Light ndege Yak-12: Magadzirirwo, mapikicha, nhoroondo yokusika

Munguva 1940s, utungamiriri Soviet mvumo zano nokuda kukura uye vavakezve National upfumi. Maererano naye, kuchinja dzakachinja rokurima zvekutepfenyura. Kuti uvandudze chipembenene kuzvidzora uye kutsvinda mabasa vokuparidzira vakatanga kushingaira kukudziridza mhepo mutsetse. Izvi zvakaguma chidzoke rimwe chiedza panguva injini ndege. Zvinokosha ndege akadai Yak-12.

History chokusika

The Yak-12 ari multi-chinangwa chokufambisa motokari hwakagadzirwa magadzirirwo Bureau achitungamirirwa A. S. Yakovleva. Pashure vakabudirira miedzo muna 1946, kusika avhiyesheni vakatanga vakawanda-zvibereko. Asi panguva imwe yekuedzwa mutyairi vasingagoni kunyika ndege iri nzvimbo yakapiwa pachake kuburikidza Stalin, uye Serial kweShanduro ndege womuenzaniso yave vakarega. Pasinei nokuti pamasikiro ndege Yak-12 ndege pakati dzimwe motokari iyoyo aiva mumwe chakanakisisa uye kukanganisa raiva chikamu mutyairi-pamwero kugadzirwa tatangazve chete pashure porufu womutungamiri.

Pamasikiro ndege muchina

Pakutanga, ndege akagadzirirwa kuti Air Force double muchina, vaikwanisa kuita utsanana uye zvine matambudziko. Yak-12 aiva yakavhenganiswa kuvakwa nekuti zvaAtemisi fuselage bwezvingoro vaishandisa hromansilevye welded nenyere. Duralumin mapuranga dzakaitwa maviri spar bapiro, tailplane uye ailerons. Pachavo mapapiro uye muswe chikamu vakanga kupetura jira. Kuti kudimburira uta kushandiswa duralumin. Wood akava hwaro pagadzirwe micheka yakatsemurwa formwork ndege. Utsanana avhiyesheni muchina akanga nepokuongorora wakaiswa Dural fenda liner. Kuderedza kurwisa iri chassis kungova pyramidal mhando, zvakanzi akatasva tepi chairo - Guy.

Ndege kabhini vaiva motokari mhando uye anogona kutakura vanhu vana. Kana zvakakodzera, rutivi rwayo rworudyi kusimbiswa pakamubhedha kutakura vakakuvadzwa. Most yokutanga ndege Yak-12 akanga vakapakata injini M-11FR 160 litres. a. uye haachandidi. Nokufamba kwenguva, sechivako ndege vakatsiva huni aruminiyamu.

ramangwana

Yak-12 ndege rave kushandiswa chaizvo mune zvokurima. Achibatsirwa muchina uyu wakaitwa kupfeka zvinomera fetiraiza, seeding, pollination zvirimwa uye minda. Zvinogonawo kushanda amburenzi. The Yak-12 raishandiswa senzira mutakuri tsamba uye Towing. Sezvo mufambi transporter ndege iyi yakanga akakodzera pamusoro tuzvikanganiso pakutengeserana. The muchina yakagadzirwa vanhu vaviri uye anokwanisa withstanding mutoro asingadi pfuura 350 makirogiramu. chikoro zhizha kuti parachuting akashandisawo Yak-12.

Kweguyo pamasikiro ndege multipurpose muchina dzinoratidzwa kwayo nyore uye ruggedness kushandiswa, pamberi redhiyo uye namano, zvichibvumira ndege usiku uye mamiriro rwakashata ekunze. Kuwedzera Soviet Union, ndege rave kushandiswa China uye Poland, umo yakabereka sezvo PZL-101 Gawron.

tsananguro

Yak-December 1947 nyaya iri kabvuma vysokoplanom kushandisa injini M-11FR. ndege magadzirirwo aigona kuva zviviri kana zvitatu-omunharaunda kabhini. Yak-12 pakutanga yakagadzirwa double. bapiro struts vari V-yakaumba wekuita pane imwe raiva pedyo nebundu nokuda fastening ari chassis. By kuva yakamisirwa slat duralumin chinokosha kurwisa angled hazvina ngozi. Kuvandudzwa pyramidal chassis (akaedzwa Yak-10) ane rinokosha tepi-pokumbononotswa, izvo pakugadzwa vhiri rimwe kusvika rabha buffers.

