Ancient kurova gondohwe: Photo

Pakangotanga kudzivirirwa nokurwiswa nevavengi akapoteredza maguta ekare akatanga kuvaka masvingo, izvozvo aiva riwedzere kuti kwaita kurohwa zvombo, chinangwa chikuru chakanga - kutyora masvingo izvi. Ngationgororei navo zvizere.

The chidzoke zvamakondohwe

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti chokutanga gondohwe kurova tega Carthaginian vanatenzi - Paferasmenom uye Gerasim. Izvi zvakaitika munenge 500.-BC. e., mashoko Carthaginians vakahushandisira panguva yokukomba Gadis (Cadiz), guta kuSpain. Like kana kwete, kana tenzi vaRami vavambi vokutanga, hapana anogona kutaura kuti chokwadi. Asi venhoroondo nguva, achirondedzera kukombwa muCarthage, ataurwa sezvo negondohwe kurova waishandiswa pamwe nemamwe injini wakakombwa.

The Ezvemutauro yokutanga

gondohwe kurova Ancient kuputsa masvingo kana masuwo, vakabva akadana gondohwe, kuva kwakajairika matanda nemadota kana spruce. Zvazvakadaro, pfuti rwakavatambudza zvikuru, uye akapiwa chokwadi chokuti bere aifanira kuva ruoko, dzimwe nguva nemhaka huchishanda aifanira kushandisa kusvika mazana varwi.

izvi zvose aiva pfachura panyaya kwevanhu zviwanikwa uye kusagadzikana chaizvo, saka mune ramangwana yakatanga kugadzirisa rayo. Nokurova gondohwe - gondohwe - pakutanga akarembera chaiwo puranga, uye ipapo yakaiswa pamusoro vhiri. Shandisa zvakanga nyore zvikuru kuti nzira. Zvino, kuti vazopa chombo kunzvimbo nokudzungudza kurwisa, zvaida vanhu kure vashoma.

Kushanda zvinobudirira zvikuru kurwisa kuguma matanda vakasungira wesimbi, pamwe chakafanana wegondohwe. Nokuda kwaizvozvi revarwi danda saka anowanzonzi - "makwai". Ungangove, yekare tsumo: "anotarira segwai pane idzva pasuwo," aifunga gondohwe, kwete mhuka chaiyo yakanga.

Asi kuvandudzika uku hazvina kugumira ipapo. Chokwadi ndechokuti panguva kurwiswa pamasvingo eguta pamusoro musoja musoro, gondohwe kuzvidzora, kubhururuka mabwe, nemiseve, akadira mvura iri kufashaira uye inopisa tara. Naizvozvo, kudzivirira varwi, nerogi puranga akavharwa pamusoro kanopi, uye gare gare pamativi ose akafukidzwa nhoo. Saka, kurwisa simba, kuzunungusa gondohwe kurova, zvinoitika, zvimwe kudzivirirwa kubva zvakaipa pakugumburwa uye kudurura kubva masvingo. gondohwe kwakadaro indoor kuti zvokunze kufanana ne anozivikanwa zvinokambaira pakuzivikanwa se "hamba".

Dzimwe kamba marongerwo rine uriri dzakawanda, imwe neimwe iine gondohwe. Saka, zvinokwanisika here kupaza rusvingo pamwero yakasiyana-siyana panguva imwe chete.

Asi pfuti iyi yakanga zvinonzwisisika kura chaizvo uye rinorema, saka shandisa Kazhinji.

Sokol - chekare nemauto kurova gondohwe

Kana gondohwe kokutanga akaonekwa Russia, usingazivi kuti vamwe, asi kubva yechipiri yezana XII remakore, mashoko akanyorwa anotaurawo kubatwa guta "pfumo." Zvinogona vakafunga kuti aiva ipapo, ari sieges, muna internecine hondo, kurwisa akatanga kushandiswa kekutanga imwe norukodzi - kwaderera gondohwe gondohwe mhando.

Kutaura zvazviri, norukodzi asina yakasiyana ayo mamiriro kubva anozivikanwa analogues. Chete kumeso pachena matanda, yakaturikwa pangetani kana tambo. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva munhu muti chakatsiva-metal zvose humburumbira. Panzira, zvichienderana imwe shanduro achiti "munhu Musono," izvozvo akaenda nokushamwaridzana nechitarisiko kwepfuti Russian.

