Kupi uye kana paramende muEngland vanobva? Nhoroondo chidzoke of Parliament British

Parliament - nevakawanda nesarudzo simba chero democratic nyika. It vangava mazita akasiyana. Muna Russian Federation ari kufunga muIsraeri - the Knesset, muGermany - the Bundestag. Nhoroondo simba iri kwakaitika munyika dzakasiyana pamwe mitemo chete munhoroondo. Muenzaniso hurumende yeBritain achaedza kukuudza apo uye kana Paramende muEngland akaonekwa.

Background pamusoro

Zvingangoitika kutevera kuzvarwa British nesarudzo nenyika Peninsula dzinogona kurondwa kubva panguva iyo shure idzodzo nzvimbo Masoja eRoma Roman. Zvokukura statehood vainonoka chaizvo, uye yamambo simba - kusimba. Urban budiriro kwakakonzera kuzvarwa kirasi itsva - the bourgeoisie, izvo kuedza kudzivirira ayo zvarwo, pamwe guru Varidzi panguva mamiriro pamwero.

YaMakoronike zvimwe mumaruwa Chirungu vakanga vachipisira uchapupu kuti sheriffs vomunzvimbo idzi vakatumirwa kurayira anokudzwa Knights madzimambo chokuita mitero uye dzimwe nyaya dzemari. Mambo, Chokwadi, haafaniri pfungwa Knights uye vagari panyaya iyi, uye zvaida zvakakwana sungano maonero ari Crown. Asi maonero vaaitonga akanga achiri kuonekwa. Zviri izvi mamiriro muWestern Europe, pane kereke mumiririri, vane tisaita zvainoita Nzara madzimambo avo - General in France, Germany uye Reichstag paramende kweEngland. History British anorondedzera kwaita sangano iri simba nezita rimwe zvikuru vanhu iyoyo - Simon of Montfort.

youmambo vavariro

Kusembura pakati nemakirasi matatu raizotonga England zvasvika Parainge pakutanga pamusoro XIII remakore. Simba NaAmai Pauline Kabanzi akanga azivikanwa musoro mwanakomana neEngland John King Henry III. Aiva simba uye youmbwende mambo akanga nguva dzose pasi munhu simba. Razdarivaya nyika uye upfumi kuvatorwa, akaita kushatirwa pakati yevagari. Uyezve, nokuti vavariro mhuri yake, Henry aienda kuita hondo nokuda korona kweSisiri, izvo zvakafanira kwaari kuti mwanakomana. Nokuti hondo, akabvunza chetatu nyika mari.

The paramende wokutanga muEngland panguva iyoyo haana kusikwa, saka mambo, hapana munhu aigona kuva hwakasimba uye anonzwisisa nemishonga. Zvinobva mudzidziso yaMakoronike nguva kuti NaAmai Pauline Kabanzi vakanga dzinoronga nokuda yakakurisa dumbu mambo pachake, kuti vane "achirira munzeve dzangu." Taifanira kutora zvikuru matanho.

Kutsamwa zano

On mubvunzo apo uye uko muparamende mu England, mhinduro inogona kuwanikwa muna Ages yaMakoronike, zvakawanda zviri kuunganidza guruva zvakanga zvakachengetedzwa kwezvirongwa mumaraibhurari. Vanogona kuwanikwa kutaura chiitiko kwakaitika Oxford muna 1258. Ipapo NaAmai Pauline Kabanzi, anotsamwiswa nehanya kuti mambo wavo, kanzuru youmambo vakaungana muguta rino. Munyaya akaenda pasi zita "Raging (akagumbuka) zano." Maererano Mutongo NaAmai Pauline Kabanzi, simba vatorwa munyika aihuitira, nyika uye nematende vakapfuura kusvikira Chirungu makurukota, uye zvinhu zvose zvinokosha mambo aifanira kutaurirana guru Varidzi.

Knight uye echimurenga

Zvavakanga kubudirira zvichemo mambo, ivo NaAmai Pauline Kabanzi, uye haana kufunga kuti utarisire nyore Knights uye bourgeoisie. The nyika kwakatanga. Ratidzira Inonyanya yakakura bapiro vapanduki inotungamirwa Simon De Montfort. Pakutanga, hondo yamambo vakakundwa, uye mambo uye mwanakomana wake Edward vakabatwa. Montfort akauya kuLondon uye akatanga kutonga England.

magungano mumiririri

Montfort akanzwisisa kuti simba rake harina kunotsigirwa chero kodzero, zvikuru kusimba. Kuti atonge nyika munzvimbo yake, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti kuhwina kutsigirwa dzakafara zvikamu vanhu. Montfort Mutongo rave kudavira mubvunzo chii chinangwa akasikwa ari Parliament England. Izvi kuchikonzerwa rutsigiro paruzhinji, kugamuchira kugara majekiseni zvemari, nokusimbaradza simba roumambo mumunda.

