Chii vari akaturikidzana Pasi iripo? Mazita uye maitiro enyika anoshongwa

Sechivako yedu haisi yunifomu. Mumwe ine akaturikidzana anoverengeka, kusanganisira zvikukutu uye zvokunwa membranes. Sei anonzi akaturikidzana Pasi? vazhinji vavo sei? Sei vakasiyana mumwe? Ngatimbotaurei zvazviri.

Sezvo akaturikidzana Pasi aumba?

Pakati mapuraneti pano (Mars, Venus, Mercury) Nyika ine kupfuura uremu, dhayamita uye arambe achirema. It yakaumbwa anenge makore mabhiriyoni 4,5 akapfuura. Maererano neimwe shanduro, nyika yedu, uyewo vamwe, aumba kubva nezvimedu duku kuti yakabuda mushure Big Bang.

Ngwanda, huruva uye gasi vakatanga coalesce pasi pokudzora regiravhiti uye akava idenderedzwa chimiro. Proto akanga dzvuku inopisa zvakasimba uye yakarukutika akawira pamusoro paro mamineral simbi. Denser zvinhu vakaburukira panyika wacho pakati, zvishoma gobvu vakakwira kuimba yapamusoro.

Saizvozvo wakaonekera akaturikidzana wekutanga Earth - chinoumba uye nejasi. Pamwe chete navo, uye paiva remagineti. Pamusoro jasi iri zvishoma dzaserera uye zvemapuranga firimu, iro akazova kuhukura. Pakupfuura iri nyika inotungamirwa aisava magumo, pfungwa, vanoramba nhasi.

Magasi uye Inotubuka jasi nguva akaputsa kunze kuburikidza rinotsemuka nepakati cortex. weathering yavo chikuru kuumbwa mhepo. Zvadaro, pamwe hydrogen nehelium, yakanga yakawanda carbon dioxide. Mvura, maererano imwe shanduro, akaonekwa gare gare condensation echando zvakaunzwa asteroids uye comets.

moyo

Earth akaturikidzana akauya makirisito jasi uye kuhukura. Vakasiyana ehupfumi dzavo. Nyika iri pakati core. It vakadzidza zvishoma pane mamwe wrappers, uye mashoko ose ndiro, kunyange tsvakurudzo, asi vachiri zvekungofungira. The tembiricha mukati chinoumba rinosvika vanenge 10 000 madhigirii, saka kuiwana, kunyange zvakanakisisa zvemichina haisati zvinobvira.

Core nhema ari kudzika 2900 makiromita. Zvinonzi vaiona kuti rine mbiri akaturikidzana - the kwokunze uye dzakawanda. Pamwe chete vane paavhareji nharaunda ine 3.5 zviuru makiromita uye ine simbi uye nickel. Zvinofungirwa kuti makirisito ingasanganisira sarufa, nesilicon, rehydrogen, carbon, phosphorus.

Yomukati rukoko iri kwayo chakasimba ezvinhu nokuda kukuru kumanikidzwa. Ukuru nharaunda yayo zvakaenzana 70% of nharaunda chemwedzi, riri pamusoro 1200? Km. The Nechepakati ndiyo mvura. Inoitwa kwete chete nedare, asiwo sarufa okisijeni.

Nechepakati tembiricha anoda kubva 4 kusvika 6 zviuru inegumi. Urume wake yairamba ichifambira uye nokudaro kunokanganisa paNyika remagineti.

nejasi

The jasi runopoteredza chinoumba uye ndiye paavhareji dhigiri sechivako panyika. Hazvina kuwanikwa zvakananga kutsvakurudza uye vakadzidza pachishandiswa geophysical uye geochemical nzira. Zvinotora anenge 83% of nyika. Pasi pose nyanza kumuganhu aro okumusoro nhema ari kudzika anoverengeka makiromita pasi makondinendi, nhamba idzi kuwedzera 70 makiromita.

Rakakamurwa okumusoro zvikamu pakati iyo rukoko Golicina. Sezvo dzakaderera akaturikidzana ose enyika, jasi ane mukuru tembiricha - kubva 900 kusvika 4000 inegumi. The kusachinja-chinja pane viscous, kuti arambe achirema kuti kolbeletsya kwayo zvichienderana zvemakemikari kuchinja uye zvinetso.

Pamusoro Zvinoumba jasi yakaita pamaware meteorites. Rine silicates, nesilicon, magnesium, aruminiyamu, simbi, potassium, calcium, uye grospydites Carbonatites uye zvisina huri goko. Nokupesvedzera simba tembiricha iri yepazasi sandara, zvicherwa vakawanda yaora kupinda oxides nejasi.

Chokunze rukoko Nyika

Pamusoro jasi ndiye Moho, kureva muganhu pakati anoshongwa dzakasiyana makemikari anoumba. Muchikamu ichi zvizivikanwe nemichina velocity inowedzerawo nehasha. The chapamusoro rine goko paNyika.

Chokunze Chikamu goko neVadzidzi hydrosphere uye kuitika nyika. Under munyanza zviri wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose zvikuru pane ari munyika. About 3/4 kwayo mvura cover. goko mamiriro zvakafanana goko yedzimwe nyika pano uye Moon aoma. Asi chete redu rakakamurwa Continental uye Oceanic.

The Oceanic goko achiri muduku. Most chacho chinomiririrwa basaltic matombo. The rukoko ukobvu munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana penyanza kubva 5 kusvika 12 makiromita.

The Continental goko ine matatu akaturikidzana. Nechepasi vari granulites nezvimwe metamorphic matombo akadaro. Pamusoro pavo paiva girenayiti uye gneiss. Yokumusoro pamwero ine sedimentary namatombo. The Continental goko unotora kwayo Zvinoumba nezvinhu 18, kusanganisira rehydrogen, okisijeni, nesilicon, aruminiyamu, simbi, yavaibvisa uye nevamwe.

lithosphere

Imwe nzvimbo yose nenzvimbo hamvuropu iri nyika - nyika lithosphere. Kunoita pamwe akaturikidzana Pasi akadai rokumusoro jasi uye goko. Zvinonzi zvakare rinorondedzerwa so zvakaoma goko panyika. ukobvu Its ndiyo 30 makiromita 70 makiromita vakaenda kumapani mumakomo.

The lithosphere yakakamurwa kuva yakatsiga chikuva uye anozunungusa akapeta nharaunda, mativi ayo dziri mumakomo uye anoputika. The chapamusoro hwakasimba goko kuumbwa magma Hova kuti kupaza goko yacho nejasi. With lithosphere ichi une crystalline matombo.

Zviri pasi kwokunze pezvakaitwa Nyika, weathering kwakadaro. Pezvakaitwa ari jasi uye kwete kuserera vakaratidzawo kuputika uye zvizivikanwe nemichina basa, kwebasa lithospheric mahwendefa, chivakwa gomo. Izviwo, uyewo kunokanganisa nemamiriro lithosphere.