Derbent nhare nhoroondo uye zvinotyisa (mufananidzo)

Derbent ndiyo guta rekare muna Russian Federation. It riri muna Dagestan, muGungwa reCaspian. Hazvizivikanwi musi chaiwo muguta kuvambwa, asi kare vanodavira kuti zera rake - makore anenge 5000. The chikuru uchikwezvwa pamusoro kugarwa ndiyo nhare Derbent. Photos dzinotaurwa bhuku rino, zvokubatsira kuti ndione kunaka uye ukuru yekare nhare.

Chinangwa inokosha pamusoro zvakaoma

Fortress pedyo Derbent yakavakwa kudzivirira ndudzi inogarwa iri Pedyo East uye Caucasus, kubva kunoparadza yaingopambwa hwokumusoro muArabhu. Zviri hombe kuzvidzivirira kunzwisisa, rinoumbwa guta, gungwa, masvingo gomo uye Naryn- Kala (wenhare). Zvivako yekare dzakavakwa munguva yokutonga ari Sassanid dzinza. By simba rayo pamusoro havasi muduku Great Wall of China.

The guta akanga asina kupfuura zvakanaka panzvimbo uye akanga pangozi kubva Caucasus makomo uye negungwa, saka vanhu vomunharaunda akabhadhara ngwariro chaiyo ayo kusimbiswa. Kukura kwemasvingo yakapoteredza makanzuru ose kumativi, simbi yakavimbika kudzivirirwa nechisimba.

Dzidziso mavambo zvinokwezva

Vanyori venhau havana kukwanisa kuziva akavaka nhare Derbent. Pane zvakawanda ngano nezvazvo. Mumwe ngano rinoti havaoni muguta uye nhare vakanga kufema moto hofori vakanga vagere munyika pamberi pavanhu.

Pane imwe shanduro chitarisiko Derbent nhare uye rakapoteredzwa. Maererano naye, muvambi guta rekare raiva Aleksandr Makedonsky. Mukuru wavarwi akarayira kuvakwa pakati pemakomo uye gungwa haripindiki masvingo zvikamu shongwe dzaro uye akaisa mukati mayo magedhi simbi nevokunze havagoni kupinda pano. Vazhinji kare pakati shanduro zvakaoma kuti masvingo anonzi yezvechitendero, sezvo Aleksandr Makedonsky akanga kumbobvira kundorondedzera nyika. Asi chokwadi chokuvapo shanduro dzakasiyana-siyana nezve kuzvidzivirira kunzwisisa rinopupurira kukosha kwayo upenyu southerners.

Naryn-Kala

Kufunga mifananidzo Derbent nhare, mumwe anogona kuona kuti pakati kuzvidzivirira hurongwa chinhu chihombe wenhare Naryn-Kala. Ndivo nhengo dzose kunzwisisa masvingo aro ibwe zvakanakisisa akachengetedzwa, zvinopa vashanyi mukana kuyemura chishamiso ichi kuna rekare mavakirwo pakubwinya kwayo zvose. Naryn- Kala kunosvika pamwe guta 700 m. The Ukobvu masvingo aro dzimwe nguva 3.5 m, uye kukwirira ndiyo 20 m. Nhare pamire pamusoro ane 300-mita pamawere pegomo. Kumawere zvakachengeteka kuidzivirira kubva muvengi nechisimba kubva kumabvazuva uye kuchamhembe. Kumaodzanyemba masvingo vakapakata matanho, uye masvingo aro akafara dziri nzvimbo, nhasi anoshandiswa vashanyi kuongorora Panorama muguta uye kweGungwa reCaspian.

Derbentskaya nhare Naryn- Kala Dendere iri irregularly akaumbwa nzvimbo 4.5 Ha. masvingo aro yakashongedzwa akareba anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri vakawanda, riri chinhambwe 25-35 M nepedyo. Ari kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero inomira neshongwe huru iyo rinobatanidza munhare pamwe porusvingo rweguta.

zvemumba kuvakwa

Inside wenhare, unogona kuona yekare Khan dzokugezera pamwe mawindo matenga uye nezvivakwa kuti achiripo kusvikira nguva yedu (dziri matongo). Mumwe zvivako izvi zvave muchinjikwa domed chechi iri V., gare gare dzikwanise muMuslim zvitendero. Uyewo, ari munhare ndiye mukuru Russia Juma Mosque raiva, rakaumbwa muna VIII remakore. Makarekare paiva Khan yamambo, asi nhasi panzvimbo yayo yakaramba chete matongo, riri nyore kutonga kunaka mamiriro ichi.

Zvikurukuru chaikoshawo vari vaviri amabwe rechirwere dzinongoda mukati wenhare. Vakanga avaka Byzantine vanatenzi XI remakore. Midziyo zvakagoverwa yakawanda mvura, izvo akabvumira nhare kukurira refu nechisimba deposition guta. The mvura anopinda tangi kubva matsime panguva inokosha zvedongo uye simbi pombi. Nokuda yevagari vomuguta inopiwa nemvura kunyange kupfuura dzakaoma uye kwete azvipe muvengi. Asi kwete nguva dzose ane haripindiki nhare Derbent. History rine ruzivo kuti muvengi akakwanisa guta, Kusvibisa matsime uye kusiya nevanozvitsigira pasina mvura.

