Ndege magadzirirwo. patani zvinhu. The namaapuro A321 ndege

ndege magadzirirwo kukanganisa zvikuru kutyaira kwake, zvekushandisa uye aerodynamic unongotaura. Kugadzirwa of ndege akabvumira kuita incredible budiriro iri kukwira kukurira rebei. Funga zvinhu uye maitiro zvinobhururuka muchina.

Zvenyaya ndege mamiriro

Pazasi mazita chikuru zvikamu, izvo vanoumba ruzhinji aircrafts ano:

• The chikuru mutumbi ndege (fuselage). It anoshanda nokuti maererano kupinda rimwe chinoumba, namapapiro, powertrain uye chassis zvimwewo zvinhu. Zvayaiva mukati fuselage nokuda kabhini rikarira, nhumbi uye mutakurwi mupanda.
• Reactive kana mureza Motors simba, zvichiguma kufamba nendege.
• Bapiro - zvizere kuti inoshanda kudzikamisa chikwata uye nokusika chikwidzo.
• Nokuti BALANCInG uye kutsiga iri vertically wehunyambiri muswe.
• Horizontal muswe ndiye anokonzera kutonga uye Kudzikamiswa zviri muchina iri longitudinal chikamu.
• kuzvidzora hurongwa.
• Zvimwe zvakazosvika.

Feathering

The klassiske pamasikiro ndege iri muswe runozivisa vazhinji muhondo uye zvavo shanduro. Pazano ichi, kuti chinjikira muswe stabilizer rine yatarwa uye ane chinjika erevheta.

The stabilizer nokuti kutsiga ndege hama kuti transverse akabatana. Kana achideredza mhino yacho ndege muswe chikamu pamwe plumage zvokudya kumusoro. Nezvenyaya iyi, mhepo kubuda nevamwe rokumusoro mupanda pamusoro stabilizer inowedzerawo. Vakasikwa mutoro rinodzokera stabilizer pamwechete fuselage iri kutsvakwa nzvimbo.

The midziyo uyewo unosanganisira rwemberi wehunyambiri muswe. It rine yakamisirwa Kufananidzira (keel) uye akaruramisa vakasunungura. The musimboti zvakafanana ungano matanho chinjikira analoginen chete hunyambiri ndege.

Ndege magadzirirwo rinopa kutsiga chikwata mu ndege mbiri. The longitudinal urongwa chendangariro kutsiga bapiro Panel pane akafanorongerwa akachinjikana pakureva mumwe, nokuda «V» tsamba mhando.

anotonga

In ndege kuvaka zvinokosha kudzora hukawanika. The erevheta iri chinjwa shure stabilizer maatomu akafanana. Kana raiva pedyo nebundu iri vakapakata peya inonyaradza, uye dzakasunga zvokudzoresa chikepe vachava maviri. Vari synchronously vakatsauka pasi kana kumusoro, kubatsira kushandura kureba imwe giraidha kutiza.

Aileron - a chinjwa chikamu bapiro pemapuranga. Vanobvumira here kudzikamisa ndege hama kuti longitudinal akabatana. Basa zvinhu rinoitwa synchronously, Kutsauka nechimwe chikamu kunoitika kwakasiyana-siyana.

Vakasunungura chinhu chikamu chinoshanda keel anoshanda kudzikamisa wehunyambiri chikwata. Kutenderera ari negwara kubva kutungamirirwa gozvo kunoitika kusvikira nguva yakadai mutyairi haridzokeri kuti mudhiraivho kune kwazvakarerekera nzvimbo.

Motor nezvimwe nehurongwa

Kutofunga ndege vakapakata-siyana injini. Ndivo mhosva yakatarwa nokukurumidza uye panowanikwa chikwidzo. The Motors anogona kuiswa pamberi ndege, kumashure uye pamapapiro.

Hunokamukana simba miriwo sezvinotevera:

• Jet injini - zvinosanganisira kaviri pulsing chikwata pamwe ndege turbine.
• Screw - nechipiriso pisitoni mienzaniso uye zvakasiyana kunzwisisa zviri turbine.
• Rocket injini - imvura kana hwakasimba mukuru-nokukurumidza nadzurudzo.

By akatakura Zvivako ndege anosanganisira nhamba yenhengo. The chassis ndiye anokonzera yasimuka uye achiwana motokari pamusoro runway airfields. Amphibians akashandisa rakasiyana the-floats, vachibvumira muchina kuti ushande mvura kana chando.