Nzira tidzivise gondohwe

Namakondobwe, Chokwadi, akanga chaizvo kurwisa, saka pamusoro kushandiswa kwayo unoberekawo munhu nzira kuti yemabhuku:

• To kanenge zvimwe vasanyanya matanda inovhuvhuta kubva pamasvingo kuti ufanane kwayo muromo akatura bhegi rakazara nyoro zvokunyama, shinda kana hundi.
• Panguva storming remusoro Unit, nechati gondohwe akadurura tsvina, achibika, akapisa tara, mafuta, zvinobhururuka matombo nemiseve. The kunokurumidziswa vakaedza vesa womuti kuvakwa zvokushandisa.
• On the Nzira kumasvingo guta ndikachera pemigero akazadzwa mvura vakawisirwa pamusoro parusvingo drawbridge, izvo akamuka panguva kurwisa. matanho akadaro havabvumirwi Kuisa, "Falcon" kumasvingo.
• Kana zvikaonekwa kuti gondohwe kurova pamadziro eguta vacharwirwa nemabhiza, ipapo vachienda kukanda kumativi Vakarodza simbi "hedgehogs" vakanga kunobondera mahwanda zvemhuka, apo ivo havana kudzivirirwa nebumbiro chidhongi. nzira iyi yokudzivirira, kana kwete zvachose akamisa kurwisa nokurova gondohwe, yekudyidzana kudziviswa ayo pakuzadzisa, achipa nguva kuti kuparadzwa storming boka.

zvaunokanganisa

Rumwe rudzi maturusi yekare inonzi "zvakaipa". Makondohwe ari chinyakare mupfungwa, vanomiririra chinhu chakafanana gondohwe, asi ayo mamiriro zvikanganiso chavakagona kuita. Anonzi anokosha catapults.

MuRussia, taishandisa nezvemarudzi maviri urema - mhikuriso-pachifuramabwe, icho chinotaurwa yaMakoronike sezvo chipfuramabwe uye crossbows - pfuti akatasva rinokosha muchina.

Echipfuramabwe zvakaipa

Magadzirirwo acho akanga chipfuramabwe rutsigiro mbiru, apo akanga akatasva swivel (mount kuti mhikuriso iyo inogona zvayaitenderera paguyo), uye chaizvoizvo refu chaizvo neravnoplechny mhikuriso.

Panguva refu kumagumo mhikuriso wakanamatira ivavo chipfuramabwe (bhandi ne muhomwe kuti goko), uye pane dzimwe - tambo, nokuti akanga aizosvika zvikuru vakadzidziswa vanhu ava - rwakatambanudzwa. Ndiko, muhomwe muchipfuramabwe akanga amuraira dombo (chinoumba), uye makakatanwa payakakurudzirwa akakoromora anosungira. Lever achibhururuka zvichikwira projectile raparurwa iri achida mirayiridzo. Zvakadini ne swivel ruoko anogona tenderera, kunoita kuti zvachose dzeraundi vachiridzira, pasina kutamira yose marongerwo.

Papera mabhandi vane tensioners chikatsiviwa counterweight uye mutsigiri shongwe chikatsiviwa zvikuru kunzwisisa puranga zvivako.

pfuti iyi yakanga zvikuru simba makakatanwa catapults. Kazhinji inoshora kuita Mobile kuti rinopindura kuchinja vachiridzira siyana. MuEurope, mudziyo yakadaro akanzi "trebushe"

Crossbows-uipi

Kugadzira easel samostrelnogo kamnemeta vangasimudzira zvakasiyana kubva muchipfuramabwe. Externally kwazvo zvakafanana crossbow guru, kureva, musi remuti nechimwe akanga wakaiswa mutserendende, uye pamberi chikamu uta wakanamatira ivavo.

kupfura musimboti akanga zvakafanana crossbow, asi pachinzvimbo miseve kukodzera kupinda paburi ibwe (tsanga). To kukotamira waigona kudzivisa inorema, rakaitirwa anoverengeka akaturikidzana huni, tichibatanidza mhando dzakasiyana huni. Uyezve, iye papered pamwe Birch omuti uye akamonera nemabhandi. Bowstring yakaitwa kubva mhuka mhenyu kana simba hemp tambo.

Combat rutsigiro zvakaipa

Sezvo kukanda michina vakanga yakaiswa nechokure hapana pedyo kupfuura 100 M kuti muvengi wacho masvingo, vakava anenge dzisingambosvikiki kuti vapfuri muvengi. Zvisinei, kuti adzivirire Vapfuri kudzora huchashandiswa, akanga akadzivirira kupfurikidza rusvingo zvakaipa (fenzi) uye akachera mugero kumativi.

Sezvo anoshongwa kuti echipfuramabwe zvakaipa ringashandiswa zvinenge chinhu, rairema pakati 3 uye kusvika 200 makirogiramu: mabwe, nehari, akazara munhu combustible musanganiswa, kunyange mhuka akafa. Kureva, zvinetso zvombo haana.

With crossbows mamiriro ezvinhu aiva mamwe kuoma. Kwavari akashandisa vakashanda ibwe chinoumba, kukura 20-35 masendimita ari dhayamita. Panguva matongo Zvakafukunurwa vakawana nemiseve (nekiyi), iyo, sokuti, rinoshandiswawo nokuda kupfura. Bhaudhi ane simbi tsvimbo ine simbi plumage, anenge 2 makirogiramu uremu uye 170 masendimita pakureba. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vakadaro tiguu inoshandiswa pomoto, kuti ndiye bara akaberekera ane zvinobata moto sezvamunoita.

Vose Mhando zvokushandisa anoshandiswa pamwe chete, kureva mumwe, mauri Kurwisa kunyatsoshanda yakawedzera yekudyidzana. Kazhinji kuvapo zvombo izvi zvinotyisa kufanotonga migumisiro hondo.