Anoputika zvenyika: Mount Merapi, Koryak, Sakurajima, Colima, Mauna Loa, reNyiragongo, Mount Rainier, Santa Maria, Santorini, Taal

Mumwe mhando dzinongoitika dzoga kuti vanhu havagoni kudzivirira kana kumisa kana masimba, munhu kuputika kuputika zvikuru ngozi. Akafanirwa kune dzose kuchinja Zvinoumba goko paNyika, uyewo nokuda kufamba kwamahwendefa zvayo. The anoputika kupfuura ngozi munyika mepu anogona kuwanikwa dzakawanda dzakasiyana-siyana nezvazvo. Izvi zvinosanganisira akadai Merapi, Santorini, Popocatepetl, Mauna Loa, Rainier, reNyiragongo, Colima, Sakurajima, Koryak, negomo papandayan, Taal, Ulawun, Santa Maria uye nevamwe vakawanda. More nezvavo uye huchakurukurwa.

Merapi

On pachitsuwa Java (Indonesia) ndiyo negomo rinoputika Merapi, ane zita rinoshandurwa kubva mutauro womunharaunda rinoreva "gomo remoto." kukwirira kwayo kuri 2914 mamita. Zvayaiva pedyo eguta rekare Yogyakarta. Basa rinoputika ichi vari pasi Fiery Pacific Rim akatanga anenge zviuru zvina apfuura. Maererano nenhamba, anenge kamwe ose makore manomwe yakakura kwemakomo kuchiitika, uye kamwe mwedzi mitanhatu ose - diki. Panguva iyoyo zvinenge zvose nguva anosvuta mabhokisi. Hazvibviri kuona chokwadi chokuti kare kwerinenge namanomwe emakore, kureva Merapi vakananga ndandanda "vakawanda anoputika zvenyika ngozi."

The mwena wakafanana nowenyika mugomba hombe yakanga vachera somugumisiro yakawanda simba simba kuputika. Inoitwa dombo hombe zvakaoma, izvo kazhinji kacho zvinobetsera vari andesite. On mawere pane akawandisa makatsemuka duku, makomba, izvo zvakanaka zvinogona kuonekwa murima kunokwana mirazvo yepepuru-yakatsvuka.

Wokupedzisira zvakakomba kuputika rinoputika ichi chakatanga muna May 2006. Kwerinenge gore richibva mwena yava akandwa kubva mamiriyoni anoverengeka cubic metres kubva dhaka Anoburukira yomunharaunda musha. Somugumisiro izvi makauraya vanhu vanopfuura zviuru chete. Mumwe yakaipisisa njodzi munhoroondo dzemabota yakatanga kusvika 1906 .. Zvadaro, nokuda akatsemuka ichi mugomo slid kupinda mupata cone. Pashure paizvozvo, paiva kuputika kukuru simba, izvo zvakaita kuti rufu yose budiriro - State Mataram, iyo yakasvika refu azvipire kukura panguva.

Santorini

Maererano Geological zveBhaibheri, rinoputika pamusoro Santorini achiri muduku uye azviratidza anenge 200,000 apfuura. Kwenguva yakareba zvakanga nemutemo dhaka izvo zvishoma nezvishoma vaunganidza munyika mwena. About 25 zviuru apfuura, dzomunyika gasi kufurirwa akapfuudza simba nedombo nekaupenyu nyoro, izvo zvaizoitawo kwakaita kuti chisimba kuputika. Mushure akazadza Caldera pamwe dhaka, iyo yakaumbwa kubva pachitsuwa rine zita iroro nhasi. Pari rinoputika pamusoro Santorini hakuna kusiyana basa. wokupedzisira chakakomba kuputika yake yakatanga kuna February 20, 1886. Pazuva iri kwakava guru kuputika, izvo, maererano zvakaona, rakabudiswa pashure, achiperekedzwa nokuda akabuda tsvuku-inopisa dhaka kubva mugungwa, uyewo chiutsi nemadota inokwira kuti nekukwirira anoverengeka zana mamita.

