VeMubatanidzwa earufabheti muna kuFenikiya (Age)

Izvi ekare rava kutokanganwa, nekuti nyika zvishoma yasara pamakwara avo. Asi, akanyatsosiyana nayo mararamiro kare, akatsunga kukura nemagariro nesayenzi kwemazana emakore anoverengeka kuuya. VeMubatanidzwa earufabheti muna kuFenikiya kunoonekwa sechinhu chikuru budiriro duku, asi simba kwazvo nguva yake ari mugungwa simba. Asi zvinhu zvokutanga pakutanga.

Location Map

Sezvo aizivikanwa dzakawanda, akaonekwa earufabheti muna kuFenikiya. Asi pano ndipo nyika ichi havazivi zvose. Ancient budiriro inogarwa chiduku kanyika munyika pamwe rokumabvazuva pamhenderekedzo Mediterranean. nyika yake akagurwa akabviswa navamwe Lebanese makomo, izvo zvinenge anouya pedyo nemvura. Kana tikaenzanisa reFenikiya mamiriro nevamwe dzomunyika yose yekare - Mesopotamia, Egypt, Persia, Girisi, uye Roma, zvinoita sokuti kuva midget chaiye. Asi vagari vayo ndokuenda zvengarava vose yeMediterranean. Zvikepe Its zvifambiswe inokosha chinokosha, uye vashambadziri pachavo arohwe kugamuchira akawanda mumizinda. Yakanga isiri kurongwa panowanikwa nemabhii kuFenikiya. Pashure rokuzvidavirira nokuti zvinodiwa vakarongeka uye nyore hurongwa.

VaFenikiya - vanoita?

Nhasi zvinozivikanwa kuti tega earufabheti muna kuFenikiya. Kana akazviratidza - zvakanaka zvakakwana akadzidza mubvunzo. Asi pano vaiva vagari mamiriro mugungwa - vanyori venhau handizivi. madzitateguru avo vaigara munyika idzi sezvo mangwanani ezana remakore rechitatu BC. Zvisinei, hurumende sezvo vakadaro havana, paiva maguta umo upenyu chipatapata. Ivo pachavo nezita raJehovha kugarwa (tiriytsy, navaZidhoni), uye akataurawo kuti musha wavo ndiyo nyika yeKenani. mutauro oukuru, pedyo Arabic ano, mutauro wekare avaAsiria, Akkadians, vaIjipiti, aiva amai vavo.

Maererano zhinji vanyori vekare, kwaiva vokuFenikiya neezviwi muGulf. musha wemadzitateguru avo, ivo pamwe vakasiya pakupera kwemireniyumu chechina BC. Panguva ino, vanochera matongo kutakura zvisaririra yebudiriro dzavo paMhenderekedzo yeMediterranean wokutanga.

nyika zita

Earufabheti akazviratidza kuFenikiya mumakore okutanga, panguva mambakwedza yebudiriro kwevanhu. Hazvina arufabheti yavo, yaiva tsamba chete makumi maviri, akava kumumvuri kunyora enyika zvenyika yekare. Zvinofadza kuti pane shanduro dzakawanda kwakabva zita mamiriro. Chokutanga - rakajairika, anoti kuFenikiya rinoshandurwa kubva muchiGiriki se "Country ruvara." Rakanga mined isingawanzowanikwi dhayi machira anodhura pano. Asi zita anogona kushandurwa zvakare se "The Land of Phoenix", mumwe nakisisa chisikwa kuti anogona unoberekwazve kubva madota. Phoenix akazviratidza kumabvazuva, kwaaigara vokuFenikiya. The shanduro wechitatu - kupfuura fungidzira. Maererano naye, hurumende zita rinobva pashoko muIjipiti zvichireva muvaki zvikepe.

Sezvo vaFenikiya akararama

Earufabheti muna kuFenikiya akazviratidza nemashanu-namatatu remakore BC. Uye kusvikira panguva iyoyo, vanhu vaigara yakaorera uye inobereka. Kunyange zvazvo zvakanga duku, zvinokwanisika kuti kukura maonde, maorivhi, mazambiringa, maberekero mombe nemakwai. Pakanga pasina chikonzero artificially unodiridzwa nevhu, sezvo mvura kasingaperi akadiridza. Gungwa akapa hove uye nezvimwe zvisikwa pasi pemvura. Hazvishamisi, ari pakati III chemakore BC. e. musha muduku akakura muguta. Remasangano vaiva Byblos, Arwad, Tire, Ugarit, Sidhoni, Lagish. Vanenge vose takapoteredzwa nemasvingo akakura, uye nechepakati chikamu itemberi uye navabati veimba. Munhuwo VaFenikiya vaigara mumatumba duku nevhu kana chidhinha. Mumigwagwa vakanga rehabilitated mumwe abudise rakadzika.

