Ikakuruma - a chairema mashoko

Ikakuruma - chiyero uwandu mashoko. Klod Shennon zvinganaka kushandisa vachitova izwi muna 1948 kureva chairema mashoko. Zvino tichakurukura nhoroondo uye zviri pfungwa zvizere.

Chii

Kana isu nezvazvo sei shanduro shoko "ikakuruma", chii ichi pfungwa, uye chii ayo kwakatangira, tinofanira kutaura kuti Chirungu okuti binary digit, umo akatanga izwi rinobva Chirungu uye zvinoreva binary nhamba. Uyezve, pane nhema mumwe shoko mutambo. Ikakuruma - chimedu kana PARTICIPLE.

Kana isu funga kuti rimwe zvishoma iri binary Mubumbiro anogona kutora tsika mbiri chete, izvo zviri kungoreva chete: hongu / kwete, 1/0, isu tiwane imwe tsananguro. Saka zvishoma - ndicho uwandu mashoko anoita kuti zvibvire kuti zvakajeka kupindura mubvunzo wakabvunzwa hurongwa. Mune zvemagetsi, mumwe ikakuruma anoenderana imwe binary pafiripi-chips on whitekuva ine mbiri akatsiga inoti.

mhando

Saka, tinogona kugumisa kuti rimwe ikakuruma - chikwata akaenzana imwe chete digit mune binary nhamba hurongwa. 2 Implementation zvinobvira mumuviri mumwe chete binary digit. Rakatumbuka Bit kunosanganisira kushandisa rimwe goho riri binary chihuri, sezvamakaropafadzwa razero pamwero kungareva chiratidzo "0", uye pazvinobvira mhosva redunhu.

Zvadaro, mukuru pamwero ndiye anokonzera Mureza "1" uye wakazara serviceability kwemutariri. Biphase matomu kunosanganisira kuposha munhu binary chihuri outputs. Kana kushanda redunhu rimwe nhanho mbiri mukuru, wechipiri - Low. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mukuru pamwero vose conductors, uye pasi vaviri tambo inoratidza mhosva redunhu.

date chinja

Kana isu kutaura kombiyuta sainzi, uyewo network ine date yedzimudzangara, pane kazhinji tsika razero uye mumwe vakayambuka siyana kwevari voltage kana kuitika. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mumunda muzvigadzirwa kombiyuta, kunyanya kana totaura mitemo uye mapepa, shoko "ikakuruma" rinoshandiswa kakawanda nenzira yokureva "binary digit". Sezvineiwo, analoginen kuti nematomhu kuti quantum makombiyuta kuva qubit (Q-matomu).

byte

The akagadzirwa mashoko ari kombiyuta, zvinosanganisira 8 matomu, inonzi byte. Kuti 8-ikakuruma kumiririrwa kuumba hwaro vamwe vatambi, semuenzaniso tsamba "A". Uyewo, ukoshi ichi kunoita kuti kushanda binary svomhu. Mune mamwe mazwi, mumwe byte ndiwo murayiro matomu kuti runoenzanirana chinhu mune imwe faira.

Muchiitiko chino, mumwe nomumwe byte ane yakasiyana kero iri PC ndangariro. Bits vane bytes kunge rinosvika 0-7 uye vanoonekwa kodzero kuruboshwe. Somuenzaniso, kana tiri kushandisa zvishoma nhamba 76543210, mutengo wayo ndiye 01000001, uye issuance pamusoro aidhinda mashoko remitemo zvichabviswa vanowanika tsamba dzose "A".

Zvinofanira kusimbiswa kuti uwandu matomu re rimwe byte Zvinoshamisa. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kana chikwata anotendeukira kuna byte, ndicho pachake macheki kombiyuta, uye kana nhamba nematomhu iri kunyange zvaisanganisira, kuti hurongwa anoshuma kukanganisa. Kana parity kukanganisa, unogona yakakonzerwa Hardware kutadza kana kuva anongoitika chakajairika, asi izvi zvinoitika chaizvo kashoma.

Kana processing mashoko ari oga kombiyuta achishandisa zvigadzirwa nematunhu akawanda magetsi nomunhu. nematunhu kwakadaro ine anokosha conductors, uye magedhi pfungwa, saka akadana zvemagetsi microdevices. Panguva nomunhu vanopfuura nepamagedhi, anokwanisa "akadzimwa". Pamusana date ichi chinogadzirwa. In mhedziso, kamwe zvakare kuyeuka kuti zvishoma - ndiko, kupfuura zvose, dukuduku vakasvimha mashoko, izvo tinenge kudzidza zvishoma zvikuru.