Muna 1265, London akanga akaunganidza musangano wevatatu pfuma makirasi Ages England. Zvainge akakoka dzomudzimu uye magnates, uyewo vamiririri chivalry uye dzomumaguta bourgeoisie. Mutauro womunyika yomuchinda Ishe ipapo makore akawanda gare gare sei, aiva French uye Chirungu romuturikiri Kutaura rakashandiswa bedzi vanhuwo zvavo uye navapfuri vesimbi. Saka, Parliament wakanzi mune French nenzira. Mudzi Shoko iri ndiro French "parlo", iro rinoreva kuti "kutaura".

Kupera Montfort

nechisimba Most refu ainakidzwa zvipo okukunda ake. Uye Montfort vakakurumidza kukanganwa simba uye akaurayiwa mutsimba vatsigiri Prince Edward. King Power rikaporeswa, uye chidzidzo kubva pane zvakaitika rwaiwanikwa.

Election musangano akasiya vanhu simba kunyange pashure Montfort. Asi apo kana Paramende muEngland akazviratidza pashure pezviitiko izvi - ndiyo imwe nyaya.

London Parliament

Ziva uye royalties ndoga ruzivo nechokwadi chokuti pasina vatsigire Knights uye vanhu vomuguta hazvizovi nyore kudzora England. Kunyange pashure pokufa Montfort Paramende muEngland kuMiddle Ages akararama uye kuita mamwe mabasa. Somuenzaniso, kuitira kudzivisa mimwe kusagadzikana kwevanhu, muna 1297 King Edward akasaina chirevo, maererano risina mutero haagoni kusumwa muUmambo pasina kufarirwa kwayo paramende.

The yokupedzisira yakanga yakavakwa pamusoro pemisimboti zvaidiwa Pakuurayiwa chibvumirano - pakudaro akaisa nheyo kururamisira ano. Transparent chibvumirano ngaakuitirei pakati hurumende uye roumambo nyaya anosimbiswa zvinoenderana chibvumirano kuchabatsirawo uye kuti, uye rimwe divi. Chete chimiro sarudzo musangano kubvira ipapo zvachinja.

Parliament muEngland Vakaronga

Sezvo simba zvachose muEngland kodzero Paramende raishanda kuMiddle Ages, kubva 1265. Vamiririri vanoda kwamachinda uye vafundisi yakakwirira vakagamuchira gwaro zita, achivabvumira kutora chikamu pabasa yeparamende uye vakawanda kukokwa ariko nyore Knights uye veguta.

Sezvo Parliament hwakagadzwa muna England, unogona kuonekwa ano hurumende British - pashure pemakore 900 ari umhare simba iri zvinenge hapana yachinja. The yose Paramende rakakamurwa makamuri maviri. Chokutanga - Mumba Lords - inosanganisira vazukuru avo NaAmai Pauline Kabanzi kuti muchirongwa "Raging kanzuru." Ndivo vamiririri vanoda kwamachinda uye kwamachinda pakunamata. Muzana XIV remakore, vafundisi vakasiya paramende musangano, asi gare gare vakadzoka ake mumapoka. The imba repasi - Mumba Commons - yepasisa venhaka nevaya vekare vakatumwa "mukuru kukokwa". Ndivo vazukuru Knights uye vagari vakapfuma. Pari, vamiririri yeImba Commons zvinosanganisira vevatariri yekwataigara kwamachinda, nzanga yeko akapa kumirira zvavanoda muguta guru.

Kugona kudzora simba zvakananga rakapiwa riwedzere kuti kukura vomunharaunda kuzvitonga - magungano vomunharaunda vakasikwa vari mumaruwa siyana uye dzomumaguta zvido vakanga akadzivirira pamusoro mapuranga.

Tinovimba kuti nyaya ino ichava pachena apo uye kupi Parliament England kukaonekwa. Takurukura zvizere matambudziko yakanga musarudzo hurongwa kuzvitonga madzimambo Chirungu kuMiddle Ages.