Vagari Alaska, jogirafi, nhoroondo

Alaska anonzi Kunyika Midnight Sun, The Final kwekumaodzanyemba, The Great Land. Akawana Alaska uye zvakadini kunzanga yenyika US? Ndiani kugara munharaunda yayo?

Alaska panyika mepu

Alaska iri kuchamhembe kwakadziva United States uye ndiro rakakura kupfuura mamwe mamiriro enyika. Bering Strait wakapatsanura kubva munharaunda Russia - Chukotka Peninsula. Kumabvazuva, hurumende miganhu Canada.

mamiriro ichi - imwe exclave. It anosiiwa vakasara US Canadian ivhu. Kuti tiwane kubva Alaska kusvika pedyo US mamiriro, zvakakodzera kukurira 800 makiromita mundima Canadian.

The zvachose nzvimbo ehurumende - 1.717.854 ba. km uye nemhenderekedzo atambanudza kuti 10.639? km. Alaska Territory paimiririra yakaoma uye zvitsuwa zvakawanda. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuti Aleutian Islands, Archipelago Alexander, Kodiak Island, Pribyvalova uye St. Lawrence.

Alaskan Point Barrow ndiye nechokumusoro pfungwa yeUnited States, uye Attu Island, inova chikamu Aleutian Islands - madokero.

dzinongoitika ezvinhu

Alaska okumavirira Pacific uye Arctic nyanza, nokusika okunze akasiyana. Dzomunyika zvikamu ehurumende vanoonekwa ne Sub-Arctic okunze waitonhora dzechando uye nekaupenyu kudziya yechirimo. Kuchamhembe chikamu kweArctic okunze: zvakakomba chando chakanyanyisa uye muchitonhorera yechirimo. The tembiricha muzhizha kazhinji hunopfuura razero. Musi Pacific Coast (rwezasi-kumabvazuva state), okunze ndiko gungwa munyoro, pamwe yakawanda kunonaya.

North Alaskan achinaya mvura chakafukidzwa, uye kumaodzanyemba - pamwe masango paukobvu. In, nharaunda iyi anoputika zhinji uye mazitombo echando. The Kudeuka - Glacier Bering, ane nzvimbo 5800 mativi mamita. m. Volcanic anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri inhengo Alaska Pacific mhete moto. Mount Shishaldin ari Unimak Island uye anonzi rimwe remasangano Alaskan anoputika.

Nzizi pakukura rehurumende - iri Yukon uye Kuskokwim. Total muna Alaska anopfuura zviuru 10 nzizi uye anopfuura mamiriyoni 3 madhamu. Nechokumusoro kwakadziva chikamu ehurumende ndiye Arctic National Wildlife Utiziro, uye kuchamhembe-kumadokero - mundima US mafuta chengetedza.

Kuwanikwa Alaska

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kekutanga Alaska Urume Dezhnev yakawanikwa iri XVII remakore. Asi chokwadi ichi, hapana pamutemo chisimbiso. "St. Gabriel" Naizvozvo, pakuvhurwa Nyika Great zvakabatanidzwa chikwata muchikepe. The rwendo chikwata, ane nhengo dzaiva M. S. Gvozdev, I. Fedorov, Di Pavlutsky uye A. F. Shestakov, yakawira pamusoro munharaunda Alaska muna 1732.

Pashure 9 makore pano akaenda rwendo wechipiri nezvikepe "St. Peter" uye "St. Paul." Zvikepe inotungamirirwa Alexei Chirikov uye akakurumbira aiongorora Vitus Bering.

Gobvu bvungapfunga aiva chinokosha chipinganidzo kutsvakurudza. Pakutanga, nyika Alaska kuoneka revatungamiriri "St. Paul", aiva Muchinda Wales Island. Vaongorori vakawana kuti pane zvakawanda beavers vanogara gungwa otters, mbava, iyo panguva iyoyo kwainzi chinokosha. Izvi kwaiva kurudziro huru kuti kukura munyika itsva.

sero

Muna 1799 iye akavhura kambani Russian-American, izvo inotungamirwa Alexander Baranov. Zvakunowedzera kushingaira kunovhima Beaver mbava (vakazochinja zvakatungamirira chinokosha zvinoderedza kwenhamba mhuka).

Based zvitsva mumisha uye zvengarava, akazaruka zvikoro nezvipatara, Chechi yeOrthodox anoita basa rokudzidzisa, rinova chinhu pamusoro Alaskan vemo. Zvisinei, nyika kukura rine parinoperera makushe kugadzirwa uye mumishinari basa.