Popocatepetl

Popocatepetl gomo iri aizivikanwa ose mugari guru Mexico, yaiva chinhambwe chemamaira anenge mashanu makiromita kure. Chokwadi ndechokuti muMexico mune vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni gumi, mumwe nomumwe uyo anokwanisa kuona rinoputika kubva chirefu kupfuura nhurikidzwa dzakawanda uye mamita mudzimba duku, munzvimbo murombo kweguta. The shanduro yeshoko zita rake kubva mutauro Aztec rinoreva "kusvuta gomo". Panguva iyoyo mumakore gumi emakore, guru kwemakomo kubva hazvina kuitika. Chete kupota vabudiswa kubva mwena mumwe shoma dhaka nezvimedu, dota uye magasi. Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri rinoputika Popocatepetl iri watsemuka duku basa muna 1923 uye 1993. Mukuru ngozi vanhu, izvo zvakanga zvakabatana navo, kwakanga kwete zvikuru tsvuku-inopisa dhaka, asi mudslides kuti akaparadza zvose munzira kwayo. Vakanga inoumbwa kunyunguduka mazitombo echando panzvimbo dzakatenuka. Zvikuru mufaro vagari Mexico City uye aro, somugumisiro wekupedzisira kuputika kuchamhembe mawere havana kukanganiswa, saka hapana vakafa dzevanhu.

Mauna Loa

Mauna Loa une uye riri munharaunda yacho Hawaiian Islands iri nePacific Ocean. Kukwirira kwayo 4170 mamita dostikaet. The chikuru chinoratidza rinoputika ichi anonzi kuti ndicho kupfuura munyika maererano nokuwanda ichibviswa zvinhu tichifunga pemvura chikamu (vhoriyamu zvayo anenge zviuru makumi masere cubic kilometers). Kuputika simba dzakawanda achiperekedzwa akabuda akawandisa matsime dhaka. Iye vakatama kwete chete kubva mwena pacharo, asiwo laterally kuburikidza zviduku makatsemuka. Kukwirira izvi nezvitubu nguva inosvika chete kiromita. Under kuitwa mukuru tembiricha pane kuumbwa dzakawanda washington pematanho jasi marasha nenzira kwayo pasi. Maererano zvitupa, rinoputika Mauna Loa pakupedzisira yakagundika 1984. Sezvo 1912 zvachose zvaanorumbidza vari vakatevera. chinangwa chavo chikuru ndechokuti kunyevera vagari raiva nechokuita njodzi iri muchimiro kuputika kuputika. Kuti zvidaro, pano ari akanyorerwa Volcano chiteshi yose. Kuwedzera kwaari zvino unoshanda rezuva uye mumhepo Observatory.

Rainier

Mount Rainier iri 87 makiromita kubva US muguta Seattle. Ndizvo chikamu Mountains Cascade, uko nekukwirira 4392 metres ndicho chikuru yepamusoro. Pamusoro vari vaviri kuputika mwena ane dhayamita pamusoro mamita anopfuura mazana matatu. Mawere gomo akafukidzwa nechando kubva ice-akasununguka zviri akapora, uye nharaunda yacho mwena. Chikonzero ichi ndicho yakakwirira tembiricha iyo anoita pano. Havasi anoputika zvose zvenyika anozvikudza hwakasimba zera yakadaro, ine Mount Rainier. Maererano Geological zveBhaibheri, muitiro waro inotungamirwa yakatanga zviuru 840 apfuura.

Pane chikonzero chose chekufungidzira kuti nokuda kwechando uye chando pamwe zvakapwanyika aval yapfuura pano kunounza masarasara Rwako, zvichiita kumukuvadza zvakatipoteredza kunzvimbo. Nokuda chitarisiko chavo vakaparara, kwete chete vanhu, asi mhuka uye zvinomera. Naivowo nhema mukuru ngozi nhasi. Chokwadi chokuti deposits pedyo Rwako izvi musha misha yakawanda. Chimwe chinetso chakakomba ndiyo kuvapo yakawanda chando yokumusoro chikamu. Nokuda kuramba hydrothermal basa nayo kunyange zvishoma nezvishoma, asi zvakadaro simba. Maererano Vanodzidza, masayendisiti, kana paine mudflow guru, unogona kufamba kure zvakakwana kutyora kunyange uye dzimwe nzvimbo Seattle. Uyezve, anobvisa mukana kuti zvakafanana chakajairika kuchatungamirira kwaita tsunami pamusoro Lake Washington.

reNyiragongo

Kuchamhembe chikamu African State of Zimbabwe, riri mundima Mountains Virunga, ndicho yepamusoro reNyiragongo. Rinoreva mazita "chinonyanya anoputika zvenyika", inova zvinosimbisa yakajeka yokuti mumakore 130 apfuura, pamutemo 34 kwemakomo dzakasiyana simba chechetere. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vamwe vavo kwemakore. Last kuputika basa hwakanyorwa muna 2008. ReNyiragongo dhaka ane sezvamunoita iyo yakasiyana nevamwe. Chokwadi kuti rine zvakawanda Goldstone, saka zviri kwazvo Urume uye mvura. Ichi njodzi huru, nokuti velocity kuyerera rayo pamwe dzakatenuka gomo anogona kusvika padanho 100 km / h. Hazvishamisi, vagari vemisha iri pedyo zvokuti hapana mukana sei nokukurumidza kuti emit dhaka.

