Ismail Gasprinskii munhoroondo kuCrimea

Ismail Gasprinskii, ane upenyu uye basa vari muenzaniso vazhinji - chinoshamisa Crimean mudzidzisi, munyori, muparidzi uye nomukurumbira. In neKwayedza, ratinoparidza muchidimbu Biography munhu akakurumbira munhu. Nesuwo kukuudza pamusoro basa reDare Ismail Gasprinskii munhoroondo Crimea.

Origin, pauduku

Ismail akaberekwa muna March 1851. chiitiko ichi chakaitika mumusha Avdzhikoy yaiva pedyo Bakhchisaray. baba vake aiva refutenendi ainzi Mustafa. Primary dzidzo Ismail Gasprinskii pamba, achibva kudzidza musha kuchikoro-mektebe (zvikoro Muslim). Pashure paizvozvo, vakapedza kudzidza Simferopol jimunasiyamu ipapo akanga akanyoresa Voronezh kadheti Corps.

Munguva kubva 1864 kusvika 1867, Ismail Bey Gasprinskii kudzidza Moscow chikoro rechiuto. Ita yakadaro repamusoro sangano zvaaigona nekuti baba vake aiva rinoitirwa. Uyezve, Mustafa Gasprinskii ndowenyika genus of Crimean Murza, uyo kwaenzaniswa ukuwo Russian kwamachinda.

neshamwari zvinokosha, paumbwe dzidziso

Ismail muMoscow vakava shamwari nomwanakomana Mihaila Katkova, mupepeti "Moscow News" uye akakurumbira Slavophile. Vamwe nguva Gasprinskii aigara mhuri yake. Zvisinei, nokukurumidza kumusha kwake. Ismail akatanga achidzidzisa Bakhchisarai (mu Zincirli Madrasa) muna 1867. Pashure 3 years, akaenda kuna Paris, apo akapinda hurukuro paImba Sorbonne uye aishanda mushanduri uye aiva munyori IS Turgenev, akakurumbira Russian munyori.

Zvadaro Gasprinskii rinenge gore waigara Istanbul. Kubva ipapo akanyorera tsamba kuna mumapepanhau Russian. Kunze, Ismail akatora pfungwa uye ruzivo, izvo zvino creatively zvichishandurwa. Ivo akapfupikisa kuva musoro dzematongerwe, pakupedzisira dzikava chinoshamisa muvandudzi Gasprinsky.

hofisi

Kudzokera Crimea Ismail kwenguva yakati akashanda somudzidzisi. Zvisinei, muna February 1879 akava meya weguta Bakhchisarai. Panzvimbo ino Gasprinskii akagara kusvikira March 1884

Gasprinsky gadzira pfungwa dzake

Muna 1881, Ismail akanyora rondedzero vanoda "Russian Islam. Thoughts, manotsi uye zvaanorumbidza ose muMuslim." Basa iri rava mhando rezvedzidzo Manifesto, uye kwete chete nokuda Gasprinsky. Pepa ichi, munyori anopiwa vanonzi "mibvunzo vakatukwa" upenyu. Imhandoi ukama kunofanira kuva pakati kuRussia uye wechiTatar? Chii chinofanira kuva Russian vaMuslim (Tatars) chokuita Russian? To chii chinangwa anotsvaka zviremera Russian chokuita Tatars, uye kana chaitwa? All izvi mibvunzo mubereko Gasprinsky.

Ismail zvikuru inodaro kushaya munhu coherent mutemo kuti zvingadai zvakakurudzira kupararira pfungwa wokuRussia ibudirire pamusoro vaMuslim. Gasprinskii anonyora kuti kwakaunza zvibereko zvakawanda kwazvo Russian vaMuslim, uye zvavo nokuda nyika. Munyori manotsi kuti Russian Islam haafungi, haazvizivi zvinodiwa Russian wehurumende. Asinganzwisisi pfungwa dzake, zvido, asingazivikanwi kuti mufaro wake uye kusuwa. Uyezve, kushaya ruzivo mutauro wokuRussia insulates Russian Muslim kubva Russian mabhuku uye pfungwa, uyewo zvakasikwa tsika. Gasprinskii anoti kuti yakazoona yanyura mumadhaka mashura navatana pfungwa kuti anosiiwa vamwe vanhu. The chikonzero kwezvirwere zvakawanda, maererano Ismail, ndiyo kushaya misoro, coherent mutemo nokuda inorodcheskogo uye heterodox kwevanhu.