Uyezve, kugozha Rara Britain, uye napedyo wokuRussia Alaska kuBritish Columbia zvakamuita yazvimoy kana hondo nemauto pakati penyika mbiri. Saka muna 1857 vakatanga pfungwa yokuti kutengesa kuti America.

In March 1867 mu Washington, akasaina nechibvumirano kutengeswa mundima mamiriyoni 7.2 emadhora pamusoro. Muna October, mukuru kuchinjwa yacho yakatengwa munyika Sitka (rainzi New Ngirozi Huru).

US Alaska

Kwenguva refu richangobva vawana nyika dzaiva pasi kudzorwa United States uye kunyanya kwete nyanzvi nemauto. Muna 1896 pane kuwedzera chaicho goridhe, kana Klondike River in Canada, kuwana ndarama deposits. Zviri nyore kuti nharaunda Canadian yaigona asvika kuburikidza Alaska, izvo zvakakonzera kukurumidza kukura dzomumisha.

Muna 1898, ndarama akawana pedyo netaundi Nome uye ano guta Fairbanks, Alaska. Gold Rush vakabatsira upfumi kukura mudunhu. Vagari Alaska yakura yekudyidzana. Akavaka njanji, achishingaira mined zvicherwa.

The Great Depression ari XX remakore sei uye Alaska. It kutamiswa kugara nechokuchamhembe inoti pakurera upfumi mudunhu racho. Panguva Second World Via Alaska muri vazvo emauto midziyo kuna Soviet Union.

Muna 1959, ivo Alaska anowana mamiriro ari 49th US mamiriro. Gare gare pano vanoratidza zvinokosha reserves mafuta, iyo zvakare pave kukura kwayo.

Vagari Alaska

Kuwanda vaigara ehurumende riri vanhu vanenge 700 000. Nhamba iyi anoisa hurumende iri yechi47 pakukura munyika. Alaska yevanhu arambe achirema ndiyo apasi ari 0,4 vanhu muzana mativi kiromita.

The soro kwouwandu hwevanhu rehurumende vakachengeta pashure oiri dzakafukurwa. Ipapo vanhu Alaska yakawedzera 36%. Guta guru pane hurumende iri Anchorage, musha vanopfuura 300 000 vanhu.

About 60% yevanhu iri chena, runodiwa anenge 15%, vokuAsia vanoumba anenge 5.5%, chasara ari mamwe marudzi. The Kudeuka emarudzi vaigara Alaska - vokuGermany. Irish uye Chirungu nhoroondo pamusoro 10%, akateverwa vomuNorway, French uye Scots.

Missionary Chechi yeOrthodox yomuRussia haana vakapfuura maturo - zvino muna Alaska, vanenge 70% vemo vari vaKristu. Protestantism anonzi chechipiri pakukura chitendero, kunyange zvazvo yose Alaska ndiye muduku rechitendero mamiriro America.

Alaska Native

Russian, Chokwadi, kuonekwa mapiyona, asi kugara munzvimbo vanhu vakatanga refu asati asvika vaongorori. Maererano masayendisiti, ivo Alaskans kutanga kuuya pano kubva kuSiberia anenge 30.000 apfuura, panguva kuoma nechando Bering Strait.

Yokutanga ndudzi vanozviwana vari "Nyika Midnight Sun" vaiva Tlingit, Tsimshian Haile uye Athabascan. Ndivo madzitateguru ano American maIndia. Madzinza vane mutauro wavo uye zvavanotenda, kunyanya kuita hove.

Zvizhinji paya (anenge 8 zviuru. Makore akapfuura) munyika Alaska nechikepe dzavanhu chokuita Eskimos kana Inuit. Idzi dzaiva mhuri Aleut, Alutiiq uye Inupiaq.

With kuwanikwa nevatsvakurudzi Alaska kwakaita Russian vakauya munyika yevanhu zvemo vavo tsika kutenda. Vazhinji veko basa Russian. Ndianiko mukurusa Alaska muUnited States vari chikamu runodiwa, asi nhamba iyi ipfupi zvishoma nezvishoma. Saka, mumakore achangopfuura pane zvirongwa chaiyo kuchengetedza tsika ravaIndia vanhu.

mhedziso

Alaska (USA) - akapfuma nharaunda dzakasiyana asi zvikuru zvisikwa. Kune vazhinji anoputika, mazitombo echando, nzizi uye madhamu. Ndicho chikuru US mamiriro, akaparadzaniswa vokuUnited States Canada. Population Alaska akapa vazhinji madzinza uye vemarudzi. Pane vachiri kurarama zvizvarwa maIndia uye Eskimos, kuramba tsika dzavo uye tsika.