Volcano reNyiragongo nhema pamusoro nekukwirira 3470 metres pamusoro pegungwa. Kana gungwa aine nguo tsvuku-inopisa, zvakadzika mwena kunosiya ari chinhambwe mamita anenge 400. Maererano Masvomhu masayendisiti, rine vanenge mamiriyoni gumi cubic metres kubva dhaka. Maererano chakarurama iri kuonekwa kupfuura gungwa panyika. mabota pamwero hazvisi yakatarwa nzvimbo, uye nguva dzose dzinosiyana. Nesusu akazadza kusvikira pamusoro kokupedzisira muna 2002. Mugumisiro tsaona ichi chaiva zvachose netaundi reGoma, yaiva pedyo.

Colima

Volcano Colima iri mune Mexican ezvinhu Jalisco, kumadokero kwenyika yacho, nechokure anenge masere chete kubva kumahombekombe nePacific Ocean. Hurumende, iye anonzi kupfuura basa. An dzinonakidza chinhu ndechokuti payo unosanganisira kuputika kunzwisisa rine nenhongonya mbiri conical chimiro. Chokutanga izvi ndizvo zvinenge nguva dzose pasi chando uye chando uye ane yakatotsakatika kuputika Nevado of Colima. kukwirira kwayo kuri 4625 mamita. Yepamusoro wechipiri achisimuka 3846 metres uye kuchiri kuzivikanwa so "Volcano yoMwoto."

Crater Colima ane diki tsoka, saka hunoungana nemabota zvishoma. Panguva imwe cheteyo munhu anokudzwa pakati kwayakaita kunotungamirira ndechokuti mukati pave yakawanda kumanikidzwa, saka unopfuta jasi inopisa pamwe magasi nedota kunze kure zvakakwana, uye ichi yose muitiro afanane chipo pyrotechnic dzinoratidza. Wokupedzisira chikuru kuputika dzemabota zvakaitika makore gumi apfuura. Vabudiswa kubva mwena dzamadota vakamira ipapo ari nekukwirira anenge mashanu makiromita, uye hurumende yakasarudza pamusoro kwekanguva kubvisa imwe ugari pedyo.

Sakurajima

Sakurajima rinoputika, iri pedyo Japanese neguta Kagoshima, Zvinyorwa kuti chikamu ngozi rokutanga. Mune mamwe manzwi, zvinogona kutanga erupting chero nguva. Muna 1955 akatanga nguva dzose basa dzemabota. Panyaya iyi, pedyo vapenyu Japanese kurarama zvechigarire akagadzirira pakarepo kubvisa. Kuti vave nechokwadi kuti izvi zvinogona kuitwa nokukurumidza uye kamwe kanguva tsitsi, pamusoro Sakurajima yakaiswa rimwe Webcam, riri ichi- kuongororwa mamiriro ari mwena. Hapana vokuJapan ano havashamiswi mufambiro dzose muviri mberi sei munyika chiitiko dzinongoitika dzoga, uyewo vakawanda dzinochengeterwa. Hazvishamisi, Sakurajima, uye zvino kuonekwa mumwe vatungamiriri ndandanda "zvikuru ngozi anoputika zvenyika."

Mumwe kwemakomo kupfuura rinoputika kuti nhoroondo yacho zvakaitika muna 1924. Kudengenyeka Strong ipapo akanyevera vagari vemo kwaaizoita ngozi, saka vazhinji vavo akakwanisa kutizira ngozi kure. Yakanga pashure njodzi iyi, somugumisiro Tichitarisa Vhoriyamu dhaka akadurura kuti kunze, saka anonzi Sakura chitsuwa ikava kweItari. Chokwadi kuti akaumba nyika zambuko kuti chokuita nayo kuna Kyushu, iro riri guta Kagoshima. Nokuti mumwe zvizere gore jasi dzvuku inopisa zvishoma nezvishoma akadurura kubva mwena, izvo zvakaita kuti kuwedzera uriri pamwero. Masayendisiti zvinoratidza kuti iri Caldera huru rakaumbwa pasi pokudzora zvakafanana pezvakaitwa kuti kwakaitika makore anopfuura chiuru makumi maviri apfuura.

