).

Special Education Schliemann asina, asi akanga ane farira kukuchidzira Nyanduri bofu. Nokuda Evening kuverenga "The rinonzi Iliad" mumwoyo mukomana ari muduku akanga akanyorwa zita Troy: zvimwe hazvibviri kutsanangura chokwadi kuti muzvinabhizimisi, baba vevana vatatu, mumwe murume asisiri muduku vakaenda kunotsvaka muguta, iro vashoma vakatenda kuvapo.

Biography of mudzidzi akiyorojisiti - wakagadzirira manyorero kuti Hollywood movie: akaberekerwa mumhuri mupristi murombo, iri musha pamuganhu wePolish-German, Schliemann akaita shoma inoti, akasangana adventures zhinji, aiva Russia, akanga akaroorwa komukadzi arambwa uyo akamusiya, aenda kutsvaka hope yake, uye zvakasangana chido itsva: musikana Greek Sofia. Zvakanga kwaaiita musoro, nemimwe uye pamutsipa akashongedzwa korona anokosha, nezvomumutsipa nezvindori dzinowanikwa Zvakafukunurwa. Vanopfuura 10 000 zvinhu zvendarama! Yaiva pfuma chaiyo.

Gold - murima chinhu ...

Njodzi mashoma rakasviba pfuma. Schliemann akapa anowana (zvose kana chikamu, Mwari unoziva) muBerlin Museum, apo vari zvakanaka uye akanyangarika panguva Second World War. Pane zvinyorwa vanoti, kunyange ndarama sezvayakawanikwa pashure pokuwa USSR kuRussia, izvo zvinoreva kuti ari hurumende mamiziyamu (kunyanya Hermitage) akapa zvidzidzo vakapupurira kubudirira guta, kuimbwa nokuda Homer kukuru.

Schliemann rombo rakanaka kwazvo: ake vachiedza akatadza. Zvisinei, zvino pasi zvikuru kutsoropodzwa: asi Zvakafukunurwa pavaiita, isu tichati, yakati ufuza nzira. Paaienda kuwana zvinokosha anowana Schliemann "yakaparadzwa" nomwe (!) Cultural akaturikidzana mararamiro ekare, anenge asina kunzwa izvozvo, uye regai kunyange paakasvika pasi "kuti mwoyo", uye vakamira Penultimate chechetere. Usati chinhu, "yakanaka" basa.

vaongorori painstaking

Papera vanochera matongo (kwete amateurs uye nyanzvi), akawana akaturikidzana alternated remakore vakawanda pfumbamwe, guta ndokuwira kuora, rikabudirira - uye mumwe nguva yave avasakadza pamhenderekedzo yeGungwa reAegean.

Pakutanga nezvokuvapo kugarwa ichi pamwe akanga akasiyana zita: guta Troy pachayo iri 3rd chemakore BC. e. Hapana vachigere. Origin Culture rukoko padzakacherechedza matongo raimiririra kugarwa dhayamita chete zana mamita. Nokuti nguva yaro, rakanga rakakombwa zvakanaka, mamiriro nani simba, iyo rakaparadzwa, anodavirwa kuva moto.

Schliemann vacherera rukoko rakanga rakaita sezvinotevera, uye yakatanga chiuru chemakore chechitatu BC. Yandakapiwa Trojan War, kare ano dzinoti kuguma wechipiri dzakaonekwa havangagoni Homegrown akiyorojisiti zvinoratidza chokuita magamba enyika "rinonzi Iliad", sezvo mukuru zvinorondedzerwa ne makore anenge chiuru. Asi "Troy nhamba mbiri" zvechokwadi kuparadzwa muhondo: ichi, maererano masayendisiti, unoratidza unhu kuparadzwa.

