High-nokukurumidza Railway kubva Moscow kuna Beijing: kuvaka, zano, magadzirirwo uye nzvimbo pamepu

Nokukurumidza mukuru-nokukurumidza njanji Moscow-Beijing kubatanidza nyika mbiri, China uye Russia. The rokutanga Mari yaidiwa kuvaka kwakafanana 1.5 tiririyoni Currencykuva, kana mabhiriyoni 242 emadhora. The Kureba enzira akaenzana 7 bude zviuru makiromita. Travel nguva kubva imwe pfungwa kuenda kune imwe achava 2 kwemazuva, uye mugwagwa ichatambanudzirwa vakaisa kuburikidza munharaunda Kazakhstan.

Minimum nguva mumugwagwa

Nhasi, China ari kushingaira kupa yayo itsva ruzivo pakuvaka njanji dzakawanda chechetere. Rimwe mabasa aya vanofanira kuva mukuru nokukurumidza njanji kubva kuMoscow Beijing. The nhau kuparadzira munyika nokukurumidza, kunyanya kana iwe funga dzaserera noukama pakati America, Europe uye Russia pavanoparidza mukakavadzane kumabvazuva muUkraine uye kuedza Russian okuzorora hunoshamisa pokuwa kumusika mafuta dzakawanda. Muna October, 2014 pakati Corporation "Chinese Railways» (China Railway Construction Corporation) uye Bazi Transport, Railways uye State Komiti China Development uye Reform Commission akasaina gwaro Kunzwisisa mumunda mukuru-nokukurumidza njanji. Chinangwa chikuru gwaro raiva kukura chirongwa mukuru-nokukurumidza zvaimirirwa Eurasian chokufambisa mukoridho, umo mamiriro kuchasanganisira nomugwagwa Moscow-Kazan.

Nhoroondo pfungwa

High-nokukurumidza njanji mutsetse Moscow-Beijing pachiyero pfungwa hwaivapo kwenguva refu. The purojekiti inofanira kuva nzira huru vaya zvandisingadi kuenda nendege. Kutapurirana pfungwa nenhanho magetsi chirongwa kwakaitika pamusoro yaitwa activation zvatengwa muna America, hurukuro iyo inosimbiswa unyanzvi nokukurumidza sezvinobvira. High-nokukurumidza njanji chirongwa anofanira kupa kunyika dzakadai China uye Russia vakafanirwa dzakawanda makwikwi. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, maererano vamiririri Railways, mukuru-nokukurumidza njanji kubva kuMoscow Beijing achaita mari munyika pa7 tiririyoni rubles. The Chinese vakaroorana vanoda mari mukuvakwa pomugwagwa mari yakaenzana 4 tiririyoni rubles, zvose zvimwe mari vachava kutakurwa kubudikidza Russian bhajeti. Active kwakadzama pamusoro hurumende ichiisa mari pakuvaka mugwagwa nhasi zvinoitiswa nenzira Moscow-Kazan ari gadziriro international chirongwa.

Chii kuminyuka kuvakwa mugwagwa?

Nguva apo mukuru-nokukurumidza mugwagwa Moscow-Beijing ndichavaka, asi vanoziva zvishoma. Izvi imhaka kuramba tichishanda chisarudzo pamusoro mari. Kupiwa ezvinhu kwakasimbiswa nhasi kuRussia, pasinei nokuti China akagadzirira kufunga dzakawanda mari, nyika hadzisi akagadzirira kutsigira hombe-pamwero zvemari mari yakadaro. 3 tiririyoni rubles nhasi unsupportable nokuda renyika. Rinofanira kumusoro kuti private vanoita achaitwa mwoyo racho.

