Interesting zvinhu pamusoro mabhuku. History mabhuku. Wokutanga akadhindwa bhuku

Reading Unowedzera pfungwa, rinoita uropi vachishingairira, anobvumira kutiza matambudziko zvezuva nezuva uye vanopedza nguva mate. Zvose izvi haisi remakore rokutanga vanhu kuzivikanwa. Chii pane zvimwe zvinofadza zvinenge mabhuku? Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu inopiwa munyaya ino.

Interesting zvinhu pamusoro mabhuku

Priss Papyrus - zvikuru bhuku rekare, nenzira inoshamisa vakachengetedzwa nanhasi. ave muvambi akasika basa rake shure mumakore 3350 Kristu asati. Nhoroondo bhuku rinoratidza kuti akawanikwa mutaundi Thebes, waiva mumwe mapiramidhi.

Chakatishamisa nyaya inobaya munyori, ndiyewo afarire vagere ano. Priss mubasa rake inokurukura kurwisana zvizvarwa. The musiki bhuku rekare chema uipi ouduku akararama panguva. Iye anotuka vakomana nevasikana vari usimbe uye nokushaiwa dzidzo, ibasa navo zvakaipa siyana. Nhasi, enhokwe muridzi National Library, iri kuParis.

"Diamond Sutra"

Zvinokosha uye zvinofadza zvine chokuita wokutanga bhuku akadhindwa. Kwakadaro vaiona "Diamond Sutra" - the Indian basa, akashandurirwa Chinese. Chinese Van Chi vataipa rondedzero musi May 11, makore 868.

An bhuku chinoshamisa iri mupumburu rine machira orugwaro matanhatu. Uyewo pane Pepa achiita zvokutemera, iyo unoratidza Buddha. Zvinozivikanwa kuti musi pakusikwa mabasa Chinese mhizha akashanda kwenguva yakareba. Stamps-mabhii vakaitwa tenzi nevhu, ipapo aipisira kushandisa chaiyo hovhoni. Kakawanda aifanira kuzodzosera kutanga kusikwa zvibhakera, asi Van Chi akaratidza mikukutu murume. Paper kuti yamira munhu Chinese, akanga yakasimba uye paukobvu, sezvo akatsvaka zvachose Kuchengetedzwa rake rinonzi.

Kugadzirwa Kudhinda

Zvinozivikanwa kuti vakatanga zvokudhinda riri German Johannes Gutenberg, zvakaitika kumativi 1445. Gutenberg akasika kwete chete venhau, asi chiwanikwa rinoshandiswa kusika tsamba, foundry muchina yakadhindwa, aigona kupetwa Fonts. Uyewo kuti chikwereti chake kukura zvikuru zvaitwa nemutoo ingi.

Gutenberg Bible - rokutanga akadhindwa bhuku, akasikwa kubudikidza shasha reGermany iri. Izvi zvakaitika anenge makore 50 remakore rechigumi nemashanu. Ndivo nguva apo chechi ine zvakawanda simba. Hazvishamisi kuti anenge chetatu incunabula vose vakazvipira chitendero. Vaparidzi vokutanga vakatsvaka vakawanda makopi - paavhareji, paiva mazana matatu. Mumakore iwayo, mabhuku vachiri asipo zita peji yacho. Information pamusoro munyori, musoro, gore bhuku, uye zvichingodaro vakabayira pakupedzisira. Chete pakupera remakore rechi15, mashoko aya dzawanika papeji yokutanga.

"Mupositora" - wokutanga akadhindwa bhuku, rakabudiswa muna muRussia, mashoko ndiwo achiripo kusvikira nhasi. Kuti rukudzo runobva printmaker Ivan Fedorov, anogara muMoscow. Zvinozivikanwa kuti basa pamunda uyu yakapedzwa muna 1564. makopi makumi mashanu hwakawanda huripo, vanoonekwa rarities. Regai kutonga kubva kuvapo mabhuku akabudiswa asati chiitiko ichi.

The kupfuura bhuku murefu

zvichida The Bible ndiyo murefu kubudiswa munyika, aburukira mazuva edu. Bhuku renhoroondo rinoti muna 303 BC, mambo Diocletian akarayira kuuraya nhengo dzose dzemhuri, kana Bhaibheri riri yakawanikwa mumba. Muna 1229 kurambidzwa kuverenga basa iri vanhuwo akanga rinorambidzwa Toulouse Cathedral. Muna 1793, basa mukurwa akatungamirira hurumende yeFrance kuti bhuku dzvene, waitsigira "umambo chikonzero." vanhu vaya vasingadi kusiya kutenda kwavo, pasi rufu runorwadza. Chakatishamisa chirevo dzakapfuura makore mana.

Chiizve unogona rinotiudzei nezvoUmambo Bhaibheri? Somuenzaniso, unofanira kuziva kuti hapana bhuku avo kuti ati aripo, akanga asingakwanisi kudzokorora mukurumbira wayo. chigadzirwa ichi anoshandisa nguva refu kudiwa anopfuura zviuru zviviri zvemakore. Imwe ongororo muna 2013 kwakaratidza kuti Bhaibheri yakabudiswa muna 2056 pamusoro mitauro, uye vose, hakuna zviuru hapana anopfuura matatu.

The Bible - munhu chigadzirwa kwete chete murefu, asiwo rouprofita. Masayendisiti anoti kuva chaiyoiyo pamusoro 3 zviuru uprofita huri muMagwaro.

