Ultrasonic ukobvu: kushanda misimboti, mirayiridzo, vagadziri, wongororo

Ultrasonic ukobvu chipimo ndiyo nzira yokuti Pakusarudza upamhi mumwe-mativi zvinhu non-dzinoparadza. Hazvina kutsanya, yakavimbika, ichiita mabasa akawanda, uye, mukusiyana kune micrometer kana caliper, hakurevi kuwana mativi ose chinhu. Yokutanga sensors zvokutenga, kushandisa nheyo Akash, akazviratidza mukupera 1940s. Small inotakurika mano, optimized nokuti zvakawanda mafomu, vava chakapararira 1970. Uye utsanzi mu microprocessor michina zvakakonzera kuvandudza zvakarurama, nyore uye miniaturization.

Production mano kuitawo vakawanda vanozivikanwa makambani. Pakati pavo - kambani German Siemens, American Dakota Ultrasonics, British Cygnus. MuRussia, Namano zvinoberekwa nemakambani akadai SPF "AKS" NPK "Beam", SPC "MaksProfit" uye vamwe.

Chii kuyerwa?

Anoita chero kwakajairika kuvaka zvinhu kuyerwa kushandisa Ultrasound. Ultrasonic sensors zvinogona configured kuti nesimbi, mapurasitiki, chinoumbwa, girazi, Ceramics uye girazi. Uyewo zvinogoneka kuyerwa extruded mapurasitiki uye yakanyikwa kugadzira muitiro - sezvo akasiyana akaturikidzana kana coatings, uye multilayer nyaya, mvura uye utachiona specimens. Chimwe oparesheni apo nyore zvakakodzera ultrasonic ukobvu, - Kutsunga pezvitina ukobvu uye zvivako nekongiri, Asphalt uye matombo. kuyerwa akadaro anenge nguva vasiri anoparadza uye zvinoda hapana nokuveza kana disassembly chivako.

Nezvinhu zvisipo akakodzera kwakajairika ultrasonic kuyerwa nokuda murombo kupararira mukuru-kakawanda mafungu, zvinosanganisira huni, bepa, kongiri uye foamed zvigadzirwa.

How kuyera?

Sound simba inogona vanowanika pamusoro yakafarikana Frequency chakarondedzera. An anzwike inzwi iri zvinobva 20 kusvika 20 kHz. The yepamusoro kakawanda, ari kumusoro ari vakanzwisisa matauriro. Nesimba wakakwirira kakawanda kudarika kwevanhu kunzwa, rinonzi Ultrasound. Kazhinji, ultrasonic rokuongorora rinoitwa mu kakawanda siyana kubvira 500 kHz kusvika 20 MHz, kunyange zvazvo vamwe kushandiswa zvishandiso rinosvika 50 kHz kana 100 MHz. Pasinei kakawanda, ari sonic simba iri zvemaziso vibrations kuripa mu svikiro kunotsanangurwa, zvakadai mhepo kana simbi, maererano nemitemo inokosha wefizikisi mafungu.

Nokuti nezviyero uchishandisa ultrasonic rusvingo ukobvu geji. The kushanda nhungamiro mudziyo kunoratidzwa chaiwo kukarukureta pakati kupomba dzaifanoiswa nguva vachiongorora diki (transducer) kuburikidza nokuyerwa chinhu, akaratidza nomumativi ayo mukati kana distal rusvingo. Sezvo ruzha vanoratidza kure miganhu pakati dissimilar zvinhu nekuyera iri yemanyorero anoitwa neruoko rumwe, mu "kupomba / ungira".

The transducer unotora munhu piezoelectric Kufananidzira dzinoitirwa pfupi zvemagetsi kupomba kuti vaunze discrete ultrasonic mafungu. Ivo inotumirwa chakayerwa zvinhu, uye vafambe nayo kusvikira iwe kutarisana musana rusvingo kana zvimwe chipingamupinyi. The akaratidza chinozunguzirwa anodzoka transducer iyo vatendeuki ari zvemaziso vibrations kupinda magetsi simba. Kutaura zvazviri, ultrasonic ukobvu gauges kuteerera Zvisaririra kune rumwe rutivi. Kazhinji, nguva penguva pakati akatuma uye akaratidza Mureza inongobata millionths mashoma yechipiri. The mudziyo akapinda mashoko pamusoro inzwi velocity iri zvinhu izvo zvinogona ipapo ngaaverenge pakukora nokushandisa nyore kwemasvomhu ukama: D = V t / 2, sezvamakaropafadzwa:

• D - Ukobvu chikamu;
• V - velocity nokurira;
• T - akayera nguva inzwi ndima.