Technical zvinhu uye rokutanga sarudzo

Information inopiwa pamusoro correspondents ari pepanhau The Beijing Times, anoti pamusoro zvinoshingaira kukurukurwa pakuvaka njanji pakati penyika mbiri. Danho rokutanga kurutivi Kuzadziswa chirongwa kunofanira kubva kuMoscow Kazan. Pakutanga nzira iri vakaronga kuvaka Beijing, ipapo mugwagwa achapfuura maguta akadai Khabarovsk uye Ulan Bator, Irkutsk uye Astana Ekaterinburg. Kwavaiendeswa achava Moscow. Wakagadzirira nokukurumidza njanji uchava katatu refu kupfuura nhasi kushanda mukuru-nokukurumidza njanji pakati Beijing uye Guangzhou. Travel nguva pakati pamaguta mushure Implementation chirongwa haangavi namazuva matanhatu, asi vaviri chete. Nhasi, pakati misoro miviri inoti, zvitima maviri Dzinogara chete kwevhiki. The nzira yakavhurwa muna 1954. Trans-Siberian Railway anonzi kuti wakarebesa munyika. It ruoko kubva kuMoscow Vladivostok. It michinjikwa 400 nhepfenyuro uye kureba 9288 makiromita.

Matambudziko okutanga uye vokutanga matanho kukuru

High-nokukurumidza chitima Beijing-Moscow munguva yemberi iri pedyo angangotadza kuuya kwako nzira. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, dariro rokutanga chirongwa, izvo mune ramangwana vachagara batanidza mundima mbiri inoti vanofanira kuva mugwagwa kubva kuMoscow Kazan, ivo rokutanga Mari waiva kukwirira Russia. Kukwezva makambani, "Gazprombank" mugwagwa anoratidza aiva zvachose ukoshi 1,06 tiririyoni rubles mumaguta akadai Beijing uye Singapore, Hong Kong uye Shanghai. Maererano rokutanga ruzivo, izvozvo akambomisa nhevedzano misangano zvinogona vadyidzani munyika:

• May 14 - kuSingapore.
• May 15 - Shanghai.
• May 16 - Beijing.

Mune ramangwana, isu vaiona pokushanya vamiririri "Gazprom" bhengi Taipei, guta guru muTaiwan. Maererano Russian Railways, misangano makambani Asian vakaronga kwemwedzi inoverengeka. Zvinosanganisira kudyidzana East nyaya nokuda vakaoma zvirango kubva West. In aakaudzwa yomusi "Pronedra" yakati kuti mukuru-nokukurumidza mugwagwa Moscow-Beijing rirege kuvakwa mashomanana akatevera. The Implementation yacho chikamu chirongwa chokutanga, mukuru-nokukurumidza njanji pakati Moscow uye Kazan, zvinogona kuratidzirwa 2020. Izvi imhaka yokuti Railways havasati vakakwanisa kuwana investor.

The danho rokutanga chirongwa

Chikamu chokutanga munyika hurumende bhajeti chirongwa uye "Railways Russian" kuda govera mabhiriyoni 191,9 rubles. Zvimwe zvikamu nzira, akadai Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhniy Novgorod, Cheboksary, Cheboksary, Kazan, iri akaronga kuti vakagadzirira tichiregeredza zvichemo. Zvinonzi neShumiro Transport 29 January 2015. Kokutanga pamusoro chirongwa vagari nharaunda, umo mukuru-nokukurumidza munzira chichazadzika, takadzidza chete mukutanga 2015. Nzira itsva achaitwa vakaradzikwa zvakafanana yeUnited penzira M-7, rinozivikanwa "Volga". The sezvamunoita achaita chemabhazi. Zvikurukuru, Vladimir chiteshi chichange chiri pana Sukhodol.

Chii kuita vagari kumatunhu?

High-nokukurumidza Railway kubva kuMoscow Beijing pamepu kuti achapfuura guru mugove zvakakwana zviri ndima, zvakonzera vanhu vane kugara naye munharaunda, neveMamwe chaizvo maitiro. Wati manyawi ari yekuita kukuvadzwa, izvo achabaya munda, masango uye kuumbwa Kugadzira. Zviremera rinoziviswa kuti pane mumwe nzvimbo iyo kuvaka chichaitwa, mabasa ose achange kwerubwinyo rwakagara rwuripo-akabvumirana voruzhinji. Mumwe anopa rinoti kana isu kutarisira kuwana mupinduriri, kuti BCM achasvinudzwa kare muna 2018. The kunonyanyisa kumhanya kwebasa mugwagwa vachava makiromita 400 paawa, izvo kuchaderedza nzira kubva kuMoscow Kazan kusvika 3,5 kubva maawa 11.