Nhare vakashumira kuzvidzivirira kwete chete, asiwo muzinda muguta. It chaimbova Chancery, kutongwa, uye jeri pevhu (mugomba), kubva izvo musungwa pasingabviri. masvingo aro akaronga panguva necheparutivi, uye mutadzi, kamwe muutapwa, dzakamanikidzwa kufa nenzara. The tirongo riri shure mumatongo Khan mekutongera.

Vanoda kare vanonakidzwa vachishanyira miziyamu chavhurwa munhare. In vanonzi hwakaratidza zvemumba, kuumba, ibwe maturusi, anokosha, zvombo, mari uye zvichingodaro. D. The makore mamwe rarities anoverengeka zvemakore.

Nechepakati nzvimbo chitonge guardhouse, yakavakwa muna 1828 (pashure Dagestan yakava chikamu Russia). Izvi chivakwa mifananidzo vari nhasi, riri kuratidzwa Derbent. guardhouse kunze ari yakashongedzwa zvimiso uye cannons tsarist nguva.

Zvimwe zvikamu zvekudzivira hurongwa

Derbent nenhare, izvo vanotsvaka kuunza mufananidzo Dagestan ose vashanyi vanokwezvwa kwete chete kune wenhare, asi masvingo aro. kureba dzavo muguta iri 3.6? km. Kuchamhembe nokumaodzanyemba mokupera kuvakwa newokuti mumwe. Daro pakati pavo zvichisiyana mamita 300 kusvika 400. Dag nembariro (gomo rusvingo) akanga rwakatambanudzwa 40? Km nenzira Caucasian muhomba. Zvinosuruvarisa, aisagona kuramba yaro yepakutanga muchimiro: munzvimbo dzakawanda, maumbirwo yakadhirika. Sea rusvingo akafukidza pasuo reguta paGungwa reCaspian. Iye mukusanzwisisa mvura yaro uye kunosvika vanoda kusvika hafu kiromita. Sezvo Doug nembariro, gungwa rusvingo vakachengetedzwa muna zvimedu.

gedhi

Mukati madziro wakakombwa kudzivirira hurongwa aiva muduku duku, asi gedhi simba kwazvo, kuburikidza icho kare zvakanga zvichiita kuti kuna Derbent. Havana chete akadzivirira guta, asi haisi kushongedzwa. Gedhi vaenzi vatsigiri uye navatengesi. Zvinoshandisa pakurima dzaiva munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana wakakombwa. Vachiri vakachengetedzwa zvemamiriro vapfumi decor izvo unogona kutonga sei akanaka vakanga kare. Door, rakatarira kurutivi rwokumusoro, uko vari Derbent aigona kuuya muArabhu utsinye akatarisa makuru uye zvaityisa. Kusiyana wavo wokumaodzanyemba pamusuo guta rakanga kwezvokufuka uye dzakatarwa. Nhasi zvakaoma kumisa chaiyo nhamba wemagedhi, sezvo asina vose vakapona.

Mazita zvinotyisa mumitauro

Derbent nhare ane nguva dzose vafambi anoororwa ukuru hwaro uye simba. Vatorwa akachipa mazita akasiyana, asi zvinenge zvose vavo vakapinda neshoko "gedhi". Izvi hazvishamisi, nokuti masvingo wakakombwa vaiva vazhinji madhoo simba kuburikidza izvo zvinopfuura muvengi muna Derbent pasingabviri. VaGiriki vekare inonzi nhare reCaspian Gates, navaArabhu - Bab al-Abva (mukuru), Georgians - Dzgvis Kari (gungwa), uye Turkish vagari - Temir Kapysy (Iron).

Pfungwa imwe chete zvekudzivira rusvingo

Vose vanofarira nhoroondo Derbent uye Derbent nenhare, zvichaita kuziva pamusoro nyanzvi akaratidza pakutanga rokupedzisira remakore, dzidziso maererano iyo kare aivapo mukati Eurasia kuramba nhare mutsetse kugova kondinendi iri miviri. Kuchamhembe kwayo inogarwa madzinza anongofamba kumaodzanyemba - varimi. Ndakagara vanhu vachitambura kubva yokurwiswa muArabhu uye kudzivirira nyika yavo akavaka rusvingo kuzvidzivirira. Vanyori venhau dzakaitika vakanyora mamiriro ayo ose masvingo kuti aivapo panguva dzakasiyana mune kondinendi Eurasian, uye vakashamiswa. Abkhaz, Caucasian, Crimean, Derbent, Balkan Wall, panharirire yeRoma, the Great Wall nezvimwe zvivako guta rekare, vazhinji vasina akapukunyuka kusvikira nhasi, ari kure kare vakaumba ane hworugare cheni. Uye kunyange akaratidza dzidziso haisi kuzivikanwa pamutemo nhoroondo nesayenzi, zvinoita kufungisisa kare kwevanhu.