Informatics. Zvinokosha algorithms uye zvirongwa

Kunyora mafomu kunosiyana kunzwisisa, unofanira kutanga kuwana zivo pamusoro sei kuzviita. Uye chinodiwa kutanga zvinokosha algorithms uye zvirongwa. Ndizvo nezvazvo, tichataura ari gadziriro yacho.

Chii kombiyuta nesayenzi?

Saka akadana Complex hwokugadzira sayenzi ane basa - systematization nzira rakasikwa, kubudiswa, achitumira, uye kubereka kunze Data vachishandisa kombiyuta. Zvinoshandawo mairi zvinotaurwa kushanda uye basa nzira, iyo kubatsira kuita vavariro. Shoko rokuti "kombiyuta" rinobva French uye ari chemasanganiswa mashoko "ruzivo" uye "Automatic". It akasimuka kuburikidza kukura uye kufambiswa michina mitsva rokuchera, kubudiswa, uye yedzimudzangara kuti vakasonganira Kuda kutamba zvavo pakombiyuta zvenhau. Ndizvo rakatanga kombiyuta. Zvinokosha algorithms uye zvirongwa zviri chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha mirayiridzo nesayenzi ichi.

Ko iye sei?

Asati kombiyuta nesayenzi ndedzinotevera mabasa:

1. Hardware uye Software rutsigiro makombiyuta.
2. Achishandisa matauriro aanoita pakati pomunhu kombiyuta yenhengo pamwechete.

Shoko rokuti "inowanikwa" rinowanzoshandiswa kureva rwokugadzira chikamu. Pano tine zvemasanga chirongwa. Zvinokosha algorithms uye zvirongwa anogara kushandiswa kana ukaronga vakawanda kuparadzirwa mishonga kuti "vakafunga" kuhwina yakafarikana vateereri. Handiti, kuti zvinobatsira kushanda vari dzakabudirira vanofanira optimally kushanda uye tarira.

The algorithm

Vanokwanisa kunyorwa vakawanda nzira. kupfuura mukurumbira ndedzinotevera:

1. Kutukana-definable tsananguro. Chinorehwa chaiyo placement chorugwaro uye Masvomhu izvo ichatsanangura zvinoitwa nekuita ose nomumwe zviitiko.
2. Flowchart. Rinoreva kuvapo yakajeka zviratidzo hunoita kudyidzana purogiramu kunzwisisa unhu mukati pachavo uye nedzimwe mafomu kana chikamu kombiyuta Hardware. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ave kukonzera imwe basa, nzira kana mutoo.
3. Algorithmic mitauro. Zvinonzi zvaireva pakusikwa yoga nzira kutsanangura chaizvo nyaya iyo inoratidza zvinhu uye kutevedzana mabasa.
4. Operator zano. Zvinonzi zvaireva pakasikwa kumumvuri - nayo kucharatidzwa maererano nesungano nzira kuti achaparadzanisa operands.

The ekunyebera romutemo. Sketch of marangwanda purogiramu.

rekodhi algorithm

How atange kusika ayo mapurogiramu kumumvuri, mabasa kana maitirwo acho? Kuti aite izvi, kushandisa mukuru vanorumbidza zvikuru zvakadai:

1. Mumwe algorithm anofanira kuva zita renyu, iro rinotsanangura zvarinoreva.
2. Iva nechokwadi kutarisira kuvapo kutanga uye magumo.
3. chiyamuro uye goho Data anofanira kurondedzerwa.
4. Vanofanira kuratidza chikwata icho ucharizadzisa zvimwe zviito mashoko akananga.

kutsikisa Nzira

The algorithm zvingava vakawanda shanu. Asi pano Ndiyo nzira kunyora zviviri chete:

1. Formal-cheshoko. It kunoratidzwa muna kuti rondedzero chinoitwa kunyanya nokushandisa Masvomhu uye mashoko. Content uyewo kutevedzana matanho ari algorithm muchiitiko ichi chakanyorwa inongoitika mutauro ari nyanzvi chimiro.
2. Kwakajeka. Rakajairika. Nokuti iye, vachishandisa nechigumbuso vatambi kana charts. Kubatana pakati pavo anoratidzwa nokubatsira dzinokosha mitsetse.

