The aitungamirira nyika iri oiri munyika: Saudi Arabia, Russia, United States

Oiri - huru simba kunobva panyika nhasi. Haasi masanga nayo Anonziwo dema goridhe. Iyo nyika vatungamiriri mafuta munyika nhasi? Izvi uchadzidza kubva ino.

Global reserves mafuta

Kuti tipindure mubvunzo: "Chii mafuta mugadziri nyika dziri kutungamirira munyika nhasi", vanofanira zvakajeka musiyano pfungwa "mafuta" uye "oiri".

Under nehwemweya mafuta yose, masayendisiti vanofungidzira kuti chitsama zvinhu inogona zvikaramba kubva Dzenyika mukati panguva yazvino ruzivo kukura. Kune classifications inoverengeka reserves: vanogona kuongorora, dzinoongororwa, achivimbisa prospectively dzinoongororwa, uye zvichingodaro ..

zvidzidzo nokuti reserves mafuta pose, pane zvakawanda. Somuenzaniso, muna Russia uye UK rokuongorora zvekuvaka inoshandiswa matani muCanada uye Norway - pa cubic meter, mune dzimwe nyika dzakawanda - emiti.

Total matura "ndarama dema" munyika nhasi zvinofungidzirwa mufananidzo pa matani mabhiriyoni 240. About 70% yenyika Matura kusimbiswa weOPEC nyika - ane neIntergovernmental sangano, kuunganidzwa wandei rinoti mafuta-.

Top nyika shanu kutungamirira tichitaura reserves mafuta (sekune 2014) ndiro sezvinotevera: Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Canada, Iran uye Iraq.

Countries vaitungamirira mune oiri: pamusoro gumi

Maererano neimwe shanduro masayendisiti, kokutanga ino simba panobva rakabviswa pasi kare remakore rechisere. Zvino nezuva iro Absheron Peninsula. Iyo nyika dziri kutungamirira mafuta mugadziri munyika nhasi?

Dzinozivikanwa muongorori wenyika simba zvenyika mafuta Kugadzirwa VN Shchelkachev akasimbisa gore 1979. Asati kuti anotevedzana yechiitiko kugadzirwa ichi zvekuvaka kaviri ose gumi. Asi pashure 1979 yemapuraneti mafuta kugadzirwa kukura zvazvingava seiyi chaizvo.

Saka, vakuru nyika iri oiri zvevakomana (mu mumabhuraketi ari chikamu oiri yose):

• Saudi Arabia (12,9%);
• Russia (12.7);
• USA (12.3);
• China (5.0);
• Canada (5.0);
• Iran (4.0);
• Brazil (4.0);
• Iraq (3.8);
• Kuwait (3,6);
• Venezuela (3,3).

Yose zvayo, dzinenge 67% mafuta anogadzirwa gore negore munyika idzi.

Pane mishumo kuti nyika guru mafuta mugadziri pazvinhu izvi zvinogona nokukurumidza swapped. Muna May 2015 yokuRussia Federation akadzidza muura nyika mamiriyoni 500 emiti kupfuura Saudi Arabia.

The mafuta Indasitiri muna Saudi Arabia

Nyika zhinji, mukuru aitungamirira mafuta mugadziri munyika nhasi dziri kuMiddle East. Mumwe wavo ari Saudi Arabia. Kokutanga mafuta sezvayakawanikwa pano muna 1930. Pashure chiitiko ichi, ichi Arab mamiriro qualitatively wakashandurwa.

Nhasi, upfumi rose Saudi Arabia rinonyatsotarira aina simba zvinhu. deposits Vose "ndarama dema" munyika ino zvinodzorwa ne Saudi Aramco. Nerubatsiro mafuta kumusika nyika vakauya Saudi Arabia kusvika 90% zvachose zveminda! oiri kwakadaro mukuru zvakasimbisa kuti kukura, uye mamwe maindasitiri mazhinji munyika.

The chikuru vatengi pakati muArabhia mafuta - the US, uyewo kunyika Eastern Asia. Pasinei chokwadi kuti Saudi Arabia iMhedziso_ mutungamiri kweShanduro mafuta munyika, vanhu mararamiro munyika achiri asina mukuru zvakakwana.

Zvakakurukurwa mafuta indasitiri kuRussia

Russia - vakapfuma nyika munyika reserves zvicherwa siyana. Kunze mafuta, anogadzirwa mune pamwero negasi, marasha uye vasiri ferrous simbi.

MuRussia, kuti "ndarama dema" haasi chete mined, asiwo achishingaira kupatsanurwa, pave siyana epetroleum zvigadzirwa: peturu, mafuta emotokari, Diesel chinotsva, etc. Zvisinei, risanyatsobuda izvi huchiri asina mukuru zvakakwana, iyo idambudziko guru nokuda kwavo vakabudirira ekisipoti kumusika nyika .. .

Mumakore achangopfuura, mamiriro ezvinhu ari Russian mafuta indasitiri kwakavandudza zvishoma. Zvikurukuru, vakawedzera upfumi mari (upfumi) mu zvekutepfenyura ichi. Zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera kudzama mafuta achinatsa - nhasi nhamba kuRussia anenge 71%.

Oil kugadzirwa achinatsa muna US

United States of America dziri pakati vaburitsi vatatu munyika pakukura kwakafumuka mafuta uye peturu zvigadzirwa. Hurumende kwete chete kunze kwenyika kuti "ndarama dema", asi achishingaira nayo anotenga dzimwe nyika. Amazing chokwadi: wakapedza gore negore 4 nguva yakawanda mafuta pane iri mined muUnited States.

1761 - Ndiko kuwanda kuchera rigs kushanda US nhasi. 56 vavo akatorazve oiri ichakasangana nezvimwewo kubva mugungwa pasherufu.

The American mafuta Indasitiri, pakutanga kwezvose, vatatu mamiriro anofanira pachena: ndiye Alaska, California uye Texas. Uyezve, pane anonzi Strategic Petroleum Reserve muUnited States - yakanakira hondo kuchengeterwa kuti oiri ichakasangana nezvimwewo, izvo zvinofanira kuva zvinokwana nyika kwamazuva 90 (pakuparwa yedambudziko). kuchengeterwa Izvi vakapararira kune siyana kumatunhu ari USA uye inochengeterwa pachivande munyu domes.

In mhedziso ...

Saka, nyika kutungamirira mafuta mugadziri munyika - zviri Saudi Arabia, Russia, uye United States. inoti aya zvikaramba kubva pasi vanenge 37% pose kweShanduro upfumi.