Chii marasha, uyewo chii zvichinzi mined? Nyika vatungamiriri marasha migodhi

Chii marasha? Sei kuwana nayo? Ndezvipi marudzi akasiyana chicherwa ichi? Mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi dzinogona kuwanikwa nyaya yedu. Uyezve, ndipo zvaitambidzwa vatungamiriri munyika kuti ari dzokubudisa kuti marasha munyika.

Chii marasha, uye sei anogadzirwa?

Coal - rubatso chicherwa, mumwe mukuru mafuta pfuma panyika. It yakaumbwa pasi goko nokuda kwenguva kuunganidza zvasara miti yekare pasina kuwana okisijeni.

Kubatana wokutanga refu ngetani marasha Genesisi ndiyo peat. Nokufamba kwenguva, bindepinde rayo nevamwe deposits. Peat ari compressed zvishoma nezvishoma anorasikirwa unyoro uye magasi Kushandurwa kupinda marasha. Zvichienderana mwero kutendeuka uyewo kabhoni kugutsikana rakakamurwa mhando nhatu zvicherwa:

• shava marasha (kabhoni kugutsikana: 65-75%);
• marasha (75-95%);
• anthracite (pamusoro 95%).

Munyika dzokuMadokero, dzakasiyana kupatsanura. Kunewo voga lignite, graphite, bituminous marasha, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Coal iri zvikaramba kubva pasi strata iri huru nenzira mbiri:

• rakazaruka (kana matombo) kana zvibereko strata udzamu isingadariki 100 metres;
• up (rangu), apo marasha nhema zvakare yakadzika.

nzira yokutanga iri nyore zvikuru, mari yakawanda uye ngozi kubva nemaonero ari kurongwa kugadzirwa kwacho. Zvisinei, izvozvo rinoita kukuvadza chinokosha zvakatipoteredza.

Vatungamiriri venyika marasha kugadzirwa munyika

Chii hurumende nhasi iri mined marasha ari kupfuura akawanda? nyika idzi dziri dzaitaurwa tafura pazasi.

Inenge chete mamiriro achitungamirira uye marasha reserves. Zvisinei, zvishoma nenzira yakasiyana urongwa.

Nyika vatungamiriri marasha kurimwa mu Europe - vari Germany, Russia, Poland uye Ukraine. Kudeuka marasha nembiya muchikamu ichi kwenyika; Ruhr (Germany), Upper muSilesia (Poland) uye Donetsk (Ukraine).

Carbon kuredza: mibvunzo "nokuda" uye "pamusoro"

Kana marasha ari muura ikoko, wadii motora kubva ipapo? Uyu ndiwo mumwe mukuru nharo vachida kugadzirwa kwezvinhu marasha. Zvechokwadi, ndiwo mafuta kekutanga munhu akashandisa zvinangwa zvavo pachavo. Wakaitwa kuti marasha kuvonga kwemaindasitiri of XIX remakore. Combustion mumwe kilogram ose Tourism anopa murume anenge 25 MJ simba. Zvisinei, kuchena uye yakachengeteka rakaoma chaizvo kudana simba ichi ...

The vaitungamirira nyika-vatungamiriri marasha mugodhi (wokutanga gumi nevaviri) pagore zvikaramba kubva pasi pamusoro matani mabhiriyoni manomwe zvokufonongonwa mafuta. Chokwadi, kwakadaro nhamba negohwo vasakanganise zvakatipoteredza pasi pose. Zimbe, maererano vasayendisiti uye vanoona, anoita rakakura zvinonakisa kwepasi Nyika, iyo, akavapindurawo, chinokurwadzai ngozi uye nezvimwewo chaizvo nemamiriro okunze a.

Kuti Environmental kuchengeteka chinoita kumanikidza zhinji zvikuru dzakabudirira munyika kuderedza mwero marasha kuchera mundima yavo. MuEurope, zvimbambaira vakawanda vaviga mumakumi emakore achangopfuura. Zvisinei, kufarira navo zvinogona patsva sezvo Kuparadzwa pose mafuta uye gasi reserves.

Kushatiswa ezvinhu zvizivikanwe nemichina nzvimbo - nderimwe nharo simba pamusoro kushingaira marasha. Chokwadi chokuti dzokubudisa upi zvicherwa kubva pano goko pamwero hakuchaonekwi kuzviona. Munzvimbo yakabatana mumigodhi yemarasha kana zvikamu, substantially kunowedzera ngozi yokubatwa kwenyika, Madhaka nokukundikana nevanhu.

In mhedziso ...

Zvisinei, kumhanya yose marasha Kugadzirwa kuwedzera munenge 2-3% ose gore. Chokutanga, tichiregeredza nhengo makambani uye zvimbambaira US, Russia, Ukraine, India, China uye dzimwe nyika Asian.

A vaitungamirira nyika-vatungamiriri marasha kugadzirwa nhasi - vari China, USA uye India. Gore negore, ivo akapora kubva panyika vanopfuura mabhiriyoni 5 matani zvokufonongonwa mafuta.