The akamedura basa rinoitwa pamwe huru mavhiri 6 X 18 masendimita uye muswe 20 X 11 cm. Vanogona zvakabatanidzwa the. Management zvinosanganisira waya Zara. Zvayaiva pamusoro bapiro slats substantially vanatsiridze ehupfumi iri kumhara, uye kubatsirawo pamusoro yakachengeteka munguva kutiza.

The Yak-12: Magadzirirwo

• Length - 8,36 m.
• Urefu - 3,76 m.
• Mapapiro - 12 m.
• Bapiro Area - 21,60 mamita ^2.
• Ndege uremu - 830 makirogiramu.
• Zvinogamuchirwa uremu (munhu anogona uchasimudzirwa) raiva 1450 makirogiramu.
• Engines - 1PD M-11FR.
• Kunonyanyisa nokukurumidza - 194 km / h.
• Cruising havukavu - 169 km / h.
• Kumhara havukavu - 90 km / h.
• Thrust - 1h160 kN.
• The ndege rakagadzirirwa 4-awa kutiza.
• Flight Range - 760? Km.

Yak-12 nadzurudzo

ndege Model kunoratidzwa vakasununguka kushanda, saka anogona kushandiswa avhiyesheni zvikoro sezvo nomurovedzi. Kuwedzera kurovedza, zviri kukwanisa kuita mabasa zvichienderana shanduro vamwe:

• Yak-12b riri kuonekwa chete Somuenzaniso pamwe OHR kusvika 35 metres yacho yasimuka daro. The namaapuro injini vakagadzirira pamwe AI-14RF, ane vanokwanisa iri marita 300. a.
• Yak-12C - mhepo amburenzi kutakura munhu akuvara murume.
• Yak-12SKH - shanduro ndege kuti zvinangwa zvokurima. It anoita pollination manyoro dzezvimwe uye spraying kwemishonga yezvipembenene. Magadzirirwo iri nepokuongorora tangi chaiyo riri pasi fuselage.
• Yak-12R - ndege nokuda Air Force. Rinoshanda - kukurukurirana. Magadzirirwo ine injini simba AI-14P (260 l. C.). The muswe chikamu vakapakata opener - chaiyo akamedura chiredzo, izvo rikanyura panguva kumhara pamusoro lähikuva, nokuderedza mileage kwayo.

nokuti kuvandudza

Wokutanga chaizvo mumwe ichaongororwa kuvakwa ndege Yak-12. Ndege wokuenzanisira mune nadzurudzo A ndavhiyiwa kuchinja nguva:

• Mapapiro vakatodzidza trapezoidal chimiro uye vakanga vakagadzirira pamwe slats kuitika chete canting.
• Mafuta tangi: kuwedzera kukura.
• Chassis kusimbiswa.
• Helm vakawana nyanga chimiro.
• Cockpit. By frontal uye divi PANE zviyero kuvandudza maonero. A chinokosha kuvandudza kabhini kunyaradzwa kwakakonzerwa pakushandisa nyoro nedehwe upholstery. The zvinobvumidzwa uremu kuti aigona kumutsa Yak-12a, aiva 1588 makirogiramu. Nokuda zvachinja ndege yacho bapiro yekudyidzana akavandudzika aerodynamics, vakawedzera nokukurumidza 30 km / hr uye kutiza siyana.

zvimwe kuvandudzika

Ivo akabata rwemberi fuselage uye Kureba muchina.

• Yak-12M yakawedzera kusvika 9 mamita.
• Magadzirirwo wakatangwa uye kupera forkil opener.
• Front chassis mberi fuselage uye bapiro vanofamba Pamativi simbi yanyatsosimba.
• Hydraulic kuturika chakatsiva rabha.
• Imba yemapuranga dzakachinjwa Yak-12 rakagadzirirwa vanhu vatatu.

kuchinja chii dzakaitwa?

