Kutyisidzirwa shongwe: tsananguro magadzirirwo. Kutyisidzirwa chombo muna Ages

Kutyisidzirwa zvombo - zvakafanana zera akakombwa maguta. Sezvinoratidzwa zvokuchera matongo, vakatanga akazviratidza kuMesopotamia iri II chemakore BC. e. Munguva dzekare, kukunda Nyika pedyo wehurumende akanga aderedzwa zvikurukuru kubatwa yawo huru nhare. Saka, kukombwa akanga yairwirwa nzira vabudirire hondo uye kukomba chombo - zvinobudirira nzira kubudirira chinangwa ichi.

Kutyisidzirwa zvombo yore

Gobvu masvingo uye guta magedhi nokugadzirwa kwepfuti chibhakera Kushandisa namakondobwe. Vakanga vakaita matanda uye obkladyvali akazodzwa mbishi mhuka kudzivirira incendiary miseve wemisanganiswa ayo. Panoperera gondohwe iri kazhinji yendarira vakasungira uye gare gare simbi muromo.

Catapult - mumwe kukombwa chombo, rinowanzoshandiswa hondo muvengi. The mimwe vokutanga vaiva chaiyo kusiyana nezvipfuramabwe nemiseve, akatasva kumira. Gare gare kupararira kune Mobile shanduro, wakabatanidzwa pamwe nemavhiri uye pfuti ngoro. Izvi zvinosanganisira catapult, strelomety, ballista, onager.

Scaling Manera ndivo nzira inonyanya zvinowanzovapo kurohwa, sezvo anobvumira kuti nokukurumidza akunde zvipingamupinyi. Kana urefu wavo uchava mupfupi kureba porusvingo, ipapo kuwedzera tambo vakashandisa usvasvi nesimbi nezvikokovonho vari wakaiswa kurusvingo shongwe.

Kutyisidzirwa shongwe kwemazana emakore akawanda vakasara zvikuru kushandiswa michina pamwe blockade muguta, uye pave paya Ages nematende. Chokutanga izvi akazviratidza muna Ancient East, uye navamwe okunatsiridza zvave vakabudirira kushandiswa kusvikira Ages.

Tanga kutaurwa nhare dzokurwa

VaAsiria makatsauka kukombwa mumaguta art. Nemhaka nevanochera matongo zvino tinoziva, chakafanana dzoushe reNinivhi - guru nezveAsiriya. Giant reliefs kuti yakashongedzwa yamambo masvingo, rakanamatidzwa ose anonyengera kuti vaAsiriya vaishandisa panguva yokukombwa mumaguta.

Kufarira anoratidzwa mavari nhare dzokurwa. Zvakanga multiwheel yemapuranga yakarongeka, akafukidza nepanhovo. In pamberi muchina uyu aiva shongwe duku, apo varwi vakatora kwokupotera pamwe negondohwe kurova. Chokwadi, vaAsiriya vakanga vasiri voga akashandisa uto michina zvakafanana.

Xenophon, munyori wenhau dzakaitika wechiGiriki uye mutungamiriri nemauto, anenge akatisiyira rondedzero motokari kuti akaperekedza uto raKoreshi. Mariri tinodzidza kuti nevaPezhiya vaiva kukombwa shongwe dzakawanda nyaya refu. The pasi, kusanganisira engoro, vakamira 5.6 M pamusoro pevhu, uremu motokari dzinopfuura 3 matani. Nokuti kwayo sangano rinoshandiswa 8 nenzombe. Zvisinei, vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanofunga kuti shongwe aya nechinangwa kwete zvikuru kurwisa, asi kuramba hondo pakurwa.

Art yakakombwa muCarthage uye Greece

The Carthaginians kwakaitika East, saka isu vaiziva makondohwe uye shongwe wakakombwa. Diodor Sitsiliysky, achirondedzera kukombwa maguta Greek. Sisiri Carthaginian hondo Hannibal, zvikurukuru, rinoreva chaizvo kureba shongwe, chirefu pamusoro pamasvingo Selinunte. Vaishandisa zvipfuramabwe vachirwisa uye nouta, vaiva rokumusoro guva shongwe, nyore nyore kuona nevanozvitsigira veguta, achangogara vanoonekwa parusvingo rweguta.