An parameter chinokosha

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kumhanya varurame chinhu pasi kudzidza chinhu chinokosha kukarukureta ichi. zvinhu zvakasiyana wokushandura ruzha zvakasiyana. Sezvo ushe, zvinhu zvakaoma pamusoro payo, uye nyoro - pazasi. Uyezve, unogona zvakasiyana-siyana pamwe tembiricha. Panguva iyoyowo nguva dzose inofanira calibrated ultrasonic ukobvu gauges kuti nokukurumidza mune chakayerwa zvinhu, umo zvakananga kunoenderana rakarurama kuverengwa.

Sound mafungu MHz siyana nomumhepo wakaedza zvakaipa, saka kuvandudza ruzha kupfuudzwa pakati emitter uye mharidzo anoiswa kuderera iri mvura mvura akabatanidzwa pamwechete. Kazhinji, asi couplant akashandisa glycerol, propylene glycol, mvura, mafuta uye gel. Chete shoma mvura kuzadza chaizvo mutete mhepo pakakoromoka.

chipimo modes

Manufacturers ultrasonic ukobvu kuyera nguva penguva simba nomunyika bvunzo chiratidzazvizhinji munzira nhatu:

1. The penguva pakati excitation kupomba, iyo zvinowanisa kuridzwa chinozunguzirwa uye ungira wokutanga kudzoka kubvisa chiduku zvaizopedza kukosha, kuti zvaizopedza kunonoka ari mudziyo, uye waya convert.
2. Nguva penguva pakati Zvisaririra vakadzoka kubva mharidzo nomumativi yokutanga yakaratidza Zvisaririra.
3. The penguva pakati maviri anotevedzana pasi Zvisaririra.

Kusarudza kazhinji hunoratidza mhando transducer, uye kushanda chaiko zvinodiwa. Chokutanga muoti rinoshandiswa ane kuonana Switch uye pachii mafomu vakawanda. Chechipiri kunonoka mutsetse aripo kana kunyudzwa transducers kureva concave uye convex hukawanika vari namahwindo muchadenga, nokuti kuyera munhu kubvongodzwa zvokunyama kana mukuru tembiricha zvinhu.

Wechitatu nzira zvakare utilizes ari kunonoka mutsetse kana kunyudza sensors uye kazhinji zvinopa matunhu zvakarurama uye zvakanaka zvishoma chisarudzo ukobvu. Yemanyorero kushandiswa apo unhu kuyerwa rokutanga kana kuti rechipiri muoti hahugutsi. Zvisinei, zvapedzisira nzira chete akakodzera nezvinhu kuti pave Zvisaririra dzakachena kakawanda, sezvinoita ushe, ane yakaderera damping sezvakazoita nesimbi yakanaka-grained, girazi, Ceramics.

Two marudzi namano

Ultrasonic ukobvu gauges zvinowa- rakakamurwa mhando mbiri: ngura uye zvakarurama. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha kushanda ndiko kutsunga upamhi residual simbi pamasvingo nyere, midziyo, STRUCTURAL zvinoriumba uye kumanikidzwa midziyo inozviisa munyika ngura uye murege kuva inooneka kubva kunze. Ukobvu geji, ultrasonic ngura uye vakasikwa kuti chinangwa ichi. Vanoshandisa chiratidzo kubudiswa mitoo kuti optimized nokuda kuziva miedzo usingashandi residual rusvingo upamhi mune zvinonyadzisa uye nengura ivhu pamwe kushandiswa maviri-eremendi sensors.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinoita rinorumbidza kushandiswa zvakarurama nhumbi converters single - nokuti simbi, mapurasitiki, Washington City Offices, chinoumbwa, rabha uye Ceramics. By imwe muzvizhinji kuti sensors zvakasiyana siyana nemazvo mano, izvo zvinogona kuyera ane kururama ± 0.025 mm kana kwakakwirira, riri kupfuura ngura Yatanga Kuongorora.

