Low kabhoni simbi: sezvamunoita uye zvivako

Low kabhoni simbi iri ubiquitous. mukurumbira wayo inobva mumuviri, zvemakemikari zvivako uye vakaderera mutengo. chiwanikwa iyi zvinowanzoshandiswa bhizimisi uye kuvakwa. Ngatikurukurei kwakadai simbi.

mamiriro

Steel - simbi muchifumiswa pamwe kabhoni iri simbi kwacho. For chairwo kabhoni inonyunguduka kuvapo kabhoni, iyo anosarudza dzinokosha ehupfumi ari simbi, uye netsvina: phosphorus (kusvika 0,07%), nesilicon (0.35%), sarufa (kusvika 0,06%), manganese (kusvika 0,8% ). Saka, pasi kabhoni simbi ine haana kupfuura 0.25% kabhoni. Pamusoro mamwe yokuvirisa, manganese nesilicon vari deoxidation (okisijeni kubviswa kubva yakaumbwa nesimbi, izvo kunoderedza brittleness panguva inopisa deformation). Asi yakawedzera chikamu nesarufa kungaita kuti cracking walnut pamusoro chiwanikwa panguva chafariz kubudiswa phosphorus - panguva chando.

Nzira achigadzirira

Production kuderedzwa kabhoni chiwanikwa inogona yaora muzvikamu akawanda: vachizvitakudza muchoto, uye chinyorwa simbi (mhosva), kuti chafariz kukanganisa kune utsotso mamiriro, nokubviswa tsvina vakawanda. Next vachikanda kungava simbi kana yokuwedzera kurapwa: gang kana Vacuum, uye inert magasi.

Nokuti aurayiwe azvaiitwa nenzira nhatu:

• Open pachoto yamavira. The inonyanya michina. Utsotso kwacho kunoitika mumaawa mashomanana, izvo zvinoita vachiongorora kunaka murwiyo mumarabhoritari.
• Convection hovhoni. Yakabudiswa nokufemera oxygen. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti alloys vakawana saizvozvi vasiri yepamusoro nokuti ane hombe uwandu nouipi.
• Uye induction yamavira. Kurimwa kwacho ari kushandisa gang. Nenzira iyi, yepamusoro uye anokosha alloys.

Funga zviri kupatsanura pakati alloys.

mhando

Low kabhoni simbi angava matatu mhando:

• Average unhu. Nesarufa zviri alloys kwakadaro hakuiti kupfuudza 0,06%, phosphorus 0,07%.
• Quality. In pamberi murwiyo: kusvika 0,04% sarufa, kusvika 0,035% phosphorus.
• High unhu. Nesarufa tigutsikane 0,025% phosphorus kusvika 0,025%
• Special unhu. The pasi kugutsikana nouipi: kusvika 0,015% sarufa, phosphorus - 0,025%.

Sezvambotaurwa, duku netsvina, nani kunaka chiwanikwa. Nyoro Steel GOST 380-94 vanhuwo unhu vachiri mapoka mapoka matatu:

• A. kunoyerwa kwayo zvemaziso ehupfumi. Form makurukuriro kuti mutengi kakawanda rinowanikwa muchimiro multidisciplinary uye jira zvigadzirwa.
• B. Key zviratidzi - makemikari anoumba uye zvivako. Optimum zvokuimba Impact kumanikidzwa pasi chafariz chinhu (nokuchengetedza, tsika).
• B. For kwemarudzi aya alloys zvivako zvakadaro: zvekushandisa, kwezvinhu, mumuviri, zvemakemikari, uye naizvozvo murwiyo.

By nedanho deoxidation hwendarira akakamurwa:

• Calm. solidification kwacho kunoitika norugare. Magasi yakadaro kwacho hakuna dzinounzwa. Shrinkage kumbowanikwa pakati vara.
• Semikilled. Zvenguva simbi mhando Kubika pakati akadzikama uye nziyo.
• Rokukwatisa. Solidification kunoitika chete negasi shanduka. Muridzo unoridzirwa runovanzwa mhando.

Key ehupfumi

Low kabhoni hwendarira kunoratidzwa yakakwirira ductility, zviri nyore akaremara muchando ehurumende uye mune inopisa. A pachena chinoratidza chiwanikwa uyu weldability rakanaka. Zvichienderana ehupfumi ari simbi zvimwe zvinhu dzingasiyana. Kakawanda, yakaderera-kabhoni alloys zvinoshandiswa kuvaka uye indasitiri. Izvi imhaka low mutengo uye simba zvakanaka zvivako. chiwanikwa iyi inonzi STRUCTURAL. The ehupfumi kuderedzwa kabhoni hwendarira encoded mu chaiyo. Below tichakurukura mamiriro ayo.

Kunyora Features

Typical munyoro simbi ane tsamba rokuti CT uye digitaalinen. Nhamba inofanira kugoverwa 100, ipapo chichagamuchirwa kunzwisisa chikamu kabhoni tigutsikane. Somuenzaniso, ST15 (0.15% kabhoni).

