The House of Commons Huru Britain: murayiro inotungamirwa, akafanana

The Parliament of Zimbabwe - mumwe mukuru wemunda-mumiririri miviri munyika. It rakaumbwa muna 1265 uye zvishoma kuchinja ikoko kusvikira nhasi. Parliament British ine makamuri vaviri Lords uye Commons. First Zvisinei, uye anonzi pasi, achiri wakakurira zvikuru kana asina kusarudza basa Paramende yeBritain.

"Ambuya," mumiririri miviri zvenyika

The Paramende British anonzi saizvozvo. Iye yave kushanda kwemakore anoda kusvika makore 800! Pafunge! Munhoroondo yenyika, kwete nyika zhinji anozvikudza refu kuvapo yakadaro. Panguva ino, paramende akaramba pasina kuchinja uye muna 1265, uye nhasi inoumbwa rezasi uye okumusoro, uye namambo. Nhoroondo yacho iri zvakabatana chaizvo nomuviri ichi mamiriro, nokuti (muviri), uye anotarisira. Mitemo nemirayiro, kuchinja kukosha - ose mabasa reParamende. It dzinogona voruzhinji, uyewo zviito hurumende. Kwemazana emakore anoverengeka Paramende British ndiwo musimboti weupenyu enyika muUnited Kingdom.

Saka pasi kana kwete?

Kana tikatevera muitiro kuchinja enyika uye ukuru simba yamakamuri hakuna kuoma kugumisa kuti kutonga rezasi yomukati. Zviri vachichengetwa uyu sarudzo kutora nzvimbo, vamhan'ari vapinda mairi chete kuburikidza nesarudzo maitiro uye chinonyanya refu-refu kuvapo pane kuita basa guru. Nhengo dzeParamende eimba Commons ndivo mukuru wehurumende zvemitemo. Ivo nguva dzose kuva pamusoro kupomba ari mudzimba uye dzimwe zviitiko nekukurumidza kupindura dzakasiyana-siyana mune zvoupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika uye magariro evanhu nezvipikirwa. Somugumisiro ndiro rine chokwadi Paramende inogona kurondwa kunyange cursory kuziva wemunda-mumiririri muviri mabasa.

Paumbwe yeImba Commons uye kodzero dzokuvhota

The House of Commons Huru Britain, nenheyo hwesarudzo, ane chimwe chinangwa. Sezvo chikazozikamwa, ushe maviri nebato hurongwa. Uye zvose enyika simba hondo achienda pakati pemapoka maviri. Somugumisiro sarudzo dzeparamende kuuya vamiririri vavo. Zvino zviri nyore nokuti vane Pati vazhinji, uye ichatonga zvinogara. ino atova zvetsika UK, pamwe mapato ayo Whigs uye Tories, vava kunzi liberals uye kuzvikudza azvaitwa.

mumhemberero sarudzo, vagari vose chabudirira nemakore 18, kugara muruwa, uyewo akaita kuti voter kunyoresa mazita. mazita aya paainyora pagore munguva kusvikira 10 October. Uye musi November 29, ndokuisa pamusoro vanoratidza kuti aone pedyo vagari uye zvichiita kuchinja pavo.

Zvinofanira akati kuti pane tsamba gadziriro sarudzo, uyewo simba gweta kana urwere kana kusavapo muruwa panguva yesarudzo.

Sezvo dzimwe nyika, kubatanidzwa sarudzo Musabvisa vagari mupfungwa kurwara, dzimwe vanhu kushumira mitsetse guva uye kunyanya guva kwemhosva, munhu nemhosva kusatendeseka munyika musarudzo haana nemakore 18, uyewo vezera, kunze Irish.

Ndiani unogona akasarudzirwa Parliament?

The House of Commons chakaumbwa vagari, kuMudzidzisi tsika pusa suffrage. kodzero akadaro hunopiwa vagari vose zvasvika makore 21 okuberekwa kunze:

- the mupfungwa kurwara;

- akabhadhara vatongi vehurumende;

- vezera uye peress kunze Irish, sezvo vasina kodzero kuva nhengo yacho raPamusoro yeParamende British;

- vashandi vehurumende (uyo anoda kubatanidzwa nesananguro mushandi wehurumende anofanira kutanga kusiya nzvimbo yavo basa, uye ipapo kuva mumiriri);

- servicemen (uyo anoda kubatanidzwa sarudzo mukuru anofanira kutanga kusiya uye ipapo angamira);

- misoro paruzhinji makambani (somuenzaniso, BBC);

- nhengo vafundisi.