Standard ultrasonic ukobvu gauges dzinoiswa ne chinangwa, mwero kushandisa michina, dziviriro kubva pakunzwisisa zvakatipoteredza, kuramba zvokuimba kushushikana, uye anosarudza maindex dzavo huru.

marudzi converters

• Contact transducers zvinoshandiswa zvakananga nevanhu bvunzo mharidzo. Kuyerwa navo nyore, saka vari kushandiswa kakawanda.
• Converters kunonoka mutsetse vanoumba mapurasitiki, epoxy kana Goldstone humburumbira sezvo murevereri pakati yezviri maatomu akafanana uye bvunzo chinhu. Chikonzero chikuru nokuda kwavo kushandisa - Kuyerwa matete midziyo, apo zvakakosha kuparadzanisa excitation pulses kubva pasi ungira. The kunonoka mutsetse inogona kupisa insulator, kudzivirira tembiricha anenge detector chinhu kubva zvakananga kuonana inopisa zvinhu. Uyewo, unogona kuumbwa, kuwedzera kubata mu yakapinza concave kana convex hukawanika.
• Submersible transducers nokuti unopa acoustic simba kuti tambo chinhu uchishandisa kugeza nemvura kana mbiru. Ivo anoshandiswa yokuyeresa kutamira zvinhu, nokuti kushanda pakuvheneka kana Optimization kuti coupling pamberi radii unopinza, grooves kana migero.
• Converters vane zvinhu zviviri zvinoshandiswa kungatikanganisa shirinomerah nokuda Pakusarudza noupamhi zvinhu pamwe ine, iyo ngura pemvura. Inoitwa yoga achitumira uye kugamuchira chinhu yakaiswa pa zvishoma pakona yorusvingo kusvikira kunonoka mutsetse pfungwa simba nechokure yakasanangurwa pazasi penyika kuyerwa mharidzo. Kunyange zvazvo miganhu zvakadai hazvina chakarurama sezvo dzimwe mhando sensors, vanowanzoita anopa dzakakwirira zvikuru unongotaura.

Ultrasonic ukobvu Gauge: nokurairirwa

Kugadzirira kuyerwa transducer anofanira kwakabatana kuti mudziyo, kuzvitengesa pamusoro, akaisa kumhanya inzwi uye calibrate. Kuti aite izvi, kushandisa zvishoma nokudyidzana zvinhu pamusoro calibration mureza, kuisa Switch uye vakwanise calibration muoti. nzira iyi inofanira kugara raiitwa pashure kutsiva inverter kana bhatiri. Variants yaizivikanwa calibration ukobvu uye kumhanya inzwi.

Nokuti kuyerwa inofanira kushandiswa pemvura chinhu uye kuti kuonana mumiririri Switch. Mugumisiro unoratidzwa pamusoro kuratidzwa. Possible kushandisa mudziyo iri Ongororo muoti Somuenzaniso, kutsvaka duku pakukora mashoko. Zvinogonekawo kuti kugadzira mhere kuziva nzvimbo norusvingo kukura zvishoma pane wakatarwa.

Nokuti kuyera kumhanya inzwi kuti kuyerwa chinhu caliper kana micrometer, batanidza convert uye kumirira mugumisiro. Kugadza yaivapo akayera ukoshi, achizviendesa bhatani kuponesa mashoko achiyeukwa. Vamwe mano vanobvumira mashoko kuchinjirwa kune mumwe PC.

Ultrasonic ukobvu: wongororo

chokwadi Users kuongorora duku, nyore, kuvimbika, nyore calibration hwemazuva mano. Nyanzvi dzinoti kusavapo zvinotsiva mano ichi mhando apo vanoongorora mamiriro motokari, kunaka kuita pamusoro bodywork. The mudziyo zvinoita kuti tikwanise kuziva kuti motokari ndiko repaint uye kana zvaibatanidzwa mutsaona. Ukobvu, nokuti hakuna zvaida couplant, uyewo vanokwanisa kuita kuzvipira calibration, hunonyanya dzakakurumbira.