Mamiriro anovandudza Software

Pane mhando huru nhatu:

1. Linear. With mamiriro ichi, vose matanho anoteererwa sequentially uchitanga tungamidzana uye kamwe chete. The Dunhu sokunge dzakatevedzana zvinogumbura, akaronga kubva kumusoro kusvikira pasi, zvichienderana murayiro kuuraya dzavo. The zvichiguma zvepuraimari uye zvenguva Data vasakanganise mirayiridzo computational muitiro.
2. Branching. Ndakawana kwakapararira kushanda mu tsika, iri kugadzirisa matambudziko akaoma. Saka, kana uchida kufungawo kutanga ezvinhu kana zvokungoitawo zvabuda, ivo Masvomhu zvakafanira anoteererwa maererano navo uye peDare computational muitiro dzingasiyana zvichienderana mugumisiro.

Cyclical. Kurerutsa basa rako chete nhamba mabasa, zvimwe zvikamu bumbiro zvine musoro kuti kudzokororwa kakawanda. Kwete taurira nguva yakawanda sei uye chii chaunofanira kuita kushandisa cyclic marongerwo. It anopa nhevedzano mirayiro zvichawanika kudzokororwa kusvikira yakati ezvinhu. Kushandisa zvishwe anobvumira kuti kuderedza kunzwisisa kunyora chirongwa.

zvirongwa

Inokosha kusarudza mutauro zvirongwa iyo chirongwa zvichabviswa akasikwa. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vazhinji vavo "mujeri" pasi dzakananga anodawo ezvinhu (somuenzaniso, ari mubrowser). Kazhinji, zvirongwa mitauro dziri mapoka mapoka maviri:

1. Functionality.
2. opareta:

- hapana kurapwa;

- kurapwa.

Ungafungidzira ndeupi wavo zvinowanzoshandiswa? Operator-treatment - ndiyo mhinduro. Vangave zvainanga muchina kana yakazvimirira. Aimbova zvinosanganisira assemblers, autocode rokufananidzira Coding. Independent yakakamurwa kwakavakirwa zvadziri:

• kurapwa;
• dambudziko;
• chinhu.

Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane chiyero chayo. Asi kunyora zvirongwa (hunoshatisa mafomu kana mitambo) anowanzodanwa kushandiswa chinhu-orientrovannye mitauro. Chokwadi, unogona kushandisa mamwe, asi kuti ivo ndivo vakava vakawanda zvakanaka kusika okupedzisira zvibereko kudyiwa kuti vakawanda. Oh, uye kana uri usati chiratidzo Kunyatsozadzika kutanga kupi, I kupa kuteerera zvinokosha algorithms uye chinhu vaifarira zvirongwa. Zvino ichi ndicho mukurumbira chaizvo rwendo, apo unogona kuwana mashoko akawanda edzidzo. Kazhinji, zvinokosha algorithms uye zvirongwa mitauro zvino zvakakodzera nokuti kuti pane kuperevedza unyanzvi Developers, uye avo kukosha mune ramangwana chete kukura.

mhedziso

Kana tichishanda algorithms (uye zvadaro pamwe zvirongwa) vanofanira kutsvaka kufunga kuburikidza zvose nemaduku. Naizvozvo unexamined nezvezviratidzo mumwe bumbiro mugove zvichaita kunongokonzera mamwe basa, kuwedzera kukura mutengo uye nguva basa. Kunyatsoronga uye Kukurukura nuances zvose zvichaita yekudyidzana kuponesa nguva, kushanda nesimba uye mari. Zvakanaka, zvino ndinogona kutaura kuti pashure kuverenga nyaya ino, une pfungwa pamusoro zvinokosha algorithms uye zvirongwa. Zvazvinosarira chete kushandisa ruzivo urwu. Kana uchida kuongorora nyaya muudzame, ndinogona kutokurudzira bhuku "Basics of algorithms uye zvirongwa" (Semakin Shestakov) 2012.