Pamusoro mumaraibhurari

Chokwadi, pane zvimwe zvinoshamisa zvine chokuita mabhuku kuti kutifadza vaverengi. Somuenzaniso, mumazuva ekare mabhuku hwakaratidza pamusoro echiShinto mukati kumidzi. Izvi zvakanga zvakakodzera nokuti kuti Midzi mabasa havana kusiyana takatsiga. Kana vari kubatwa achirasika, vakabva kure, zvichiita mumabhuku akapararira.

emakore anoverengeka akapfuura, kuverenga kwakanga chitandadzo zvinodhura, uye zvakanga kuwanika chete vanhu vakapfuma. Books vakanga varipo munzvimbo mumaraibhurari, zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti kuba. Kudzivirira Mavhoriyamu zvinokosha vaishandisa ngetani refu yavakanga vasiyana echiShinto.

Hazvishamisi kuti "bookworms" - hazvina chete vanhu vakanga vasingagoni kufungidzira upenyu pasina kuverenga. Tumbuyu, kuparadza bhuku iriko.

The guru

Hamungaendi pasina kuteerera uye zvinofadza zvine chokuita mabhuku nevana. Zviri kumuduku vaverengi uye kwawakananga basa "The guru bhuku munyika vana." The brainchild of kuzivisa imba "John" akauya chiedza muna 2004. Length chishamiso vhoriyamu ane mamita matanhatu, nenzvimbo yakaita mamita matatu. Enzanisa zvakaenzana ndiye avhareji nzvimbo mufurati duku. Pfungwa uye uremu mabhuku, chine 492 makirogiramu. Rine nhetembo nevanhu vakakurumbira vanyori Russian varipo uye mavara mifananidzo.

Kare, mamiriro bhuku guru munyika ine "Superbook", yakabudiswa Denver muna 1976. Volume uremu iri 252 makirogiramu, anohupa "bhuku pakukura nyika nokuda nendumure" uye maererano noukuru.

The duku

bhuku duku chaizvo munyika uye anoonekwa kuva chigadzirwa kuti rakagadzirirwa vana. Zviri pamusoro rungano "Old King Cole", rakabudiswa muna 1985. Chaizvo kutanga kukura vhoriyamu chisingazivi zvinopfuura millimeter akaenzana. Zviri pachena kuti kuverenga nyaya pasina chinokosha michina hazvibviri. In zvachose mune 85 makopi "Old King Cole".

hukuru Similar ndemamwe mabhuku kuiswawo pakati pemazita ari duku vhoriyamu munyika. Somuenzaniso, Constitution wokuFrance, reShanduro Koran, Chirungu Dictionary, rine vanenge 12 zviuru mashoko.

zvinoshamisa muunganidzwa

Chokwadi, zvinonakidza zvinhu pamusoro mabhuku regai kugumira ipapo. Hazvina chakavanzika havagoni chete kuverenga, asi kuunganidza. Amazing muunganidzwa vakaungana nokuda Italian Rio Kozelli. Uyu murume anoda kutenga zvose zvikuru hakunakidzi munyika basa uye akatotanga kubudirira pachena kubudirira mumunda uyu. musha wake muunganidzwa ine makopi anopfuura zviuru gumi. Ngano rinoti nyanduri-muruzi vakaedza kuzviuraya paakati dzaakasika zvose varipo vari Kozell muunganidzwa.

muunganidzwa wemabhuku unganidzwa munzira dzakasiyana, varidzi kutenga kwavari, kuwana nhaka kana chipo. Nzira inonyanya yepakutanga akasarudzwa Steven Blumberg, uyo chete kuba isingawanzowanikwi mabasa. It Vakawana kuti raibhurari vakaunganidza tsotsi, raiva makopi anenge 23 zviuru. Vakanga vanobirwa vanenge 268 mumaraibhurari. Mari muunganidzwa uyu anenge $ 20 miriyoni. Dawo chimwe Bloomberg raibhurari yakanga kugadzirira chinhu. Vaiita kunyange kupinda muchivako kubudikidza erevheta mugodhi, uye kushandisa kufefetedza hurongwa.

nhasi

Chii tinofanira kuyeuka zvinonakidza zvine chokuita mabhuku ano? Ongororo dzakaratidza kuti vazhinji nevashanyi kuzvitoro zvemabhuku - vanhu vanotova vachinge vafamba pachikumbaridzo ramakumi mana okuberekwa. Uye vakawanda vakawanda ichi chakagadzirwa Fair pabonde.

Interesting zvinhu pamusoro mabhuku zvinoratidza kuti mazuvano dzakakurumbira chaizvo audiobook. vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti vakanga afunga murume aida kudzishandisa kutsigira vanhu mapofu uye nemaziso vasingadzoreki. Kudiwa zvemagetsi mabhuku rave zvafanotaurwa kare sixties remakore rapfuura, kuti rukudzo runobva kuna vanyori renyaya.

Masayendisiti vanoti vafarire muverengi yakananga chigadzirwa inotanga kuramba kana awana kune namasere peji. Zvisinei, pane bhuku kuti vachiri kuverenga kusvika pakuguma. It ane nokuvuka title: ". Bhuku, zvisingagone kuziva" The brainchild pamusoro Argentine kutsikisa chaizvo zvakanakisisa kuverenga pakarepo. Zvikasadaro, mukati memwedzi miviri ingi zvichapfuura, ipapo muverengi vachafanira kuyemura kunyorwa mapeji.

Chiizve unofanira kuziva

Ndezvipi zvimwe zvinonakidza zvinhu pamusoro mabhuku unogona kutaura? Bhuku, chine zvikuru zvinoshamisa munyika rokuremekedza, yakabudiswa muna 1633 muLondon. Title kwete chete zvinosanganisira 45 mitsetse, asi Kunoumbwa panenge zvachose kuti expletives. Tiri kutaura dzinonetsa basa yemitambo, naizvozvo, Header rine kero hondo vatambi uye directors.