Kana munhu asingadi kundosangana pamusoro zvinodiwa, hachigoni kuvhota. Muzviitiko apo asati sarudzo akashaikwa candidature anogona kutorwa panguva sarudzo uye kunyange pashure pavo. Ipapo nzvimbo haanzi shama, uye sarudzo inoitwa zvakare. Kusarudzwa nhengo yeImba Commons achava zvose masimba zvinobatika.

The rokuti simba

The richangobva kusarudzwa nhengo dzeparamende hunopiwa kodzero kwenguva 5 years. Zvisinei, munhu anofanira kufunga pfungwa pokutaura uye nokuzvidzora nemukuparadzwa. With maererano wokutanga, zvingasava kunyange kupa Prime Minister of Great Britain, uye namambo, akavapindurawo, chaizvoizvo, "Rugwaro" ezvinhu kuramba kwake chaiko. The Prime Minister inogona atungamirirwe siyana chokwadi, kazhinji akafanirwa kune neizvi muParamende. Somuenzaniso, pashure peHondo Yenyika II, paramende wokutanga, aishandira yose rokuti, akasarudzwa muna 1992.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko (izvo zvinoitika chaizvo Kashoma) UK Parliament anogona kuzivisa nemukuparadzwa kwayo kana kuti kuwedzerwa masimba aro. With maererano wokutanga, kokupedzisira izvi makore anopfuura 100 apfuura - muna 1911. Uye kana isu kutaura pamusoro kuwedzera wokureva, vakatora nzvimbo panguva First uye Second World Wars.

Kuronga uye Regional inotungamirwa

The House of Commons achiumbwa pamusoro 659 nhengo. Nhamba iyi haina nguva dzose kuita izvi, dzinosiyana-siyana zvichienderana chitsama kukura chavagari mumaruwa uye maguta nyika. Somuenzaniso, mumakore 70 apfuura, nhamba rezasi imba yakawedzera 10%.

Kana tikafunga Zvinoumba munhu remunharaunda maonero, cheshumba inorwara dzimwe nhengo dzeParamende kubva kuEngland - 539 nhengo Scotland dzinomiririrwa zvigaro 61, Wales - uye Northern Ireland 41 - 18 nzvimbo.

Party sezvamunoita aumbwa zvichienderana nebasa zvaitwa, uyewo unyanzvi paruzhinji anosimudzirwa mumaruwa uye maguta. Ndinofanira kutaura, kurwisana anotyisa zvokuti, hapana anoda kutsigira pasi, uye vakawanda manzwi siyana zvishoma.

Mukurukuri repasi yokumusoro

The House of Commons haisi boka wevatariri, kubatanidza chinangwa nevakawanda. The muviri ane akanyatsorongwa yakajeka, uye vanhu vanoita mamwe mabasa. Kwakadaro zvinzvimbo zvishoma, uye anosanganisira mutauri pamwe wevatariri ake matatu, Imba mutungamiri, uyewo mupurisa.

Mutauri ndiye mumwe Chamber of vevatariri akasarudzwa navo kuti pachake kufarirwa namambo. Kazhinji, ivo kusarudzwa kupfuura yakavimbika nhengo mubato, kunyange zvazvo kunze kuitika. Election yaro zvichiitika kamwe, asi panzvimbo yake akaramba kusvikira kusvikira kurasikirwa pasarudzo kana musingadi kuenda pachavo. Mutauriri nokuti wakaiswa kushanda pave murayiro mharidzo vevatariri. Kuti ndiye oga rworudyi gakava zvapera. Somugumisiro, kukosha uye mutauri kunzvimbo dzakaderera imba Paramende yeBritain chaizvo mukuru. Pachiitwa masimba aro Mutauriri anopfeka nguo wigi chena. Chii kunakidza, pashure kuguma izwi akanga paakavapa musoro Baron, izvo zvinomuita nhengo yokumusoro imba.

Deputy Mutauriri, Mutungamiri, mabharani uye chikonzi

Kune zvitatu nemutevedzeri mutauri. Chokutanga ndiyewo sachigaro nenzira. Ake basa ndiko kutsiva mukurukuri kana vasipo. Kana asipo uye kwemasimba kune mamwe maviri wevatariri. Vatariri matatu vanosarudzwa kubva pakati vevatariri pamusoro panyaya yokusarudza mutungamiri House.

Mutungamiri hakuna kukosha mukuru pamusoro Chamber. Nzvimbo iyi haisi zvokuwedzera. Mutungamiri aizogadza wehurumende Great Britain, sezvo mutemo, kusarudza weveta zvikuru uye anoremekedzwa mufananidzo Chamber.