Four vanyori vekare Maponesa kwatiri tsanangudzo gelepolya - hofori shongwe dzokukomba, yaishandiswa nevaGiriki. Mumwe parutivi vhiri mujinga muchina akaenzana 21 m, uye munyika nzvimbo yakakamurwa crossbeams dzayo iro akazorora vaya vakatamira neshongwe mberi. Gelepol pachake akanga 9 mapuriro chokuita ne masitepisi maviri: kuti pasi uye kuti amuke.

uriri nerimwe pamberi divi vane mahwindo pamwe emapuranga utorwe kuti akavhura panguva nokukanda projectiles. Zvinogona vakafunga kuti mamita yakadaro yainetsa kukombwa shongwe anenge 40 yakakwirira yakanga ichifambira zvishoma nezvishoma, kunyange kurondedzerwa sei kutanga, haana kurarama. Kuitira kudzivirira yemapuranga kuvaka kubva mumoto, kurutivi uye pamberi namasvingo rakazara simbi kana nematehwe pamakusheni.

Assault shongwe Romans

Inenge kubva II remakore BC. e. VaRoma vakatanga maziso kushandisa shongwe panguva yokukombwa mumaguta. Military dzakaitika Roma yekare Vegetius akasiya rondedzero nokururamisira yakatodzama yetsiva nemotokari. Kubva ichi zvinoreva kuti pragmatic Romans vaifarira dzichipfekeka unyanzvi, pane kuedza yakarova muvengi nenzira kwayo ukuru.

Maererano Vegetius, Tower ( "Tour" - kubva muchiLatin turres ambulatorie) yakakamurwa kuva nhatu nhanho. Uriri dzakagara imwe kurova gondohwe, chechipiri drawbridge ane nembariro noruzhowa, uye pakupedzisira, musi wechitatu - chikuva kuti uta nepfumo throwers. shongwe iyi, zvichienderana Nzvimbo kureba masvingo eguta aigona kusvika 15 kana kunyange 27 mamita.

Design sheathe machira dzesimbi kana yedehwe uye Pacchiwaku quilts vasiri combustible zvinhu. Kana neshongwe asvika masvingo akakomba guta, zambuko rechipiri pasi pakanga nominated, oita masoja kuenda matunhu neminisiparati chivakwa.

A nhare kuMiddle Ages

Pasinei nokuti ekare pakupedzisira akasiya padariro kare, mumunda uto midziyo yavo vaita akaramba kushandiswa kuMiddle Ages. Kutyisidzirwa michini, kusanganisira kurwisa shongwe zvaishandiswa blockade zvose maguta uye Ages nematende. magadzirirwo dzavo uye nzira vanoshandisa kubva dzekare handishanduki.

Sezvo kare, kuMiddle Ages vakanga vavaka namatanda, dzakafukidzwa equina kana bovine matehwe. At pamusoro peshongwe vaiva crossbowmen uye uta, uye catapults dzimwe nguva diki. Pauriri hwepasi maigara negondohwe yedare muromo kana chibooreso, izvo vakavazunzira masonry masvingo.

Kukombwa Ages nematende

The regadziriro basa agadzirwa storming wenhare kana guta, vakakumbira nguva yakawanda uye mari. Uyewo akachiisa haana basa. Kazhinji vakaita forays pasi pabutiro usiku mumusasa muvengi kuparadza kukombwa zvivakwa, kusanganisira emapuranga shongwe.

Dutu nhare pamwe Manera rekutanga wezvinyorwa yaishandiswa nharirire. Kana hazvina kubudirira, saka yezwi refu blockade uye vakauya zvaiitika nhare. Kuvaita kushandisa winches pedyo nhare norusvingo. Kana rakabudirira mugumisiro rinoshamisa dzepabonde inogona sechinoitika kugadziriswa.