Chii chaiva chikuru mutakuri mashoko muIjipiti? Kunyora uye ruzivo nevaIjipiti

Kuberekwa Egyptian kunyora riri panoperera IV chemakore BC. Hwaro yayo vakafunga kufungidzira kunyora, apo chinhu chose kana pfungwa wakapiwa pachishandiswa mufananidzo. Mahwendefa evhu, mipumburu yenhokwe, dombo zvinyorwa - ichi ndicho zvose zvave chikuru mutakuri mashoko muIjipiti, uye muduku pamwero yasvika mazuva edu. Strange Simplified vanodhirowa masayendisiti anonzi vatambi, uye pacharo kunyora ezvinhu inonzi yekare. Bhuku "History of Ancient World, Grade 5" chete vakawanda sei ichi anonakidza musoro. On chidzoke, kufambiswa kunyora yekare vekuIjipiti uye gare gare kuedza decrypt akaudzwa munyaya ino.

zviratidzo naMwari

VaEgipita vaidavira kuti chimiro ose - matsvene sezvo kunyora achidzidzisa muIjipiti One - mwari uchenjeri. Tsamba yacho inonzi "mduentr" - "Shoko raMwari". Figure mufananidzo kweshoko - chikuru chinhu chakanga huru mutakuri mashoko muIjipiti. The hieroglyphs wokutanga, masayendisiti akawana pamasvingo pamakuva, temberi, uye shongwe pamusoro sarcophagi - ose zvivako zvikuru avo, rakacherwa pabwe, iyo vaburukira dzazvino.

By mid-II zviuru BC. VaIjipiti vaishandisa paainyora anenge 700 vatambi, kunyange makore chiuru nhamba yavo yawedzera zviuru zvinoverengeka. Vazhinji vacho - kungotadza chifananidzo rinoratidza vavanotonga. Dzimwe nguva chiratidzo aigona kunan'anura mabhii - iyi, shoko rimwe chete rakanyorwa pamusoro tsamba dzakawanda vatambi. Egyptian Zodiac zvakawanda - zvakafanana kwakajeka kunogona kupiwa zvakasiyana vatambi. Kukosha shoko kunogona kutaurwa ne chaiwo vanodhirowa - determiners. zviratidzo zvakadai regai kunongedzera shoko uye anorevei akanatswa. Saka, zvakanyorwa kare pana tsamba zvisiri pachena, manzwiro uye mifananidzo kuti zvaizova zvakaoma kuratidza zvimwe. Zvose zvakanga mutakuri mashoko muIjipiti, akafukidza neketani zvinoshamisa, inoshamisa vanotaurwa.

Kusavapo mavhawero

Vatambi nokuti mabhii, anoratidza chete emakonzonendi ari mabhii. Nzvanyira tsamba mutsamba havana rakaiswa. Nyaya iyi ndiwo maitiro zvose mitauro yekare uye yemazuva ano - somuenzaniso, tsamba Arabic uyewo haashandisi mavhawero. Saka, mashoko chaiwo transcription (kuridza) shoko vachiri ndisingazikamwi nesu, uye namashoko chete Egyptian anogona kuverengwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana transcription, zvichienderana kunobva kushandiswa.

Kunyora uye kuziva vaEgipita zvinowanzoshandiswa yaitonga Umambo New. Kukura kutengeserana, nokusimbaradza wehurumende simba kwakatungamirira kuti chidzoke imwe mhando itsva kunyora, umo akaparadzana zviratidzo akatanga kunyora pamwe, akabatanidza kupinda imwe hunhu. Kuti kuverenga uye nyora zvava nyore, uye mhando itsva mavanga masayendisiti anonzi Demonica - tsamba yenyika.

How kudzidzisa kunyora

Zvikoro muIjipiti yekare vaiva kazhinji pazvavovo. machinda akapa vanakomana kuzvikoro makore mashanu kana matanhatu. vanyori Future vakatorwa kubva paimba chingwa uye chake rewaini, uye akaenda ose zuva kudzidza sei vadzidzi vose ano.

Chokutanga, mwana akadzidziswa kuti kuverenga uye kunyora. Papyrus ndiye zvinhu zvinodhura zvakare, uye haana kubvumira vadzidzi. Vadzidzi vakaedza kunyora pamusoro yakabwinyiswa mahwendefa reraimu yabuda mu muchitokisi uye siyana. Mahwendefa aya zvaishandiswa chete zvinangwa sezvo ano kemabhuku chikoro. Musi mubvunzo chii chaiva chikuru mutakuri mashoko muIjipiti, tinogona kupa mhinduro iyi: ose "notibhuku" kuti akararama kusvikira nhasi, kuva akavimbika zivo pamusoro padanho nokudzidziswa uye dzidzo munyika ino.