Secretary mabasa vanotumirwa mabharani, uyo kubatsira vari 2 mubatsiri. The chikuru basa mazano mabharani vari kusvitsa kumutauri, rinopikisa hurumende. Somugumisiro, iye, pamwe Mutauriri mutungamiriri House ndeimwe inokosha vanhu. Safety muimba yepazasi - mubvunzo National kukosha, riri basa chikonzi.

A nzvimbo misangano

Kare, musangano zvose makamuri kuitika paMuzinda Westminster. Green kamuri wakapiwa wenharaunda yaitongwa rezasi imba, vaduku kukura uye anotarisa zvikuru aizvininipisa. On maviri akatarirana pamativi mukamuri vanoiswa zvigaro. Pakati pane ndima pakati pavo. Panoperera mukamuri ndiyo nzvimbo mutauri cheya, pashure hombe tafura - nzvimbo makirabhu. Next kumutauri petafura akagara vanamabharani uye vakamushumira zano. Vatariri vakatora zvigaro pamusoro nemabhenji nokuda chikonzero: kurutivi rworudyi Mutauriri agere dzimwe nhengo dzeParamende kubva mubato, kuruboshwe - rinopikisa.

Pamberi pamberi mitsara nemabhenji kurutivi rumwe norumwe akatsvuka mitsetse - muganhu. Vari riri chinhambwe minondo miviri urefu nepedyo. Munguva gakava, navabati rambidzwa kuyambuka mutsetse. Panguva mharadzano, zvinofungidzirwa kuti mukurukuri anoda kurwisa nemuvengi waro. The pamberi zvigaro tacitly zvakachengeterwa ehurumende uye vatungamiriri kupikiswa.

Pedyo nepedyo, asi kwete kupenga ...

A pachena aizoonekawo hwakapiwa simba rapazasi imba, haisi nzvimbo yakakwana. On the bhenji pane chete 427. Kunyange zvazvo yekunwa kuti House anogara 659 wevatariri. Saka vanhu vanopfuura 200 kuva pasuo. Kubva Muvhuro kusvika China wokupedzisira achishanda vhiki, dzimwe nguva misangano inoitwa musi yeChishanu. Muzviitiko dzinobatanidza ngozi parunyararo rwenyika, navabati kuzorora zuva rimwe - musi weSvondo.

Most ichangopfuura, musangano aibvumirwa kuitwa imwe mukamuri mumuzinda - Westminster Hall. Zvisinei, mibvunzo inokosha havanzwisisi nayo.

matare

Chokupedzisira shanduro chisarudzo uye Chamber mitemo kana mabhiri vari makomiti siyana:

• Permanent. Created pakutanga rakatevera ungano Paramende uye chiito panguva dzose kwemasimba ake. zita rayo hazvirevi kugara kwayo sezvamunoita. Committees, uyewo House of Commons musarudzo vakashandisa mumwe nguva kuumba uye kuongorora mabhiri itsva.
• Special. Paramende yeBritain, pane 14 chaiwo makomiti. chikuru basa ravo kuongorora mabasa oushumiri. ino hwakagadzwa muna 1979 uye anoonekwa somunhu anokosha kuchinja remakore, iyo ambotirega qualitatively kuvandudza mabasa nehurumende.
• Session. Vamwe matare zvakasikwa mugore t. E. To yechirongwa muparamende, nei vakanwisa zita ravo. Izvi kunyanya mumatare maindasitiri, uye ivo unoshanda vakaraira mukati yezvinoreva House of Commons pacharo.

Kuwedzera mhando huru matatu mumatare hwakagadzwa zvimwe zviitiko zvabatanidzwa. Zvinosanganisira vamiririri vaviri Dzimba Parliament, sezvo sei zvido uye nzanga, uye madzishe.

Saka, zvematongerwo enyika muUnited Kingdom, kukura pamusoro emakore zvenhoroondo kwayo, yasvika kure. Rinonyatsooneka nguva waro nokuumbwa ndiye chisikwa uye Kushanduka vanhu vakaderera mumiririri muviri - muparamende. Somugumisiro pakati kwakarongeka ezvinhu kushanda makamuri ayo zvino UK ndiyo imwe vaitungamirira nyika iri upfumi nyika uye zvematongerwo enyika. Imba Commons panguva imwe chete kukonzera mune zvematongerwe kuchinja uye socio-zvoupfumi kuchinja mukati hurumende.