Nokuda zvachinja ndege yakanga akaderedzwa:

• For zvokurima basa. Unogona kuisa zvinokosha midziyo kwemaawa maviri ari muchina kugadzirwa.
• Kuti aite zvinetso zvoutano. Paiva nzvimbo yaikwana, kunze vezvikepe maviri, mumwe chiremba uye vakuvadzwa.
• Kuti aite kudzidzisa akasvetuka. Zvikurukuru akatasva rworudyi rwechikepe footrest Kunoderedza dambudziko iri.

Ndege nokuti Soviet Air Force

Yak-12R vakavhiyiwa neDare Soviet Air Force ave mutauri uye motokari. Kuti izvi zvidaro, muenzaniso akanga nepokuongorora injini simba AI-14P (260 l. C.), Uye sikuruwa-VISH 539L-11. Wood kuvanga chikatsiviwa duralumin. Kuti uderedze urefu munzira pamusoro unpaved nomunzvimbo dzine kusvika 50 metres Yak-12R akabvisa braking nebadza iyo kare dzakagara pamberi mavhiri ari shure. The kabhini yakagadzirwa vanhu vatatu. Ndege uremu yakasvika 912 makirogiramu.

Trainer vERSION

In mangwanani 1959 vagadziri veSoviet akatanga kugadzirwa ndege Simulator Yak-12 UT. Chinangwa chacho chaiva chokudzidzisa vezvikepe muchiuto vaite kumhara pamusoro zviridzwa. Kuti izvi zviitike, kabhini yave vakapakata:

• Wakaisa wechipiri, vachibvumira zvose kumhanya ndege injini Yak-12 UT, uye nokuita ruoko uye rutsoka chidhiraivho.
• Radio kambasi AREKA-5.
• Zvakawanda akaisawo Cap-48 midziyo izvo vakaita kumhara bofu.
• Marker mugamuchiri MRP-48.
• Radio altimeter RV-2.
• HSC-1500 jenareta. With zvaitika Eenhede michina.

bvunzo

Muna 1950, Yak-12 kwakaedzwa muna WT GC NIIVVS uye inokurudzirwa kuti kutiza zvikoro Air Force sezvo anobudirira Simulator kuti mutyairi wendege kunodzidziswa. Panguva pokuperevedza vaizivikanwa:

• 1700 kumukira paminiti mashizha akaratidza simba mhepo simba remagetsi GSK-1500.
• The kanyanga wakashandiswa kukwana vachikwanisa - mugamuchiri anenge chete aishanda nokukwirira isingadariki 1850 mamita.
• The siyana chinongedzo raiva 160? Km. Zvakanga zvisina kukwana, sezvo Commission akaisa mberi zvinodiwa dzinenge 180 metres.

Pashure bvunzo June akanga nominated muna October wegore iroro zvakare. Mushure completions of Yak-12 akanga vakagadzirira pamwe UT:

• hwindimiri WA-5 iyo inozivikanwa nokuchinja kukwirira kwenzwi pamusoro mashizha panguva kutiza;
• Wakaisa T-chimiro kanyanga aishanda zvinobudirira chero nekukwirira.

Muna 1952, ndege iyi yakabudirira vakapfuura muedzo itsva. Kunyange zvakadaro, hapana magwaro hariwaniki sezvo Yak-12 UT.

Utsanana mharidzo ndege

Yak-12C 1948 kusunungurwa anonzi utsanana shanduro ndege iri dzino. Magadzirirwo iri ndege muchina akanga dzakashandisa kutakura murwere. Kuruboshwe divi bead vari akaronga pakamubhedha. Hapana mamwe kuchinja Yak-12 haana kuitwa. Blank ndege vakayera 852 makirogiramu uye anokwanisa kukurira mutoro kusvika 380 makirogiramu. Waibatanidzwa chaiyo michina uremu, izvo vakasvika 22 makirogiramu. Yak-12S zvifambiswe ezvokurapa netsapo anosvika 175 makirogiramu uye parameters yayo kupfuura 2C.

Ita ndege nemaoko avo

With anodiwa zvinhu, unogona kugadzira Yak-12 kubva mukaravhani potolochki (sirin'i Tile extrusion kuti polystyrene). In pamberi anodiwa zvishandiso uye kupembedza zvikamu kukurira basa iri hakusi nyore.

