Investment uye liquidity musungo. The mari netsika ehurumende

Liquidity musungo ndiyo ezvinhu chakarondedzerwa vamiririri chikoro Keynesian pakati dzezvoupfumi, kana mari majekiseni kupinda rwezvemabhengi hurongwa neHurumende havagoni kuderedza chimbadzo. Kuti chinhu chakaparadzana mhosva kana mari chezvawanyora isashande. Main manyuko liquidity misungo vanoonekwa kunaka nevatengi tarisiro, izvo kumanikidza vanhu kuti kuponesa zvakawanda yavanotambira. Nguva iyi dzinoratidzwa zvikwereti akanaka "pachena" pamwe anenge razero kufarira rates, izvo zvisina maturo pamusoro mutengo chechetere.

Pfungwa liquidity

Nei vakawanda vanosarudza kuchengeta mari yavo mari, pane kutenga Somuenzaniso, Real Estate? Yose ndeyokuti liquidity. izwi iri zvoupfumi rinoreva mano zvinhu nokukurumidza kutengeswa nomutengo pedyo kumusika. Absolutely emura zvinhu zviri mari. Vanogona pakarepo kutenga zvose zvamunoda. Zvishoma zvishoma liquidity vane mari mubhangi nyaya. Nechekare zvakawanda kuoma kukurira zvikwereti uye kuchengetedzeka. Kuti kutenga chinhu, vanofanira kutanga kutengesa zvakawanda. Zvino tinofanira kusarudza chii chinonyanya kukosha kwatiri: sezvo pedyo sezvo unogona kuwana pedyo yavo kumusika mutengo kana kuita zvose nokukurumidza.

Next ndiyo nhoroondo receivable, uwandu uye pakugadzira zvinhu, michina, midziyo, zvivako, zvivako, kuvakwa muna mberi. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti mari zvakavigwa pasi metiresi pamba, regai kuuya chero mari kuti muridzi. Vanongouya kundovandira ari pamapapiro. Asi chinhu chinodiwa mutengo wavo mukuru liquidity. Padanho njodzi ndiyo Proportional kuti bhuku zvichibvira purofiti zvakananga.

Chii chinonzi liquidity musungo?

The yepakutanga pfungwa chokuita Chiitiko, rakanga dzakaratidzwa pasina zvinoderedza mubereko rates kuwedzera mari wechiGeorgian. Izvi zvinopesana zvachose kuna IS-LM monetarists. Kazhinji, nechepakati mabhanga akaderedza kufarira prices nenzira iyi. Vanongotenga zvisungo paakasika itsva mutsika mari. Keynesians ona neutera akarirasa negwaro pano.

Kana pane liquidity musungo, rimwe kuwedzera bhuku mari wechiGeorgian asina zvainoita upfumi. Izvi kakawanda chokuita pasi yechimbadzo pazvisungo, somugumisiro ivo yakaenzana mari. Vagari ruchigona haana kusangana zvavo-peri kuwedzera zvinodiwa, uye kuunganidza. Izvi kakawanda chokuita kunaka tarisiro munzanga. Somuenzaniso, usiku hwokupedzisira hondo kana munguva dzenhamo.

zvinokonzera

Pakutanga mashoko Keynesian yechimurenga 1930-1940 vamiririri siyana pamusoro neoclassical mirayiridzo takaedza kurerutsa matambudziko izvi. Ivo vakati liquidity musungo hakusi uchapupu ineffectiveness usapinde negwaro. Maererano navo, wose pfungwa yokupedzisira hakusi richikwidibira mubereko prices kuti vabatsire upfumi.

Don Patinkin uye Llloyd Metzler akataura nezvokuvapo inonzi Pigou kushanda. Muchengete mari yechokwadi rave vaudzewo kuti masayendisiti, ndiko nhengo kushanda kuti uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. kudiwa zvinhu, saka zvichaita anokanganisa zvakananga inivhesitimendi munyonga. Saka, mari mutemo ungamutsa upfumi kunyange kana ari liquidity musungo. nezvoupfumi Vazhinji vanoramba kuvapo Pigou maturo, kana kutaura chisingakoshi ake.

kutsoropodzwa pfungwa

Vamwe vamiririri yeAustria School of Economics vanoramba dzidziso Keynes kwakaita liquidity zvinodiwa usapinde zvinhu. Vanoswedera pfungwa yokuti kushaya mari mune imwe nguva iri ndanyarara hangu nokuda kwayo zvakawandisa mune dzimwe nguva. Other Chikoro Economics kusiyanisa nekusagona nechepakati mabhanga kuti inotokonya National upfumi nomutengo diki nokuda zvinhu. Scott Sumner kazhinji vaipikisa pfungwa aripo izvi.