Earufabheti muna kuFenikiya (13-15 remakore BC. E.) Wakauya zvikuru gare gare. Asi kunyange panguva iyoyo, vanhu vomuguta akanzwa kushaya nzvimbo. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, vakatanga akadurura chakagadzirwa Dam, pakukoka chitsuwa, akavaka multi-storey dzimba. Chaizvo uye muCarthage yakavakwa - kupfuura rakakurumbira uye chikuru Colony, izvo vakakwanisa kwenguva refu kukwikwidzana Rome pacharo. Masvingo dzakapendwa sebvudzi mifananidzo geometric zvitarisiko uye RIBBONS mavara akasiyana. Rakanga dzinoratidzwa paine koridho refu uye pemarata. Of zvemumba kubva vaFenikiya vakanga yakaderera matafura nemacheya, zvipfuva makuru, flat mibhedha.

vatengesi mhiri kwemakungwa

VeMubatanidzwa earufabheti ari reFenikiya vatengesi nokuda yainakidza kutengeserana nenyika. Asi zvakanga vagere rokumabvazuva pemhenderekedzo Mediterranean? City vatsvakurudzi remakungwa akanga akapfuma chaizvo, vanochera matongo vakawana yakawanda hweizvi. Panobva reFenikiya pfuma yaiva yokutengesera: nzira Southwest Asia, kubva kumaodzanyemba vakaungana panzvimbo iyi. Zvevhu rakanga haawanzotauri zvakakwana zvokudya, asi huni kwakanga hwapararira. Asi ichi zvinhu kwave kwakakurumbira chaizvo murenje yeEgipita. Byblos akapa kumusika emisidhari, nemiouki uye nemisipiresi, izvo zvinowanzoshandiswa shipbuilding. Kubva zvinokosha matanda kugadzirwa coffins kuti kwamachinda muIjipiti uye Farao.

Vakatengesa waini, mafuta omuorivhi, uye, chokwadi, yepepuru jira. Zvikuru mhando mollusks zvikaramba dhayi kuti mavara amakwai uye nemicheka micheka iri vanokudzwa dzepepuru Hue. micheka izvi nezvaaigona chete akapfuma chaizvo vanhu. Kurimwa aiva akakura kuti haana kukwana munharaunda yabereka micheka. Saka, navatengesi zvakachipa zvinhu (unpainted) muna Fenikiya, uye pano watova dzoserwa uye rokuchinja. Uyewo mune kudiwa zvibereko omunzvimbo nyanzvi dzokugadzira nesirivha, nendarira uye girazi. Uye vakaperekedza nhume zvokutengeserana pakati kumabvazuva nokumavirira.

zvinyorwa zvekare: shanduro mavambo

Saka, earufabheti muna kuFenikiya. Kana akazviratidza, hatina kare kutaurwa. Asi masayendisiti dzinobvumirana kuti pfungwa kuti pane chaitova wekare arufabheti, iyo akashanda sehwaro vokuFenikiya. Vanouti West-oukuru kana protosinayskim, asi saka kure, ino haina deciphered.

Yokutanga Zvinyorwa chinoitwa reFenikiya kunyora hurongwa, ainyorwa regumi namatatu remakore BC, nguva pfupi asati kutanga Trojan War. Kana uchitenda vaongorori, vagari kuFenikiya akaita Category zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana sayenzi, uye vari kuita uzivi, mabhuku uye nhoroondo. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti vakawanda mabasa avo kunge arasika, uye kuti achiripo chete zvishomanana diki uye prices muzvinyorwa nevanyori vekare.

Panewo mazano kuti earufabheti muna kuFenikiya (anofungidzirwa musi Pazvinotanga) rinobva muIjipiti hieroglyphs. Vaikwanisa kuuya muKenani vaJudha pavakadzoka kubva pakutapwa wenyika vanaFarao. Zvichida vaiva chikamu vemo kuti akanga asiri musungwa, uye akaramba ari kumba. Ndiani anoziva?

maitiro Features

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, pakuonekwa earufabheti muna kuFenikiya kwakakonzerwa zvinodiwa kwenzanga. Zvino isu nezvoUmambo maitiro uye mamiriro ayo. The vokuFenikiya vakashandisa nheyo nzvanyira kuti yakanyorwa papepa chete nemavara. Mavhawero asina kunyorwa, uye funga kuburikidza muverengi, vachisiya akapoteredza. Rakanyorwa kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi.

In yayo kukura, dzinyore vokuFenikiya vekare akapfuura zvinhanho zvitatu budiriro:

• Origin kana Phoenician kubvira inception earufabheti (hafu wechipiri mumireniyamu yechipiri BC) kuti kukunda nyika Aleksandrom Makedonskim.
• Puniysky nguva rinotanga kubva nguva nechigadziko muCarthage (9. BC. Oe) uye rinopera kuparadzwa nevaRoma.
• Novopuniysky, iyo kusvikira muzana remakore rechishanu AD.

Alphabet zvishoma nezvishoma ochinja chiratidzo kune epigraphic kurzive. Panguva iyo tsamba miforo uye kujekesa, kuwana chokupedzisira chimiro.

Nebudiriro vokuFenikiya

VeMubatanidzwa earufabheti muna kuFenikiya - hazvisi zvose nebudiriro vomunzvimbo. It vaiona yakaonekwa kuti ndeyechokwadi yokuti yaiva vafambisi kubva wehurumende iyi yokutanga woita Africa. Swimming Zvakatora makore anodarika matatu. vafambi First vakasvika paGungwa Dzvuku, skirted ari Black Continent uye akaenda Gibraltar. Ivo makasimbisa zvokutengeserana pakati East uye West, nheyo zvomumvura webasa. Uye chaizvo nguva.