Zvinhu, midziyo uye handingadariki zvikamu

Kushanda zvinodiwa nezvinhu zvakadai;

• potolochka Ukobvu 0.5 cm;
• rinokosha guruu nokuti sirin'i usina kukonekita;
• 10 Rine mamiririta sirinji;
• multi-mavara tepi;
• waya dhayamita 0.1 cm;
• A4 mapepa.

Tools zvaida:

• sandara puranga, riri nyore kuti ishande;
• Stationery banga;
• mita mutsetse;
• Emery.

Parts:

• ari electric motor haidereri pane 1100 RPM;
• mumwe bhatiri 12 volts;
• mumwe hwindimiri.

Tanga. Kushanda vanodhirowa

Usati watanga, unofanira kuva pfungwa sei uchifarira RC ndege Yak-12. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti zvinodiwa vanodhirowa. vanodhirowa akadhindwa kubva zvivanakire inofanira kupiwa Serial nhamba. Zvadaro vari yaora maererano nhamba on sandara penyika.

Kugadzirwa mashoko nokuda chigadzirwa

Pahwaro vanodhirowa, unogona mberi kusvika excision ari zvakakodzera zvikamu. Zvakanaka, kana chinhu chine vazhinji kururamisa mitsetse. Muchiitiko chino, zviri vaiona nyore.

Kushanda mifananidzo yakadaro vachada tsono. Kurishandisa, punctures yakarongwa ose pamakona. Zvadaro, mutsetse wakaiswa kubva ponji kuenda pedyo Stationery banga yakagadzirwa bepa slits. Ivo akaurayiwa kutevedzana chero mufananidzo hauna kuumbwa kugadzirira zvakakwana gluing chikamu remangwana ndege. With Bonding kwavo kunokosha rekuona kuti hakupesani kukura uye geometry yacho muenzaniso ramangwana.

Pepa roga zvingakonzera zvisingakoshi mamwe mativi kuti dzinoda kuzovauraya. Somugumisiro, zvimedu marongerwo anofanira Zvakanakisa pamwechete nomumwe. pashure chete kuti achibatsirwa sirinji anogona kuitwa kwokuva kwavo.

gungano

• Kana paungano chigadzirwa zvinokosha nechokwadi kuti kurutivi akanga laminated kuchivanze chikamu.
• An chinokosha anonzi abvume saizi akavezwa zvikamu pamwe kukura kuti ane rechargeable bhatiri - zvingava kupfuura waronga mufananidzo. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti aite kuyerwa pamwechete nomubati.
• Nokuti vakasimba chokuedza chinhu chinodiwa kushandisa hoko, kana mutevedzeri mitoro.
• inogona kushandiswa achiumburuka pamusoro chubhu paumbwe kwaida vanobwembura.
• Zvadaro, mukuru chokuedza pamwe kunyorera zvikamu Yak-12. Radio raitungamirirwa womuenzaniso ndege, apo nendege runowanzotaurwa nezvarwo kuderedza vachida achisimbisa mamiriro.
• Ita nhare mukugadzira mishonga kuchabatsira chisimbiso tepi.
• akataura nemitsipa waya nokuti vakaiisa pamusoro servos.
• Motorama, wakaiswa injini inofanira kugadzirwa dzakaonda plywood. Nokuti zviri nyore zvikuru kuti varibatanidze screws.
• Pasina chimedu plywood ringashandiswawo mapurasitiki, aruminiyamu kana furo. The chikuru ndechokuti mashoko aiva nyore. Hazvina chinodiwa kuti uremu muenzaniso wakaita magiramu hapana zvinopfuura 600.
• Kushanda chigadzirwa inokurudzirwa kuti vachikanda ake.
• Planting anofanira kuitwa kutanga mudumbu ndege uri nyoro pamusoro. Nokuti chinangwa ichi optionally kuiswa pamusoro vhiri kugadzirwa.

Arasikirwe Ford Focus 3008 Pegout kana kuenzana mutengo ndege zvisikwa akafanana Yak-12. Photography dzinongoda pazasi anomirira zvinhu zvayo kunze zvakagadzirwa. Asi zvinofanira kudzoswa kuti okunatsiridza yakabereka zvakasiyana.

Munguva yedu, iyo Yak-12 anonzi husiri nyore kuwana. Rinogona kuwanikwa vateresi ose avhiyesheni michina.