Koryak rinoputika

Mumwe mukuru zvinokwezva havasi chete Kamchatka Peninsula, asi yose Russia, runoonekwa kuva rinoputika Koryak. Ndiye soro (3456 metres) vari muboka, uyewo mumwe akanaka kwazvo. Gomo rine chimiro chaiwo zvakanaka cône, saka inogona zvakanaka kunzi chaiwo mumiririri stratovolcanoes. Modern, zvikuru kashoma kushanda, kuti mwena iri kumadokero chikamu. Ane kudzika izvo zvakaenzana mamita 24 chete. tomu Ancient, akazadza zvino imwe rechando, riri kuchamhembe.

The chikuru chepfungwa Koryak rinoputika zvino vaiona kwayakaita yakaderera. In zvinyorwa, pane chete kuyeuka kwemakomo ake maviri. Vanogona zvakaoma kunzi simba, uye ivo kwakaitika muna 1895 uye 1956. Muchiitiko chokutanga, nemabota yakayerera chinyararire kubva mwena, uye izvi zviri kunyange achiperekedzwa kuputika, saka vazhinji veko hatitombozvioni chii chakaitika. Mitauro nzizi pamusoro neyemitenusirwa, dzakanga chando, kunyange kusvika tsoka, vakapona.

More kuratidza aiva nezvirwere wechipiri. Panguva nehope yake vakatora nzvimbo, achiperekedzwa dzakatevedzana zvakaramba. At megomo mitswi kukura 500 X 15 metres urefu uye yakafara, ukuwo. Kubva paiva kusunungurwa magasi, dota nezvimwe zvibereko kuputika mavambo. Papera nguva, pakakoromoka yakazadzwa gang nemarara diki. Muchiitiko chino, pane zvinogona anzwa hunhu rinonzwika panguva akafanana sniffles, nechinoridzirwa muridzo, hooting uye chinoridzirwa muridzo. An dzinonakidza kuchiitwa kuputika ichi chaiva kusavapo zvakakwana dhaka. Nhasi, ari rinoputika inogona kuonekwa akashama ziso pamwando uye magasi, kunoitika inenge nguva dzose.

pagomo papandayan

Pari pamusoro Indonesian pachitsuwa Java, pane vanenge 120 anoputika. Ingangoita muna mana ndohwechokwadi, uye saka anotakura njodzi vanhu. Kare, atova mumwe vamiririri vavo - Merapi. Mukuwedzera zvinofanira kucherechedzwa zvakare pagomo papandayan kuputika, riri kwakakurumbira chaizvo pakati vashanyi. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa nokuvapo pedyo vakawanda zvinyorwa uye madhaka geysers uye gomo hova inoyerera pamwe yakatenuka. Chokwadi chokuti ane kuporesa zvainoita muviri womunhu. tembiricha waro anenge 42 inegumi.

Rinoputika chimwe chezvinhu ngozi uye guru panyika. mwena yawo riri pamusoro pegungwa panguva imwe kukwira pamusoro 1800 mamita. Near vent chenjera siyana nesarufa magasi vari hwakakanyiwa gomo inotonhora mhute. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvakananga mwena pachayo akabata pomugwagwa. Kana Papandayana kwemakomo, wokupedzisira mumwe pano pakanga makore anopfuura gumi adarika.

Taal

Vose anoputika pamusoro redu iduku Taal, riri pamusoro makumi mashanu makiromita kubva Manila - Philippine guta. On the eponymous lake anoumba Chitsuwa imwe mhando, imwe nharaunda dzinenge 23 mativi makiromita. Hazvishamisi kuti chitarisiko chake chakanga pakurukurwa kuputika basa. Panguva kukwira 350 metres pamusoro pegungwa, riri pamusoro mwena, iyo yakaumbwa mudziva ane dhayamita makiromita maviri. 33 Kuputika Taal akasiyana simba pamwero hwakanyorwa mumakore mazana mashanu nemakore. Inonyanya kuvhiringidza vavo muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri kwakaitika muna 1911. Zvakakonzera rufu vanopfuura chiuru chimwe vanhu. Panguva imwe cheteyo gore nemadota vabudiswa hombe saizi waioneka ari chinhambwe 400 chete kubva pagomo racho. Wokupedzisira kuputika yakatanga kusvika 1965. It rakauraya vanhu vanopfuura mazana maviri.