Idzva kufarira pfungwa yose mari dambudziko, kana zvimwe nezvoupfumi vaidavira kuti kugadzirisa zvinhu, tinofanira zvakananga aizomupa mari mumba.

Investment musungo

Izvi zviri raakashandisa inokurukurwa kumusoro. Investment musungo kwakunoitwa chokwadi chokuti IS mutsetse uri girafu ari zvachose perpendicular chinzvimbo. Naizvozvo, kuti LM munyonga kusuduruka havagoni kuchinja chaiye National mari. Print mari uye mari iyi nyaya maturo chose. musungo Izvi imhaka yokuti mari kudiwa kunogona zvikuru inelastic kuti chimbadzo. Bvisa nayo kushandisa "pfuma 'kushanda.

In pfungwa,

Neoclassicism aidavira kuti kuwedzera mari wedzerai vacharamba kukurudzira upfumi. Izvi imhaka yokuti vasiri paakapiwa kupfuma kamwe achaparadzwa paakapiwa. Naizvozvo, kudhinda mari dambudziko ezvinhu vachiri kuda. Izvi kwaiva tariro Bank kweJapan muna 2001, apo iye akatanga kuva mutemo "quantitative easing".

Saizvozvowo, akakurukurirana US uye dzimwe nyika dzokuEurope zviremera panguva yose zvoupfumi kuGreece. Vakaedza haana kupa pachena chikwereti uye zvakare kuderedza mubereko rates inotokonya upfumi nedzimwe nzira.

uchidzidzira

Kana vakaita kuramba tichishanda nguva kurega kunotanga muJapan, pfungwa liquidity musungo zvakare kuva kukamura uchishandisa. Kufarira rate vaiva kushanda razero. Panguva iyoyo, hapana munhu asi akanga asingazivi kuti pamusoro nguva, mabhengi mune dzimwe nyika dzokuMadokero vakabvumirana kupa $ 100 chikwereti uye idzokere imwe mari duku. Keynesians vaiona pasi asi zvakanaka mubereko prices. Zvisinei, panguva ino zuva nezvoupfumi funga liquidity musungo nokuda kuvapo zvinonzi "Tera akasununguka". The chimbadzo pamusoro zviri pedyo chaizvo razero. Saka pane liquidity musungo.

Muenzaniso ezvinhu akadaro - yose zvoupfumi kuGreece. Panguva iyi, mubereko prices pamusoro zvikwereti pfupi-izwi muUnited States uye Europe dzaiva pedyo zvikuru razero. Economist Paul Krugman akati dzakabudirira nyika iri liquidity musungo. Akataura kuti tripling nemari romugove muUnited States pakati 2008 uye 2011 hapana chinokosha zvainoita mutengo chechetere.

Vachitaura

The maonero kuti mari mutemo panguva yakaderera kufarira prices ungamutsa upfumi, yakakurumbira zvikuru. tsigira ake akadaro akakurumbira masayendisiti saPauro Krugman, Gautam Eggertsson uye Maykl Vudford. Zvisinei, Milton Friedman, muvambi monetarism, kwete kuonekwa pasi kufarira prices hakuna dambudziko. Aidavira kuti Central Bank inofanira kuwedzera nerubatsiro mari, kunyange kana vari razero.

Hurumende inofanira kuramba kutenga zvisungo. Friedman aidavira kuti nechepakati mabhanga anongogona vatengi kupedzera mari dzavo uye rinokonzera mitengo. Akashandisa muenzaniso ndege, iyo resets madhora. Households kuunganidza navo uye akaisa zvakaenzana muzvikochikari. Izvi zvinogoneka muupenyu chaihwo. Somuenzaniso, musimboti bhengi anogona zvakananga mari bhajeti dhefisiti. Ndinobvumirana maonero ichi uye Willem Buiter. Achitenda kuti zvakananga majekiseni mari anogona nguva dzose kuwedzera kudiwa uye mitengo. Saka, mari mutemo haagoni kunzi basa kunyange liquidity musungo.