Guta guru reRussia yekare: wokutanga uye inotevera

Kufarira munhoroondo amarudzi necheSalvic, kunyanya kumabvazuva bazi, nhasi ari kuwedzera zuva nezuva. Nguva pachaunga pane dzidziso uye hypotheses kuti kuputsa akasimbisa chokwadi, agodzivisa kana kuasimbisa. Pane nharo akapoteredza nyaya chii guta raiva zita guru Russia yekare. Ngatitaurei edza kunzwisisa izvi.

Nengano olden nguva

Kana uchitenda ngano uye yaMakoronike, aburuka kwatiri kubva panguva yakare, ndiye Kyiv mai mumaguta Russian. Polyansky namachinda vakabatana madzinza necheSalvic uye vakaisa mugomo guta, rakanga zvakaziviswa sezvo yaaigara. Around remakore rechishanu (musi nheyo ano Ukrainian guru) guta rakakura uye kwakatanga uye akakura akasimba uye nyika naye. Kana mawere kumahombekombe Dnieper akasvika yacho VaViking, Kiev atova rinozivikanwa Shopping Centre mudunhu. Ruric uyu waita mujenya nehurumende uye muzinda simba rake kumusoro Ages nyika.

Hurumende akakura, uye paiva zvizvarwa kwomuchinda mhuri zhinji. Munhu wose aida kutonga uye nheyo guta, iro aizviti muchinda. Saka, kutanga guta guru Russia yekare vakagamuchira zvishoma rubatsiro, vorongerwa zhinji. Uye kana upfumi uye simba muKiev akadzimwa, paiva vazhinji mumaguta makatanga kunoshevedza vega Capital. Panzvimbo hugota pakati Kiev, iyo varasikirwa ukuru ayo panyika mudariro akauya vamwe: Smolensk, Novgorod-Seversky, Ryazan, Chernigov, Vladimir-Suzdal, uye gare gare Moscow. Saka, guta guru reRussia yekare haana oga.

Golden-Domed Kyiv

Kana mudzidzisi mukirasi nyaya kudare mudzidzi ane mubvunzo, dana guta guru Russia yekare, haana kuzeza kupindura, ndiye Kiev. guta Mikayeri pamire pazvikomo nomwe, seRoma, Jerusarema kana Constantinople. Ane kugomo zvinobetsera nenzvimbo chinzvimbo uye riri pamharadzano dzenzira mikuru dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana. Kubvira pakagadzwa kwayo kusvikira panguva Mongol-wechiTatar joko uye kuparadzwa ake Khan Batu, airidza inokosha basa muupenyu mudunhu. Naizvozvo, muna 1020 guta guru reRussia yekare - ndiye Kiev.

Kumuka madota, kunyange akanga ari tsitsi vavakidzani zvakawanda simba, asi vachiri akure pasina kurasikirwa kwake chiso chakanaka. Zvisinei, achiri kuyeuka vanhu veguta akaramba zvikurukuru sezvo akanga akaisa tsika uye zvokunamata upenyu.

Veliky Novgorod

Nhoroondo yaro rinotanga kumativi kwezana rechipfumbamwe nezvegumi emakore. Kunyange zvazvo vanochera matongo vakafunga kuti munharaunda ano Novgorod vanhu vagara kwokutanga zvikuru kupfuura kazhinji akafunga. guta rino, yakavambwa nokuda Slavs, yakavakwa muenzaniso Kiev. Pano chakavakwa kufanana St. Sophia Cathedral kwakaita Court, yakafarikana nzvimbo nokuda People. guta iri Russia yekare kubva pakuvambwa akaita somunhu akapfuma zvokutengeserana guta nevamwe netsika, hweruzhinji uye tsika. Asi iye akabhadhara mutero kuna Kiev uye akatuma varwi vake panguva chikumbiro yacho Capital machinda.

Apo Kiev akawira pasi nokurohwa pakati eMongolia, Novgorod akapukunyuka. Izvi zvakaita kuti akwanise kukurira vamwe ukuru Russian, uye Novgorod Republic kare richiwedzera uye akanga achinyudza muumbozha.

mumwe musoro

Vamwe vatsvakurudzi anozivisa mana guru Russia yekare. Ivo:

• Kiev;
• Novgorod, akazonzi Mukuru;
• Staraya Ladoga;
• Vladimir.

maviri okutanga tiri akatarira yavarwi. Muzana XI remakore (1020), guta guru reRussia yekare - guta Kiev, uye akanga ari mukuru chero akanga asina Yakabata muna 1240 maererano eMongolia. Kubvira ipapo, romuMiddle mamiriro akaita havasisipo, uye saka kutaura maguta makuru hazvina maturo.

Ladoga Vladimir-on-Klyazma

Staraya Ladoga nhasi - ndiwo musha muduku, apo Rurik vakagara kwemakore maviri asati akadana Novgorod. Rinomirapo ari kunozivikanwa Prince anopa kodzero kureva nhamba rworwendo misoro yekare inotaura. Zvisinei, pane chimwe chinhu, sezvo nyanzvi dzezvinocherwa mumatongo yakasimbisa kuti guta rakavakwa Varangians, uye vanhu kwaisanganisira ainyanya kutamira kubva dzekuma Scandinavia. Vamwe guru wekare Russia, akadai Novgorod, Vladimir uye Kiev dzakavakwa uye inogarwa Slavs, nekuti vane zvakawanda kodzero kudana maguta makuru. Uye mamiriro sezvo vakadaro haripo, izvozvo yakabuda papera, apo Wouprofita Oleg akabatana nechimvuramabwe Kiya.

Vladimir - guta anosarudzwa pachake Prince Andrew Bogolyubskii pashure kufora musi Kiev. Hugota panguva yakanga simba uye mupfumi, saka musoro guta guru akapa Vladimir-on-Klyazma kubudirira yakatokura. Iri raiva mavambo kuvakwa machechi uye temberi, youmbozha dzoushe. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechigumi nemana, pano hwakatamisirwa archdiocese. Mushure Mongol nechisimba uye kuwedzera Moscow Vladimir zvishoma nezvishoma vakarasikirwa ayo kuvamumwe chaiyo, asi pamutemo akaramba guru.

panzvimbo imwe epilogue

Tataura guru wekare Russia, izvo zvave pamutemo sezvo vakadaro. Izvi yokugara yekare pamwe mupfumi nhoroondo uye ngano yakanaka. On yavo, uye nhasi unogona kuona mi- dzimba kuti ayeuchidze kubwinya kare. Vose zvavo nenguva imwe nguva akaita basa rinokosha muupenyu romuMiddle mamiriro Eastern Slavs. Uye nhasi vari kukwezva vashanyi pamwe nemamwe zvinokwezva, dzakanga yakavakwa zvakanakisisa vanatenzi mu Europe.

Chii guta guru reRussia yekare? hamungambovi kunzwa mhinduro imwe chete, nokuti dhigirii ose akakodzera kupfeka musoro, uyewo mamwe maguta akawanda kuti vave misoro ukuru, uye nhasi ndivo zvinokosha panyika mepu.