Sei Server Virtualization?

Munguva ichangopfuura, vanozvishandisa vangangoramba kunzwa mafungiro aya sezvo anenge "Virtualization." Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kushandiswa kwayo - zviri inotonhorera uye ano. Asi izvozvo hazvina mushandisi ose kunyatsonzwisisa zviri Virtualization vakawanda uye zvikuru. Ngatiedzei anojekesa mubvunzo uyu uye kubata pamusoro hurongwa Server Virtualization. Nhasi, ruzivo aya mberi, sezvo vane mikana yakawanda panyaya vakachengeteka uye maererano chourongwa.

Chii Virtualization?

Ngatitange pamwe nyore - tsanangudzo rokuti unorondedzera Virtualization pachayo. Tinoona pakarepo kuti Indaneti anogona kuwana uye kukopa chero bhuku nezvenyaya Directory se "Server Virtualization nokuda Dummies» PDF-format. Asi kudzidza zvinhu untrained User vangasangana kujeka tsanangudzo dzakawanda. Naizvozvo tichaedza kutsanangura musimboti wokuti, saka kutaura, neminwe.

Chokutanga, kana tichifunga Server Virtualization michina ichanyanya pamusoro kwokutanga pfungwa. Chii Virtualization? Zvichitevera nyore zvisingarambiki, hazvina kuoma zvokufungidzira kuti ichi izwi rinotsanangura nokuumba Simulator (kufananidzwa) chaiyo kana-software chikamu. Mune mamwe manzwi, ndiye - dyidzana (rakapotsa) womuenzaniso kuti haapo chaizvoizvo. Zvisinei, pane nuances.

The Mhando chikuru Virtualization michina uye kushandiswa

Chokwadi chokuti pfungwa Virtualization, pane nzvimbo huru nhatu:

• kubvuma;
• mafomu;
• servers.

Kuti tinzwisise muenzaniso kupfuura nyore yaizova kushandisa inonzi Terminal Servers, izvo zvinopa vanoshandisa avo pachavo kadambari zvinhu. chirongwa The mushandisi iri vaiurayirwa kure Server, uye inodzidzisa anoona chete mugumisiro. Izvi kunoderedza hurongwa zvinodiwa kuti aishandisa chinouraya ane configuration iri usashanda uye havagoni kukurira kupiwa Masvomhu.

For mafomu michina yakadaro anoshandiswawo nevakawanda. Somuenzaniso, zvingava Virtualization Server 1C. Musimboti kwacho iri ndechokuti chirongwa iri kumhanya pachigadziko chemwenje-woga Server, uye kukwanisa nayo anogamuchira vakawanda kure vanoshandisa. The-software update pasuru anoitwa kubva chete tsime, tisingatauri soro nenhanho kuchengeteka yose yezvinhu.

Pakupedzisira, Mwari akaronga kuti pave vatambi kadambari ezvinhu, imwe Server Virtualization iyo inodzokorora configuration chaicho "simbi" dzomuzana. Zvinorevei izvi? Saka kuti, kubudikidza uye yakakura, musi iwoyo kombiyuta, wagadzira vokuwedzera, ndiani kushanda nguva chaiyo, sokunge zvakavapo chokwadi (Server Virtualization ichakurukurwa muudzame gare gare).

Muchiitiko chino, hazvina basa kuti uchishandisa hurongwa mhando achange iiswe neimwe chirwere chakadai. By uye huru huru (hondo) uchishandisa hurongwa uye rakapotsa muchina kuti hazvina kushanda. Izvi zvakafanana kubata makombiyuta nedzimwe anodawo enyika pamusoro yomunharaunda network, asi muchiitiko chino, ari rakapotsa zviteshi hazvigoni chokuita nomumwe.

Pakusarudza midziyo

Mumwe pachena uye pachena zvakanakira chaivo servers ndiko kuderedza zvinhu mari nokuda kwoUmambo ane zvakazara-software uye Hardware marongerwo. Somuenzaniso, kune zvirongwa zviviri, izvo nokuti zvakajairika kushanda zvinoda 128 MB vaRami asi havagoni iiswe pamusoro chete chaiko Server. Zvokuita panyaya iyi? Unogona kutenga zviviri zvakaparadzana Server pamusoro 128 MB uye dzishandise navo vachiravana, asi iwe unogona kutenga imwe chete 128 MB kuti "RAM" kuumba zviviri rakapotsa servers uye kuisa zvikumbiro zviviri pamusoro pavo.

Kana munhu asati kunzwisiswa, kana yechipiri, kushandiswa RAM zvichava zvikuru kodzera uye zvinhu mari vari yekudyidzana kudzika pane vanotenga vaviri vakaparadzana namano. Asi ichi hachisi zvose.

Zvakanakira kuchengeteka

Kazhinji, asi Server mamiriro pachayo anotora kuvapo apparatuses anoverengeka nokuita mamwe mabasa. Maererano kuchengeteka, maitiro vezvinhu kuisa Active Directory achazoburuka controllers uye Indaneti yhdyskäytävä hakusi chete, asi servers zvakasiyana.

