Rocket uye Space Khrunichev chirimwa

The kambani, zvakanakisisa seshanduro Chombo Plant. Khrunichev (kunyange munhau dzayo, rwave mazita akasiyana siyana), - kuti ngano wokuRussia sayenzi indasitiri. kambani iyi kweanenge 100 nemakore. The zvigadzirwa kugadzirwa kunoitwa chirimwa, zvakakwana kunogona kunzi nyaya kudada nenyika Russia. Izvi kunozivikanwa chitundumuseremusere keriya "Purotoni", achivimbisa "Angara". Plant mapurani chimwe chezvinhu vaizotibata ari pose muchadenga indasitiri kukura - the akisarareta "Baikal". Company subsidiaries zvibereko zvakasiyana-siyana zvimwe akakodzera indasitiri Aerospace zvigadzirwa Russian.

zvinogadzirwa

Mumwe flagships yeRussian kudzivirira indasitiri - Rocket uye Space Plant. Khrunichev. zita rayo yepamutemo Chokwadi, zvinoita yakasiyana. Zvinoti - Federal State Unitary Enterprise "State Research uye Mukudhinda Space Centre MV Khrunichev. " Just kumanikidza uye vagari kutaura mumwe pamusoro zita pfupi aina - saka muchiso ichi anozivikanwa.

Khrunichev fekitari chokwadi - imwe emakambani shoma riri dzakasiyana dzeRussia. Avaindipa Mhando dzakawanda chitundumuseremusere uye nzvimbo rwokugadzira. The yakakurumbira chigadzirwa ivhu - chitundumuseremusere "Purotoni", "Iziwi rokuti kosmos-3M", "Rokot" uye "Angara". Pakati vaizotibata zviitiko - reusable booster "Baikal" zvombo.

nyaya

Khrunichev chirimwa pakutanga raparurwa sezvo automaker rinonzi "Russo-Balt-2." Gore kwayo hwaro - 1917 ndipo. Zvisinei, sezvo nemakore 1920s zvakatanga kubudiswa ndege kunotangira zvaMambo ndege Tupolev, Ilyushin, Arkhangelsk, Petlyakova. Muna 1950 fekitari rakabudisa Ndege "Bison", akagadzira Myasishev. Muna 1961, kuti chirimwa vakagamuchira zita inopotsa ano - "Machine Building Plant ainzi pashure MI Khrunichev "- uye akatanga dzidzira kweShanduro chitundumuseremusere uye nzvimbo rwokugadzira. Pamusoro payo zvizvarwa shomanana zvombo zvinokandwa, "Salyut" chiteshi vakasunungurwa uye "Rugare". Muna 1993, ivo Khrunichev chirimwa vawana zita aripo. Chimiro wayo zvaisanganisira Bureau "Ndikwazisirei". Muna 2007, ayo zviri pamutemo chimiro ano akumbirwa kuti chirimwa - yeUnited mamiriro unitary vachida. Pane vemumapato zvivako akadai Somuenzaniso, kambani "Length" (Moscow). Chirimwa. Khrunichev zvakare rinobatanidza Bureau ainzi. Isayev, Voronezh Mechanical Plant, uye muna 2008 akabatana Perm zvebhizimisi kuti 'Purotoni-PM ", muna 2012 - Ust-Katav Plant. SM Kirov.

"Purotoni" chitundumuseremusere

Chimwe chezvinhu kucherechedzwa mimwe mishonga kugadzirwa kunoitwa Center kuti mapoka avo. Khrunichev (chirimwa, wongororo iro vanhu vava mumwe nheyo ruzhinji maonero simba yeSoviet kudzivirira indasitiri - nomumwe riri muMoscow) - chitundumuseremusere "Purotoni". Iye akazviratidza kosi zviitiko pamusoro kusikwa ane intercontinental ballistic chombo muUri-500. Nokufamba mazuvaano pakati yakatya pakagadzirwa zvombo zveICBMs akazviratidza keriya "Purotoni-K", razova, ari maonero nyanzvi dzakawanda, anobudirira zvikuru muenzaniso yeSoviet chombo chacho chidimbu.