Mumakore mashanu anotevera emakore, guta ingangova haanyanyi kwakapfuura. Masayendisiti kuwana zvisaririra kubudirira, asi kuwana uchapupu kudzikisirana. Kunenge kuti 'nhamba Troy vatatu, vana uye shanu, "raiva guta chaizvo huru dzakawira kuburikidza nemanomano Odysseus - chokuita nguva ariko Troy pa nhamba matanhatu nomwe uye saka, zviitiko zvinorondedzerwa muna" rinonzi Iliad. "

Zvakafukunurwa kwakaratidza dzasara guru rakavakirirwa mumuzinda wakavakwa munguva iyi, masvingo 4-5 mamita paukobvu. Zviri pachena kuti pakati pemakore 1800-1025 BC. e. Ilion yekare (kana uchiri kutenda kuti ndiwo zita reguta Troy rechipiri) richiwedzera uye achiumburuka muumbozha. Uye regai masvingo Troy, nhamba 6 haungazoparadzwi nevanhu, nekudengenyeka kwenyika, nyanzvi ano kuti vanodavira kuti hondo, zvakazoita kuti paShushani huru dzakawira, anoreva ichi (1800-1250 gg.) Kana inotevera (1250-1025 gg.) Nguva .

Romance uye chinorwadza

Mugore enhetembo mharidzo chikonzero tsaona yakanga yakanaka mukadzi (uye kana iwe chevatatu sezvo bonde simba, uye kunyange vanamwarikadzi, hakusi chimwe, asi mana). Maererano nengano, aiva Trojan muchinda Paris ari (izvo, vamwe wokumwe sezvineiwo, aivawo mufudzi), vaiva vatatu mugari simba pamusoro Olympus: Aphrodite, Hera uye Athena aine chikumbiro kuziva yakaisvonaka vavo.

Jaya vasingagoni kusarudza, uye ipapo mwarikadzi vakatanga kumupa uori zvose zvakanaka, sokuti, pamusoro vanhu. Mumwe akavimbisa simba, mumwe - akabudirira zvebhizimisi rehondo, uye mwarikadzi rudo, zvipikirwa nyasha zvikuru yakaisvonaka vakadzi.

By ane anotambudzika sezvineiwo, "pfumbamuromo" akaroorwa mambo Spartan, asi izvozvo hazvina kumisa gamba. Iye kubiwa mudzimai Menelaus, uyo, vachitsigirwa muvakutsiri, yakatanga hondo baba Paris, akakomberedza guta Ilium (Troy zita wechipiri).

Vatsvakurudzi yokutsoropodza. ano vanodavira kuti rudo mutsetse - maturo: Ungangove, mhaka kupesanisa vakatanga mari uye simba munzvimbo (akafanana nguva dzose). The zvakananga kubatanidzwa vanamwari, zvakare, hapana anopfuura nemanyepo. Asi rondedzero yacho, "rinonzi Iliad" uye zano guta upenyu aiva yakarurama.

Umambo fungidziro

Zvichida tsananguro iri nyore: pashure nhamba Troy 7 yakaparadzwa nehondo, pashure 2,5 remakore vatanga zvakare kuti agare vaGiriki - iri nguva basa Homer wechokwadi. Hazvina kutora nguva yakawanda, zvisaririra muguta rekare zvave tichishandisa "itsva". Munyori yakakura yaiva nyore kusungirira ingano chaichoicho, sezvo mugumisiro "kurwisana kwenzanga" aiva naye, unogona kutaura pamberi pemaziso. Zvisinei, zvakanga chokwadi, isu hadzizombozvizivi.

Ndiyo nyaya - chikamu vemungano, nzvimbo chaiyo - guta, iro Zvisaririra iyo ukuru akapukunyuka nemhaka Harahwa tsika chinopenya Greek. Ndinofanira kubvuma kuti dai asina bofu munyori (ane rakanyorwa riri vakakanda kupokana), zvingangoita kuti vaviri vokutanga uye chechipiri zita Troy nokusingaperi anyudzwe mu yokukanganwa (kana, zvinenge, vaizova ichifarirwa chete rakamanikana yakaurungana vanachiremba) .

Sezvineiwo, zvakaitika zvakadaro. The guta zvikuru uye ayo akasuwa mugumo kudzora pfungwa dzevanhu kuti vanopfuura zviuru zviviri zvemakore. Zvirokwazvo kunyange kana Troy kumbova, zvirokwazvo anofanira kunge yakaitwa.