Nokupfupikisa pfungwa zviri murondedzero yake, Gasprinskii anoti kuti convergence wokuRussia vaMuslim vane Russian mamiriro kunodzivisa kusaziva, icho chinoreva kusavimba. Chii zvisaitika chinorehwa nemashoko munyori pakadai? Gasprinskii anotenda kuti mukufamba madrassas Muslim vanofanira kusuma sayenzi siyana chepuraimari kudzidzisa mumutauro wechiTatar. Nokuda ichi vari vaMuslim zvakatipoteredza kuchaita pinda ruzivo pasina kukuvadza Hurumende. Izviwo, mutsai njere pamwero vafundisi uye veboka pakati. Saka zvinoita kuti kubvisa yakawanda rusaruro. Chimwe aronga Gasprinsky, - kusikwa akanaka ezvinhu kuti bhuku mishonga akadhindwa mumutauro wechiTatar.

Jadidism

Ismail, sezvo akazvipira muMuslim, muna nechekumberi anokwirira nokuumba kudzorwa munharaunda dzavanhu vanoti Islam. Jadid kuchinja anova anobudirira mhinduro dzemibvunzo kutambudzirei mudzidzisi. Zviri achionga Ismail kwakapararira pakati vaMuslim vaigara Russia.

Jadidism zvinganaka nadzurudzo chirongwa chokuita dzidzo. chikuru nzvimbo dzayo zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:

• nekushandura kudzidziswa vaMuslim, ikasara zvinoenderana European chechetere;
• paumbwe imwe yakabatana ose vanhu Turkic mutauro chaiko;
• kusika philanthropic uye veruzhinji;
• wedzera ehurumende kuroorana, shanduko mune nzvimbo pavakadzi Muslim;
• simbisa huripo hukama pakati Turkic-vaMuslim vanhu vaigara Russia.

Newspaper "Terdzhiman"

Gasprinskii akatevera anokudzwa misimboti, rakaziviswa vakatanga mabasa chinoshingaira rokudzidzisa. Somuenzaniso, muna April 1883, akatanga kubudisa muna Bakhchisarai pepanhau rinonzi "Terdzhiman" ( "Mushanduri"). Kwemakore akawanda, razova chete nzira kuRussia Turkish pepanhau. In "Terdzhimane" akadhindwa mashoko chokuita kudiwa nyaya. Pepanhau vakabuda sezvo Crimean Tatar uye mitauro Russian.

Pakutanga, bhuku iri vhiki nevhiki, asi gare gare akabuda uye katatu pavhiki, uye zuva nezuva. "Terdzhiman" kusvikira parufu rwake Gasprinsky, vakasvika muna 1914, uyewo mamwe makore 4 pashure. Mumakore aya, pepanhau mupepeti aiva mwanakomana wake Refat.

Mamwe mapepanhau nemagazini, izvo zvakabudiswa Gasprinskii

Mumwe pepanhau, iyo inobudiswa Ismail Gasprinskii - pavhiki "Millet" ( "Rudzi"). Naiyewo kusunungurwa chemadzimai magazini, "Alemi nisvan" ( "Women kuti World"). Shefika Gasprinsky, mukunda waIshimaeri, akanga ari mupepeti wemagazini ino. Asi kwete kuti mabhuku ose eBhaibheri Gasprinsky. Akavasunungurira magazini chevana pamusoro mutauro Crimean "subyan Alemi" ( "Vana World"). Uyewo kunokosha nezve iri bhuku chinosetsa inonzi "Ha-ha-ha!", Iro rakavakwa Ismail Gasprinskii. Biography ake, sezvaungaona, kwakaratidzwa asunungurwe vanoverengeka magazini nemapepanhau.