Kana nechitarisiko kupindira kuedza kurwisa yokutanga nguva dzose pasi pasuo. Kana Server iri akagadzawo uye mumwe achazoburuka controller, zvichida chaizvo kukuvara AD Database. Kana zviito chinangwa izvi zvose zvinogona mutore nemhomho. Uye kudzorera date kubva negadziriro yeparutivi - zvakadaro ravakwa unotambudza, kunyange zvinotora zvishoma nguva.

Kana isu kutaura nyaya kubva mhiri, zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti Server Virtualization unokubvumira circumvent kurambidzwa installation, uyewo nokukurumidza nokudzosazve kutsvakwa configuration, nokuti negadziriro yeparutivi anochengeterwa rakapotsa muchina pachayo. Zvisinei, sezvazvakanyorwa vakatenda Server Virtualization pamwe Windows Server (Hyper-V) mu kumiririrwa ichi anotaridzika kuvimbika.

Uyezve, zvikuru debatable kutyora. Somuenzaniso, nokuti Windows Server 2008 Standard anonyaradza mhanya mumwe chete rakapotsa muchina panguva Enterprise - mana, uye Datacenter - zvose risingaperi (uye kunyange makopi).

Kutarisirwa nyaya

Zvakanakira wakadaro yokutaura, tisingatauri kuchengeteka uye yokuderedza mari, kunyange kana akaita Server Virtualization pamwe Windows Server panzvimbo yokutanga inofanira kuongorora hurongwa vakuru vari mubasa basa michina izvi kana Lan.

Kakawanda chigumbuso kusikwa negadziriro yeparutivi hurongwa. Kazhinji, kana ukaronga negadziriro yeparutivi kunoda yechitatu-party software, uye kuverenga kubva Manyiminya vezvenhau kana kunyange kubva padandemutande anotora nguva refu zvichienzaniswa kumhanya ari dhisiki subsystem. Cloning of server kuti rakapotsa muchina inogona kuitwa chete vaviri the clicks, uye ipapo nokukurumidza dhipuroya handiyo gadziriro kunyange "wakachena" simbi, pashure pacho achashanda flawlessly.

The VMWare vSphere Server Virtualization unokubvumira uye ungachengetedza vanonzi rakapotsa muchina Snapshots pacharo (Snapshots), izvo dzinokosha mifananidzo yake mamiriro chero kupiwa nguva. Vanogona kumiririrwa mumuti chivakwa iri muchina. Saka, kudzorera rakapotsa muchina kushanda nyore zvikuru. Zvinokwanisika pamadiro kusarudza kudzosera pfungwa achifinyamisa kure hurumende shure uye mberi (Windows-hurongwa akadaro anogona chete hope).

Server Virtualization Software

Kana isu kutaura pamusoro Software ndiwo akawandisa mafomu ungashandisa kusika rakapotsa michina. In nyore nyaya, rinoshandisa yayo nzira Windows-hurongwa, kuburikidza rinogona kuitwa Server Virtualization (Hyper-V - pakuvara zvinoriumba).

Zvisinei, ruzivo urwu ane zvimwe payakaipira, saka vazhinji vanosarudza Software Mabhokisi kufanana WMware, VirtualBox, QUEMI kana MS Virtual PC. Kunyange zvazvo mazita mafomu aya uye nenheyo siyana kushanda haana kumbosiyana kwavari (kunze mamwe mashoko uye nuances). With dzimwe shanduro mafomu zvinogona kuitwa, uye Virtualization pamusoro Linux servers, asi hurongwa izvi hazvina ngarira zvakadzama sezvo tine ruzhinji vanoshandisa vachiri kushandisa Windows.

Server Virtualization musi Windows: nyore kugadzirisa

Tiine Windows shanduro wechinomwe nguva mbudo zvakaitika pakuvara chazvo, rinonzi Hyper-V, izvo zvakaita kuti tikwanise kusika rakapotsa michina zvaunazvo maitiro pasina kushandisa yechitatu-party software.

Kufanana chimwe chikumbiro, kwakadaro pamwero ari pasuru iyi, unogona kuchinja remangwana iri rakapotsa muchina, achiratidza zvakaoma ngarurege saizi, RAM saizi, kuvapo Manyiminya ngarurege, hunokwanisa zvechadenga hwakajeka kana inzwi Chip - muchidimbu, zvose kuti pane zviri "simbi" kwakajairika inouraya Server.

Asi pano zvakafanira kuti kuteerera kwebasa rinofanira module. Virtualization Hyper-V Server hazvigoni pasina kwebasa rinofanira chikamu ichi muna Windows pachayo yakaitwa.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, ungafanira nezvokupindira uye activation kuti zvakakodzera Michina rutsigiro ari Bios.

Kushandiswa wechitatu-party Software

Zvisinei, kunyange zvazvo nzira iyo anogona kuitwa Virtualization pamusoro Windows-hurongwa servers, nyanzvi dzakawanda zvemichina ichi mashoma basa uye kunyange kunyanyokwidziridzwa zvakaoma. Zviri nyore zvikuru kuti kushandisa akagadzirira akagadzirwa chigadzirwa kuti zviito akafanana anoteererwa kwakavakirwa otomatiki kusarudzwa kubva parameters, uye rakapotsa muchina ane zvakawanda zvavanogona uye mukana wokushandiswa kutarisira, kugadzira uye kushandisa.