mabasa vemapato

High-nokukurumidza Railway kubva kuMoscow Beijing, uko zano iri hunonzi anokwezva zvikuru uye kunobatsira, maererano rokutanga zvirongwa, vanofanira kutanga basa rayo munguva kubvira 2018 kusvika 2020-ndipo. Mune ramangwana, iyo Chinese divi inozviita kupa kune basa michina yayo. Nyika akagadzirira kutarisira zvizere nokuda kuronga uye kuvakwa. Nokuda muhombe rubatsiro, China akagadzirira kutora Russian simba.

Kusvikira 15 December 2014 zvakanzi aronga kutanga mamiriro ezvinhu ayo Chinese makambani vachakwanisa kuitawo basa racho. Information sei kuona kana kuti ngaateme chibvumirano sezvo kuvanzika kuruzhinji. Kodzero kugadzira basa penzira Moscow-Kazan aikunda Russian-Chinese rakapiwa kutongwa "Mostgiprotrans" pamwe kutora chikamu kurovedzera kuti "Nizhegorodmetroproekt" uye CREEC (China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co. Ltd.). Price Agreement nokuti muchikwata ichi kwakafanana bhiriyoni 20 rubles, asi dzakakudzingai VAT.

Vakaongorora Project

High-nokukurumidza Railway kubva kuMoscow Beijing - chirongwa chiri vaizotibata chaizvo uye kukoshesa, asi hakutadzisi vaongorori vakanga chokwadi. Vanoti kanda musi SCM mumaratidzirwo makore 2018-2020 zvinotarisirwa zvisingaitiki. Maererano Nadya Bezborodov, akashanda se CEO InfraNews risingaoneki, chirongwa kuchaitawo havazokwanisi vachimhanyira gumi anotevera. The Hwaro mafungiro ichi chaiva pamutemo mutsara mumiririri Railways Russian kuti panguva ino chesamende kuita kuti kuvakwa mukuru-nokukurumidza njanji hakuwaniki asi. Pane kungova refu mukana kuti mugwagwa kubva kuMoscow Kazan mune ramangwana achapiwa kuratidzirwa Ekaterinburg uye.

Ndivanaani vachabatsirwa pakuvaka expressway?

Highway Moscow-Beijing achaunza mamwe hakungobatsiri kuti Railways Russian, asiwo States yose. Izvi imhaka agglomeration zvinokonzerwa kuti kumuke yevagari Resettlement chacho. The yaitarisira rokuti mukuru-nokukurumidza mutsetse kunofanira yakawedzera 30-70% kubva GRP kumatunhu. Mamwe zveminda kubva mumugwagwa uchasangana asingasviki 11 tiririyoni hapana rubles sezvo mangwanani sezvo gumi anoita basa yokutanga. Nhamba iyi chaipiwa nokuda boka zvoupfumi masangano, dzinotungamirirwa Bazi Economic Development. Kana SCM vachiri kuonekwa chete pamusoro munharaunda Vladimir nharaunda yacho GRP inowedzera nezvikamu 38%. Zviri rubles anenge mabhiriyoni 84 kuwedzerazve. Pakazosvika 2030, nhamba iri kuchawedzera kusvika 58%, kana mune mari mashoko - kusvika mabhiriyoni 131 rubles. Muna Nizhny Novgorod nharaunda anotarisira zvoupfumi kukura 39%, kana mabhiriyoni 252 rubles, asi 2030 kunofanira kusvika zvinenge 76%, kana mabhiriyoni 496. Chuvashia kutarisirwa kuwedzera ukoshi kubudikidza 13% kana mabhiriyoni 20 rubles. Pakazosvika 2025, ari kusvetuka achava 28%, kana mabhiriyoni 43 rubles. Tatarstan 2025 vaitarisira kukura hwenyika achava akaenzana 27%, kana mabhiriyoni 274 rubles.