Pasinei yakakwirira pangozi munzvimbo ino, pamhenderekedzo kwegungwa kune maguta mashanu uye nemisha duku zhinji. Zvinofanira kuzivikanwa uyewo kuvapo maviri zvinomera simba kuti dziri pedyo uye ushande. Nhengo veko seismological akatanga inongogara kuitwa akadzidza zvachinja mamiriro dzemabota kudzivirira kwemakomo izvi. Pasinei nezvose, Taal Volcano ichaongororwa chimwe chezvinhu mukurumbira nzvimbo dzinoshanyirwa kuPhilippines. Maererano wongororo nokushanyira vashanyi ake, pamusoro anopa rakasiyana maonero yakapoteredza kumaruwa, mumakungwa uye zvitsuwa. Unogona kuwana pano nechikepe kubva chero guta pamahombekombe kwegungwa.

Ulawun

Achitaura pamusoro anoputika zvikuru ngozi pamusoro redu, tinogona kukanganwa pamusoro Ulawun rinoumbwa kunonyanya kubva basalt uye andesite. It riri munharaunda Papua New Guinea ndiyo imwe avo kuti kuputika kazhinji. kukwirira kwayo kuri 2334 mamita. Mujinga gomo panguva imwe kukwira mumwe zviuru metres dzakasiyana-siyana zvinomera. Makore akawanda apfuura zvakanga zvakakwana pasi mvura. Somugumisiro kwemakomo kwakaitika pasi pemvura, rinenge nguva dzose aiva simba tsunami,. Pasi pokudzora pasi goko mitswe muna 1878. Volcano Ulawun akasimuka uye pavakatanga kuoneka kupfuura mvura.

Muna 1700, yakanga kutanga pamutemo kunyorwa kufekuka kwayo. Zvadaro, pedyo Papua New Guinea nechikepe chikepe mungarava rakanga Uilyam Dampir - anozivikanwa mufambi kubva UK. Gare gare anorondedzerwa netsamba dzake ichi chisingakanganwiki muitiro. Chimwe anozivikanwa kuputika Ulawun zvakaitika muna 1915. Zvakanga zvokuti dvenadtsatisantimetrovym paiva nemadota taundi, yaiva anenge makumi mashanu makiromita kubva kwacho. Hazvibviri kuona njodzi kwakaitika May 28, 1937, apo gobvu paiva nemadota vakagara 120 makiromita kubva mwena. Kazhinji, mumakore mazana maviri nemakore zvaitika 22 kuputika dzemabota.

Santa Maria

MuGuatemala, ndiwo mukuru aivapo stratovolcanoes Panyika. It ane mumhu 3772 metres uye pachinzvimbo kunzwisisa chivakwa. The dhayamita zvayo chikuru cône iri makiromita gumi. In rwezasi-wokumavirira materu unogona kuona pamipata dzakawanda kuti akaumbwa kuburikidza kwemakomo kare. Panyaya kunzvimbo yakatenuka yokuchamhembe, guru craters uye kuchereka havasi kure rutsoka kwayo. Kana tichitenda muchidzidza, vatsvakurudzi, anenge zviuru makumi matatu apfuura wokutanga kuputika zvakatanga kuitika.

Veko kuti zita Santa Maria rinoputika se "Gagksanul". Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti, kusvikira 24 October 1992 aikudzwa ne basa uye akakwanisa kurara kwemakore mazana mashanu. Zvisinei, nezvirwere rokutanga pashure ichi nengozi. Kuputika yakanga yakasimba zvokuti wakanzwika vagari Costa Rica, inova mazana masere chete kubva pano. Uyezve, madota akasimuka 28 makiromita dzakakwirira. Kuputika kwacho kwakauraya vanhu vanopfuura zviuru zvishanu. Uyezve, yakaparadzwa akawandisa zvivako. nharaunda yavo yose, maererano zvakataurwa muchisviniro nenyika, akaita vanopfuura zviuru 180 akaenzana makiromita. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti panguva iyoyo pakanga inozivikanwa mazibota, rinonzi Santiago.

Mumazana remakore rechimakumi maviri, dzinosvika guru matatu wakaiswa kufekuka kwayo. Uye nhasi iye anonzi imwe yenzvimbo nengozi panyika, nokuti anotinhira rakasimba kubva mwena, achiperekedzwa kusunungurwa ematani dota dombo kuputika anogona kutanga chero nguva.