Material uye urefu

Ultrasonic ukobvu, nheyo iyo anosarudzwa zvichienderana murwiyo, kuyera chikuva, geometry, tembiricha, kururama zvinodiwa uye zvimwe ezvinhu akanyatsonaka, dzimwe nguva anongoti chinokosha.

zvinhu mhando uye kukura kuyerwa zvinhu anokosha ari kusarudzwa mudziyo uye inverter. Zvinhu zvakawanda, kusanganisira nesimbi dzakawanda, Ceramics uye girazi, Ultrasound rinoitwa zvinobudirira zvikuru uye kubvumira kuti kuyerwa mune zvakawanda. mapurasitiki Most achaita yekubata simba uye saka vane shoma kunonyanyisa ukobvu chikuva, asi kazhinji basa ezvinhu chipimo haakonzeri zvinetso. Rubber, Washington City Offices uye vazhinji rinoumba zvinhu Sechipanji simba zvikuru uye anoda zvakawanda zvinotakura uye vagamuchiri kuti vari optimized kuti kushanda panguva yakaderera frequencies.

Ukobvu anosarudza zvaimirirwa convert. Mutete zvinhu zviri akayera panguva dzakakwirira frequencies uye gobvu kana damping - pasi. For dzakaonda chaizvo zvakashandiswa kunonoka mutsetse, kunyange ivo, uyewo submersible transducers havabvumirwi ukobvu kuyerwa nokuda kupindira vakawanda ungira. Kana yakafara zvinhu kana zvinhu zvinosanganisira zvakawanda zvinhu kungada rakasiyana-siyana sensors.

The curvature pamusoro pemvura

With nokuwedzera kunyatsoshanda pakati curvature zviri kubatana pemvura pakati transducer uye chinhu kuti kuyerwa ipfupi, zvisinei pamwe kudzikira nharaunda pamusoro curvature inofanira shoma Switch chisarudzo. Nokuyerwa radii vashomashoma kungada kushandiswa kunonoka mitsetse kana contactless submersible transducers. Ivo rinogona kushandiswa kuyerwa mu grooves, in uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzine kuwana.

tembiricha

Contact transducers Kazhinji kushandiswawo chinhu ari tembiricha 50 ° C. More inopisa zvinhu zvinogona kukuvadza Switch nokuda migumisiro chafariz kuwedzera. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, unofanira kushandisa nguva dzose inverters pamwe kunonoka mutsetse, mumwe kupisa nemishonga, yakakwirira tembiricha kana kunyudza Switch pamwe zvinhu zviviri.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, pamwe pasi acoustic impedance chinhu (arambe achirema kane velocity nokurira) hwakabatana pamwe zvinhu rurefu acoustic impedance. Typical mienzaniso - mapurasitiki, rabha uye girazi unhani kwakaita sesimbi kana nedzimwe simbi, magirazi uye polymeric unhani. Panyaya iyi ungira kubva muganhu pakati zvinhu zviviri vachava fazoinvertirovannym - inverted panyaya ungira kubva muganhu pamwe mhepo. Izvi zvinogona kugadziriswa nokungonyepedzera kuchinja pazviruva ari mudziyo, asi kana hapana zvaitwa, ipapo kuverenga achava kururama.

mhosho

Nokuyerwa zvakarurama sei zvinhu zvakawanda, kusanganisira ongororo pamusoro ultrasonic ukobvu gauges vavo calibration, velocity zvakafanana mune fuma, attenuation uye kupararira ruzha, pamusoro roughness uye pamusoro curvature, murombo kukurukurirana uye pasi parallelism. Zvakarurama zvakanakisisa kubudirira kushandisa tsika yaizivikanwa saizi. Zvakakodzera calibration kukanganisa ultrasonic Ukobvu ± 0,01 mm uye kunyange ± 0.001 mm. kunonoka mutsetse kana kunyudza transducers rechitatu nzira zvakare kuvandudza nokuyerwa kururama.