Funga chokuguma uye decipher zviratidzo:

• tsamba yokutanga kana kushaya rayo anoti pamusoro kuva ichi kana kuti seboka. Kungava B kana C. Kana pasina tsamba, ipapo munhu chiwanikwa ndekwaJehovha muchikwata A.
• Cm rinoreva shoko "simbi".
• Digital signage - encrypted kabhoni kubva muzana.
• Pedyo kp, Pis - rinoreva Kubika kana semikilled chiwanikwa. Kushaya rokuti kunoratidza kuti vakaurayiwa simbi (cn).
• Uye tsamba rokuti mushure digitaalinen anoratidza chero netsvina dziri murwiyo, uye avo kubva muzana. Somuenzaniso, T - manganese, Yu - aruminiyamu, F - vanadium.

tsamba rokuti "St" iri chokuguma hauna kuisa kuti yepamusoro yakaderera-kabhoni simbi. Uyewo, ruvara rokuti rikashandiswa. Somuenzaniso, pasi kabhoni simbi giredhi 10 chiri chichena ruvara. Steel unokudzwa anogona runotaurwa okuwedzera vatambi. Somuenzaniso, "K" - rinoshandiswa bhaira kuvaka; Munyu - kushandiswa kugadzira motokari zvokubatisa, etc ...

yabereka zvigadzirwa

Kune mapoka akawanda hwendarira zvigadzirwa:

• Sheet simbi. Subspecies: akakungurusa (GOST 19903-74) yakanyikwa (GOST 19904-74), wideband (GOST 8200-70), rinoparadza (GOST 103-76) ndiyo chemarata (GOST 8568-78)
• Angled profiles. Equilateral (GOST 8509-93), dzisakarurama (GOST 8510-86).
• Channels (GOST 8240-93).
• I-matanda. I-danda munhuwo (GOST 8239-89), I-danda, wide- (GOST 26020-83, što AISU 20-93).
• Pombi.
• Profiled flooring.

To Pamazita ichi achiwedzera yechipiri zvikamu, ayo inoumbwa Welding basa uye machine psac.

Minda chikumbiro

Field kushandiswa yakaderera kabhoni simbi zvikuru uye zvinoenderana kupenda:

• Masendimita 0, 1, 3Gsp. Zvinowanzoshandiswa kuvakwa. Somuenzaniso, mumwe muedzo waya pamusoro munyoro simbi,
• 05kp, 08, 08kp, 08U. Zvakanaka punching uye chando mufanidzo (dzakakwirira plasticity). Ivo anoshandiswa motokari indasitiri: dzomuviri, mafuta dzehondo, Coils, zvikamu welded zvivako.
• 10, 15 anoshandiswa zvikamu dzisina pasi kumusoro zvinorema. Zvikwepa nokuti boilers, punching, okubatanidza, nekiyi dzaro, screws.
• 18kp. Typical chikumbiro - kuvaka, iro rinoitwa tichibatsirwa nomoto.
• 20, 25. Rinoshandiswa chaizvo kuti zvaAtemisi fastening zvinhu. Okubatanidza, vharafu tappets, mapuranga uye dzimwe zvokurima michina.
• 30, 35. The namasanhu iro mutoro iri diki, sprockets, rachulis uye zvichingodaro. D.
• 40, 45, 50. Details kutarisana avhareji mutoro. Somuenzaniso, crankshafts, kukweshera discs.
• 60-85. Parts pasi kumusoro mutoro. Zvinogona njanji kuti njanji mavhiri nokuda Cranes, namatsime, the washers.

Sezvinogona kuoneka, ikabereka rakakura siyana - ndiyo yakaderera kabhoni simbi waya kwete chete. Rinotaurawo chinotaura zvakaoma zvigadziriswe.

Low chiwanikwa low-kabhoni simbi: misiyano

Nokuti akawedzera uvandudze chero zvechadenga chiwanikwa alloying zvinhu. Steels kuti ane CHEB pasi yakawanda kabhoni (kusvika kota muzana) uye dopants (zvachose kubva muzana - 4%) vanodaidzwa pasi yakapambadzirwa. rinopfungaira kwakadaro anoramba mukuru weld quality, asi nzvimbo yakasiyana vari kunowedzera. Somuenzaniso, simba, anticorrosion kuita uye zvichingodaro. Kazhinji, zvose mhando zvinoshandiswa welded hurongwa kuti vanofanira kutsungirira tembiricha siyana kubva kubvisa 40 kuwedzerazve 450 Celsius.

nomoto Features

Welding kuti kabhoni steels vane yakakwirira prices. Welding mhando, electrodes ravo ukobvu anosarudzwa pachishandiswa inotevera hwokugadzira mashoko:

• Mukomboni anofanira hazvo zvakasimba waakaita.
• Panofanira kuva vazvo kuremara.
• The makemikari anoumba weld kuti kuitwa maererano nemitemo raanotaura GOST.
• Welded kwokubatana vanofanira kusangana anodawo ezvinhu (vibration nemishonga, zvokuimba kushushikana, tembiricha utongi).

Pane angashandiswa siyana siyana Welding kubva Welding gasi kuti carbon dioxide inobvisa ezvinhu consumable electrode. Kana iwe kufungawo kusarudzwa mukuru fusibility yakaderera-kabhoni uye shoma-chiwanikwa.

With dzakananga Panyaya kukura, rakadzika kabhoni simbi inoshandiswa kuvaka uye ouinjiniya. Steel mugwaro anosarudzwa inobva inodiwa goho mumuviri makemikari zvivako. Kuvapo alloying zvinhu hungavandudzika pfuma chete (nemishonga kuti ngura, tembiricha kuchinja), asi zvinoshatisa vamwe. weldability Good - mumwe mukana alloys dzakadaro.

Saka, takawana kuti chigadzirwa vakaderera-kabhoni low-chiwanikwa simbi.