Kutanga mutauro Turkic

Ismail akatsvaka nechokwadi kuti Turkic vanhu vaigara Russia, vave vakabatana pachishandiswa pakusika zvakafanana mutauro Turkic. Language Gasprinskii vaiona hwaro nezvokuvapo Turkic yokubatana. Ismail vakaedza kutanga kuita mitauro kuchinja. Aidavira kuti "kubatana mutauro" hadziiti pachayo, sezvo kana ungano yose mutauro uye typological zvakafanana. mitauro yose Turkic dzavanhu zvakasiyana chaizvo. Idanho rinokosha kurutivi convergence awa ose vakatanga kuva pamusoro Turkish imwe mhando Esperanto. Izvi mutauro akasikwa inobva Crimean Tatar (yayo upgraded shanduro).

Education Reform

The dzidzo Hurongwa anonzi Gasprinskii, yakanga wavawo nzvimbo inokosha aida zvikuru kuchinja. Ismail kwakasimbiswa nzira chaiyo chikoro. Wakatanga akaedzwa muna Bakhchisarai chikoro muna 1884. The chikuru mukana nzira iyi yaiva yokunyatsodzidza nyaya pane red kudzidza rakasviba magwaro. Mukuwedzera, muna zvatinokanganisa vachishingaira vanoshandisa mutauro wavo waamai, asi izvi hazvirevi haabatanidzi kudzidza Russian, Arabic uye mitauro yokuEurope.

Nemhaka zvikoro kushandisa nzira Gasprinsky, mumakore 15 remakore rechi20, chizvarwa itsva Crimean Tatar vakadzidza vokutanga. Vakanga dzakaumbwa sezvo vokuEurope, asi pasina kurasikirwa vaMuslim ani.

Recognition, congresses vaMuslim Russian

Muna 1903, rechi20 gore pepanhau "Terdzhiman" kwava mhando Forum National. It Gasprinskii zvakazivikanwa se "baba rwacho Russian vaMuslim." Yokutanga Muslim Congress akanga rinoitwa Implementation pfungwa dzavo Turkic-Islamic yokubatana.

Ismail Gasprinskii muna 1905 akava sachigaro First Congress of vaMuslim yeRussia. Congress iyi chakaratidza kutanga kubatanidzwa zvose Russian Tatars. ReCongress yechipiri yakaitwa January 1906 kuSt Petersburg. Ismail Gasprinskii aiva sachigaro uye pamusoro payo. Panguva chiitiko ichi, kwakasarudzwa kuumba Union of vechiMuslim weRussia. Muna August, 1906 pedyo Nizhny Novgorod akasangana Third Congress. Kwakasarudzwa zvokuchinja hwakagadzwa Union of vechiMuslim (Ittifaq al-Muslimin) mune enyika kunyanya bato. chirongwa Its kwaibva dzematongerwe enyika Pan-Turkism.

Ismail Gasprinskii: nhetembo uye prose

I.Gasprinskiy anozivikanwa kwete chete sezvo nomukurumbira, asiwo se unyanzvi munyori. Akanyora anoverengeka mabasa zvinoshamisa ounyanzvi. Gasprinsky nyaya enganonyorwa ( "Arslan kyz", "Molla Abbas", "Makore Zana Gare gare") dzakabudiswa mupepanhau "Terdzhiman".

Uye sezvo nyanduri anozivikanwa I.Gasprinskiy. nhetembo ake pamusoro Crimea uye Crimeans ikozvino kuzivikanwa nevakawanda. Zvisinei enhetembo nhaka Munyori uyu muduku. nhetembo dzake (pamusoro Crimea -. "Crimea", etc.) haasi uyewo kuzivikanwa pamusana ake paruzhinji uye mabhuku basa.