The zvikonzero kuti abolition kuti serfdom muRussia

Kamwe muna 1856, akagumisa kuti Crimean War, kare vakawanda vanoti kuti yaitonga yorusununguko uye zvinhu mu Russia. Asi kunyange mukupera nemasere remakore, masayendisiti akawanda, vanofunga uye voruzhinji vakawana zvikonzero abolition kuti serfdom. A nechigadziko vaitova, kanenge, ari vepamusoro iyoyo aifunga kuti serfdom - iri zvinenge unzenza. Kunyange akasika chakavanzika munharaunda uyo akarwa serfdom, asi yakanga zvose pasina.

Muna 1855, akasvika simba mambo mutsva. Alexander II kubva pauduku ajaira humán kurapwa vanhu, havana kubva ipi munzanga. Kunyange zvakadaro, mubati mutsva haisi kunyanya kukurumidza kuita chero zvokuchinja, kunyange zvakanaka ziva kuti hwokugadzira backwardness kweRussia, uyewo serfdom - zvikonzero zvinogona kunzi chikuru, izvo akarasikirwa hondo. Chero zvakanga, asi pakupedzisira, Alexander II vachiri pakufunga kuti zvokuchinja chaizvo zvinodiwa, uye vanofanira kuitwa nokukurumidza sezvinobvira.

Saka, zvinokosha pafungidziro abolition pamusoro serfdom, zvinotevera: riri kudziviswa zvikuru kukura indasitiri, guta rakanga hurikufamba zvishoma nezvishoma, uye angangodaro kuti Russia achava yechipiri nehurumende yaiva.

Chimwe chikonzero ndechokuti vose mapurazi ose vanhuwo zvavo vasingagoni kukunda yerera uye akaparadzwa, uye zviri zvose kuitika nokuti landlords kazhinji wakawedzera serfdom, uye rendi anobhadhara varimi kuita chinhu kupfuura sei kuenda kushanda mafekitari.

Pfungwa yetatu ndeyekuti kuti serfdom akanga chikuru chikonzero nokuda Crimean hondo chakarasika. Pachiso ndechokuti Russia ine chaizvo yepamusorosoro rechiuto utera zvichienzaniswa nemamwe masimba makuru. Uyezve, varimi vakanga vashatisa nokukurumidza nokuda mabasa akasiyana-siyana uye yesosaiti, varimi vazhinji nyore akatiza landlords.

Chimwe chikonzero - kukura kubva murimi mudiki yokumukira. Ivo, chokwadi, akanga asina kurasikirwa, saka kutanga nokusagadzikana. Hurumende kutya zvikuru, kwete kutanga chechipiri "Pugachevshchina".

Chikonzero weshanu abolition pamusoro serfdom ndechokuti vatongi pachavo vakanga achinyatsoziva kuti mamiriro ezvinhu aya, ivo, sokunge iri upfu keg, uye tinofanira kuita kuti tiite zvinhu, asi zvimwewo hapana zvakanaka hakumusvitsi.

Pakupedzisira, chikonzero wechitanhatu serfdom aifanira kukanzura zvakawanda uye kuti zvakanzi panoonekwa vazhinji muuranda chaiye uye zvinenge zvikamu zvose munzanga akatsoropodza mamiriro ezvinhu aya.

Izvi handizvo zvose zvikonzero abolition pamusoro serfdom, asi izvi prerequisites matanhatu hurumende kupfuura akatambudzika.

Maiva mumakore rekutonga mambo mutsva vekare akanga yakasainwa nokuda ruregero mutemo. Pasi chibvumirano gwaro vazhinji Decembrists, uyewo nhengo dzimwe yokumukira yawana rusununguko rwavo, kubvisa zvimwe misha vemauto kusenza, kunyange akaramba, asi dzinokwanisa simba, uye kuenda kunze kwenyika yava vakasununguka.

Hurumende itsva yasvika uye ndaona zvose zvikonzero abolition pamusoro serfdom, asi chirongwa zvakajeka hwezvekuita havana. Asi muvanhu panguva iyoyo paitova manotsi siyana mutsika, nhoroondo uye mabhuku, uyo akapa mazano avo idzva kuchinja. Yakakurumbira yaiva katsamba Kavelina wenhoroondo, uyo aidavira kuti panguva murimi mudiki kuchinja vanofanira kufunga kwete chete nezvido Varidzi, asi vanhuwo zvavo. In ake pfungwa, vanhu ava vanofanira kunge vakagamuchira nyika kushandiswa, uye landlords - mubayiro nokuti.

Uyewo, munhu uyu inorondedzerwa zvakajeka kupfuura zvose zvikonzero abolition ose serfdom, uye vanhu zvechokwadi vakamuteerera. Zvisinei, zvinokosha kuziva kuti hurumende yakanga isina kunyanya kufara Naizvozvo kurovedzera, kunyange izvozvo vanogumurwa kubva panzvimbo yavo basa, asi nokururama zvakafanira kufunga nezvokuti kuti yaiva pfungwa yake uye akazivisa chikuru zvokudya yemberi kuchinja.