Kuwedzera kuverenga uye kunyora, vadzidzi vakadzidza zvakadzama unyanzvi, nhoroondo, jogirafi, kuvadzidzisa mitemo nesayenzi zvechiuto uye rwokugadzira.

Panopera kosi yacho mudzidzi akakura Sciences mutemo anokosha enhokwe. Egypt aiva mumwe chikuru Vagadziri yenhokwe munyika yekare, uye chinonyanya kukosha pachena magwaro nyika ino dzakararama mune kusimba mipumburu. Saka, hurukuro kwemashoko machira uyu jaya anokosha zvaireva kuti candidature wake pambiru vakagadzirira ngatikurukurei wehurumende. Mukutonga nounyanzvi ruoko munyori nenhokwe akafukidzwa neshongwe hieroglyphs, uye runako rwezuva shongedza namavara inopenya.

akanganwa tsamba

Zvave anenge zviuru zviviri zvemakore kubva ichatonga zvine mbiri muIjipiti yekare. The nyika akauya pasi nesimba simba hweRoma. Emperor Feodosy ndazonzwa AD rwunopera okupedzisira temberi Osiris uye Amoni. VaEgipita yagara rakashandiswa mumutauro weCoptic, izvo ayo sezvamunoita yakasiyana chaizvo nomutauro yavekare, sokushandiswa tsamba tsamba echiGiriki. Zvose zvakanga huru mutakuri mashoko muIjipiti, yakanga chete wokumwe, zvekare uye hapana dzinonakidza rarities. Seven emakore yokutongwa vaGiriki uye vaRoma raiva zvakakwana tsika huru havasisipo. Vazivi vechiGiriki vaifarira chitendero reIjipiti uye uzivi, asi pasina ruzivo achinyora mashoko ndakadzidzawo kuva sketchy uye asingafungi. yezvechitendero Christian Kliment Aleksandriysky achiri kuwanikwa nguva apo vaEgipita vakakwanisa kuverenga vatambi, akapa rondedzero pfupi zviri kunyora uye kuverenga dzimwe zviratidzo, asi havana hanya kutiudza pamusoro zvinoitwa chikumbiro chavo. By kuparara zvakavanzika Egyptian kunyora akaedza uye Ages vakachenjera uye vazivi Chinese. Uye chete XIX remakore nayo akakwanisa kusimudza chifukidzo pachivande pamusoro chakavanzika hieroglyphs.

Rosetta ibwe

Munguva Egyptian rwendo Napoleon vake, Captain Bouchard akawana pedyo Rosetta ibwe duku dzasara chinyorwa mumitauro mitatu yekare. Masayendisiti akasvika pakugumisa kuti chiGiriki, Roman uye zvinyorwa zvevaIjipiti vanotaura nokuonga vapristi, wakabudiswa Ptolemy Epiphanes, uye magwaro aya vanotova mumwe chete mashoko mumitauro. Rosetta Stone akapa zvakasimbisa kududzirwa Egyptian kunyora rimwe French musayendisiti, nyanzvi uye muongorori wezvaiitika kuIjipiti anonzi Jean Francois Shompolon. basa rake vanoda "A pfupi gadzira pamusoro hieroglyphic ezvinhu vaIjipiti vekare, kana kuti kudzidza zvinhu tsamba," chamuita kuti kuvapo Sayenzi Egyptology.

mhedziso

Lime Notebooks vadzidzi, yenhokwe ehurumende vanyori mashoko pabwe uye machena izvo vapristi yakashongedzwa temberi dzavo, vaiva hwaro pakudzidza muIjipiti yekare. Egyptology nhasi - iri sainzi, zvaakapiwa mhinduro dzemibvunzo yakawanda pamusoro mabhuku, tsika, zvematongerwo enyika uye upenyu hwezuva nezuva weIjipiti yekare; nokufambira mberi mune zvesayenzi vari mubumbiro redzidziso "History of Ancient World, Grade 5". Vadzidzi chikoro chesekondari nhasi, mumwe zvidzidzo shoma vanogona kudzidza zvakawanda avo, pamusoro izvo vavhiringidzika pfungwa huru kare.