Ndicho kushandiswa vakadaro Software zvigadzirwa, akadai Oracle VirtualBox, VMWare Workstation (VMWare vSphere) uye vamwe. Somuenzaniso, VMWare Server Virtualization zvinogona yakawanikwa kuti rakapotsa muchina kwakaitwa analogues makombiyuta vakavhiyiwa yoga (tisingatungamirirwi). Kwakadaro hurongwa zvinogona kushandiswa kwemasayendisiti kudzidza, kuidzwa upi software, etc.

Sezvineiwo, wakaparadzaniswa chinogona kuzivikanwa kuti kana kuedza software, kunyange zvirongwa utachiwana nemavhairasi rinogona kushandiswa rakapotsa muchina zvakatipoteredza, izvo tigokuzivisai chiito chete pamusoro muenzi. On huru (hondo) uchishandisa hurongwa haina kukanganiswa chero nzira.

Kana muitiro pakusika kombiyuta mukati muchina muna VMWare vSphere Server Virtualization, uyewo muna Hyper-V, unoitwa pachishandiswa yacho "Masters", asi kana iwe enzanisa zvemichina ichi pamwe Windows anotsanangura hurongwa, zvichiitika rerukei nokuti chirongwa pachayo inogona kupa kuti template mutsa kana vapiwa ngaaverenge aida parameters zveramangwana yacho pakombiyuta.

The chikuru zvazvakashatira Virtual Servers

Asi pasinei akawanda kunobatsirei kupa chete magumo User kana sysadmin Server Virtualization, mapurogiramu aya, pane zvimwe zvinokosha zvainovhiringidzawo.

Chekutanga, musoro apa havagoni kusvetuka. Kureva rakapotsa muchina achashandisa pfuma rwomuviri Server (kombiyuta), uye kwete zvakazara, uye ari kunyatsoteerera shoma papi. Saka, rakapotsa muchina kushanda zvakanaka, kutanga configuration kuti "simbi" vanofanira kuva simba zvakakwana. Ukuwo, kutenga Server simba vacharamba buda zvizhinji isingadhuri pane kutenga akawanda yakaderera configuration.

Chechipiri, kunyange zvazvo iri vaidavira kuti vakawanda servers inogona clustered, uye kana mumwe wavo anogona 'kuzununguswa' kune umwe chete Hyper-V, hazvibviri kuzadzisa. Uye sokunge pachena chinetso ndiyo nyaya mhosva shiviriro.

Chechitatu, pachena panyaya richabva munzvimbo rakapotsa nzvimbo kana Database-nyanyisa gadziriro akadai Mailbox Server, Exchange Server, etc. Panyaya iyi, pachena chinovhiringidza chichachengetwa.

Chechina, chete rakapotsa zvinoriumba hazvigoni kushandiswa yakarurama kushanda kwezvivako izvi. Zvikurukuru, rinoshanda Domain controllers - mumwechete wavo anofanira hazvo kuva "simbi" uye pakutanga kuwanika padandemutande.

Pakupedzisira, fifthly, Server Virtualization hwakazara imwe ngozi: Kurambwa rwomuviri hondo uye hondo uchishandisa hurongwa kuchaita kunotoreva kuti otomatiki shutdown vose vanosonganirana zvinoriumba. Izvi - vanonzi chete pfungwa kukundikana.

pfupiso

Kunyange zvakadaro, pasinei zvimwe zvikanganiso, zvakanakira michina yakadaro zvakajeka zvikuru. Kana tikatarisa mubvunzo kuti sei Server Virtualization, pane dzakawanda chikuru zvinhu:

• kuderedza "simbi" midziyo;
• zvinoderedza Kupisa nounzenza uye simba rakawanda;
• rutapudzo zvinhu mari, kusanganisira kutenga zvokushandisa, kubhadhara magetsi, kutenga marezinesi;
• gadzirisa kuvariritira uye adhimini;
• mukana "yokutama" pamusoro uchishandisa maitiro uye servers pachavo.

Chaizvoizvo, zvakanakira kushandisa michina iyi zvakawanda. Kunyange zvazvo zvingaita kuti vamwe zvakakomba zvikanganiso pamwe zvakakodzera sangano rose kwezvivako uye harnessing anodiwa chidhiraivho nhamo isina kushanda munyaya dzakawanda panowanikwa ezvinhu akadaro kunogona kudziviswa.

Pakupedzisira, nokuti vazhinji, mubvunzo unoramba pakusarudza Software uye hunoshanda Implementation kuti Virtualization. Asi pane nani kutsvaka rubatsiro rwenyanzvi, nekuti pamberi pedu pane iyi zvainyatsokonzerwa kumubvunzo vakawanda sumo Virtualization uye feasibility kuti pakutevedzera hurongwa pachayo.