Pamasikiro ndege A-321

chiratidzazvizhinji ichi ndicho chikamu chikuru mumiriri Airbus airliners muchiso. The ndege iri nepokuongorora mazhinji fuselage, wakakwirira mufananidzo mutakurwi chinzvimbo. Vamwe okunatsiridza yakajairika dzino vari mienzaniso miviri: A231-100 pamwe yakaderera ndege siyana zvichienzaniswa vezera, uye A321-200 ane mamwe mafuta tangi uye Motors simba.

Uwandu akabudisa murayiro zviuru ndege pefiyumu ichi. Serial Kugadzirwa motokari mberi panguva ino. Model anosangana zvose zvaidiwa mitemo uye ane tarisiro yakanaka yose musika pamwe Airbus.

A321 ndege Magadzirirwo nyore uye zvakajeka. mukati makadirwa vanenge 200 vanhu. The cruising kumhanya ndege - 900 km / h, uye kufadza kutora-kure nourefu - 10.5? Km. In dungwerungwe ichi dzinosiyana vanenge zviuru 4,3 makiromita.

Zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira

Pakati A321 ndege magadzirirwo zvakanakira anogona kutaurwa zvinotevera:

• The muchina ine mukuru azvipire inzwi kuputira.
• The mudziyo ane akanaka anonyaradza nokuda vashandi uye vatakurwi.
• Wakapamhama uye vakasununguka yokutandarira.
• Hunoshamisa hwokuvaka parameters.

Pakati zvikanganiso akataura zvinhu:

• A ikakuruma yakatopfuura zvekushandisa mubatanidzwa, zvichienzaniswa ichangoburwa dzimwe yokutevedzera.
• Limited uchishandisa nezvaanogona.

Ndege Design A-321 inopa zvigaro zvivako, izvo riri zvidimbu zvina pamusara. Vane hwomutambarakede upamhi, matehwe Trim, yakavakwa muna airbags. Yokutandarira inopa nzira yokubudisa kuti makombiyuta, uyewo mamwe Amenities maererano mutakurwi nyaradzo.

kupatsanura

By kugadzwa ndege rakakamurwa masangano uye uto mazano. Huru zvikamu wokutanga musimboti nepokuongorora mufambi kana nhumbi mupanda. Ivo kutidyira menyika yacho fuselage nzvimbo.

Types vasiri rwisana ndege:

1. Local kutakura. Kuwanda kwavo ndege iri pakati maviri gumi nezviviri makiromita, uye muchikwata intercontinental Unokunda vanopfuura zviuru 11 km.
2. Cargo zvokushambadzira vari rakakamurwa munyoro, mwero uye yakanyanya boka. Zvichienderana zvinodiwa, vanokwanisa kutakura 10 kusvika 40 matani nhumbi.
3. Special aircrafts. Kushandiswa utsanana, zvokurima, ubanguranyika, moto-kurwa zvinangwa, uyewo zvemuchadenga dzakabatana.
4. Training nadzurudzo.

Military zvakasiyana havana wakasununguka mukati midziyo yakadai. The chikuru Chikamu fuselage kuchengeta zvombo hurongwa, njere zvokushandisa, zvombo uye anokosha anobatsira. A weboka hondo gliders kubudikidza mukirasi: muchiuto-chokufambisa womuenzaniso, vanodzima, kurwiswa ndege, Ndege, ushori.

The midziyo ndege kunobva aerodynamic redunhu, naro vari aumba. It kunoratidzwa vanoverengeka zvinokosha uye urongwa kutsigira hukawanika. Kana mumhino ndege iri vazhinji yakafanana yokutevedzera, iyo nzvimbo uye geometry wamapapiro, muswe chinogona siyana zvikuru.

Pamugumo

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti ndege AN, ane zvakagadzirwa kunotoreva dzekare design, zvinowanzoshandiswa mutakurwi uye zvinhu mhepo chokufambisa. Kazhinji, pane zvirongwa aircrafts akawanda namano. Pakati pavo:

1. Classical patani.
2. Nyorai "ichibhururuka bapiro".
3. Tandem patani.
4. Nadzurudzo of "Dhadha".
5. Convertible uye zvabatanidzwa zano.
6. "Tailless".

Pakati wakasiyana nadzurudzo marongerwo nodes riri Motors, kunze, yasimuka / kumhara musimboti, uyewo nokukurumidza uye kukwanisa parameters.