Rokusimudzira zvokutengeserana kushandiswa "Purotoni-K" wanunurwa muna 1996 (the European Astra 1F Satellite kwakatangwa kupinda muchadenga). Zvadaro, dzakawanda gumi nevaviri chinonyengera kubva private vatengi akanga akatakurwa kunze. mainjiniya Russian naiyowo vakatanga shanduro "Purotoni", dzakashandisa goho mutoro pamusoro geostationary muchadenga. Ndiani dzakachinja chitundumuseremusere, unonzi "Purotoni-M" ndiro rinonyanya kushandiswa kwaro dzakatevedzana.

"Angara" chitundumuseremusere

Kukura kanda motokari "Angara", maererano nenyanzvi dzakawanda - mumwe kiyi nzvimbo Russian nzvimbo indasitiri. Ndiyo imwe mhuri yose zvombo (kureva avo vari kirasi "nyore", uyewo vari "inorema" vatakuri).

Zvinotarisirwa kuti mimwe mienzaniso anogona kumutsa muchadenga matani 35 nhumbi. Kukura chikuru wokuRussia mukwikwidzi - Falcon chitundumuseremusere (ari shanduro "inorema") the American boka SpaceX. An dzinonakidza ndechokuti pano pane kunetsana nehafu remakore nhoroondo uye muduku chaizvo private kambani, akasikwa kubva muvare pakati nehurumende dzesangano. Kukura "Angara" modules panguva yakamborwa kwete chete Moscow - Plant. Khrunichev akawana vadyidzani muSouth Korea. Zvakananga kushandiswa chete chitundumuseremusere "Angara" akasika akisarareta "Baikal", rakagadzirirwa vakawanda Zara.

Akisarareta "Baikal"

Works "Baikal" riri nyore, uye panguva imwecheteyo kuita zvinokosha mabasa. Tichibatsirwa ari booster chitundumuseremusere Danho inokwira kuti nekukwirira anenge 70? Km. Ipapo injini dzikava "chipenye", pashure iyo chombo muchadenga. "Baikal" Zvichakadaro patsanura kubva motokari uye vakadzokera Earth somunhu ndege. Mushure rokuongorora uye chero kuchinja sezvinodiwa inogona kuzodzosera kushandiswa: mumabasa kuti Khrunichev chirimwa zviri pachena, richiti "Baikal" riri mudenga ka25 (asi mukufamba kuvandudza mufananidzo uyu here kuuya akaoma kusvika 200).

The chikuru shamwari yacho chirimwa. Khrunichev racho kuti "Baikal" - NPO "Molniya". Zvinofungirwa kuti akisarareta achava kutanga uremu anenge 130,4 matani uye urefu pamusoro 27 M uye dhayamita (pakati) kuti 2,9 M kiyi rokuti "gungwa" -. Ichiita mabasa akawanda chombo Module (URM) vakapakata muswe, bapiro, powerplant , chassis nezvimwe nehurongwa.

injini

Mwanasikana centre mamiriro navo. Khrunichev - "Voronezh Mechanical Plant" - anounganidza mhando dzakawanda injini nokuda Aerospace indasitiri. Kare, kuti zviumbu vokutanga vaiva M-11 akatasva ndege PO-2. Mumakore pashure peHondo Yenyika II panguva chirimwa vakatanga kubereka injini reMirwi 62IR, M14V26 nevamwe mimwe aggregates kuti rakasiyana-siyana ndege. Kubvira mukupera '50s muna Voronezh anotanga kubudisa nzvimbo-chitundumuseremusere injini: RD-0109, RD-0210, RD-0114 (vanongoda kuti "Purotoni") uye dzimwe yepamusorosoro dzakabatana.

Zvino fekitari ari kushanda pakagadzwa kugadzirwa RD-191 chitundumuseremusere "Angara". Panguva iyoyo, pakati makambani Russian chete VSW anokwanisa kusunungurwa injini pisitoni ndege. Zvidzidzo wakabudiswa Voronezh, akaisa pamusoro kurovedza uye mitambo ndege, uye helicopters zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana.