Mikhail Fokin: pfupi biography, zvisikwa, hupenyu hwehupenyu, mufananidzo

Ballet yemazuva ano haigoni kufungidzirwa pasina Mikhail Fokin. Akanga ane shanduko yekuvandudza pamusangano uyu unyanzvi. Chimwe chimiro chekuvandudza mabhota, iyo yakava chikonzero chekubwinya kwechikoro cheRussia munyika yose muzana remakore rechi20, ndiMikhail Fokin. Akararama hupenyu hunopenya. Kuumbwa kwevhidhiyo kwakaitika munguva dzakaoma, asi hazvina kuputsa mweya wake uye kwakasimbisa chete kutenda mune simba rehudhi.

Childhood makore

Mikhail Fokin, ane biography shomanana haagoni kukodzera mumashoko mashomanana - mutungamiri we ballet yemazuva ano, akatanga rwendo rwake kure nechekuvhenekera. Akaberekerwa mumhuri yevatengesi vanobudirira, uye baba vake vakaramba zvakananga kuona mwanakomana wavo semutambi. Asi amai vacho, vainyanya kuve ne ballet art, vakakwanisa kudzivisa maonero emurume wavo. Akapa mwanakomana wake kuchikoro chekutsvakurudza, kukirasi yemumiri webhuku rainzi mukurumbira weNikolai Legat, kunyanya sezvo mukomana aive nematarenda akasiyana-siyana. Uyezve, vadzidzisi vaMisha vaiva Pavel Gerdt naPlato Karsavin, vatambi vakakurumbira munguva yavo. Chikoro chePetersburg chakakosha zvakakosha kumhando yevollet, uye vadzidzi vakapedza maawa mazhinji mumakirasi, uye vakabatanidzwawo mune zvinyorwa zveMariinsky Theatre. Nokudaro, maitiro ekutanga aMikhail Fokin akaitika mumharaunda ye ballet, akabatanidzwa nemweya wechikoro chechikoro, achiona zvakakosha uye zvakaderera.

Dzidzo yemhuri yakabatsira muduku muduku kuwana ruzivo rwokutanga rwemimhanzi uye kutora nekuvandudza unyanzvi hwake hwekuzvarwa, mushure mekunge Mikhail akanyatsofunga nezvebasa rake. Uye, zvechokwadi, ruzivo urwu rwaibatsira iye paaishanda semutungamiriri.

Ballet basa

Kuti aite pachigarire chikuru cheMariinsky Theatre, Fokin akatanga mumakore ake echikoro, aibatanidzwa mumitambo "The Nutcracker" ne "The Sleeping Beauty". Pakupedzisira kwechikoro iye akanyoresa mukambani yemitambo, uye akakurumidza kukura kuva munyengeri, achiita mabasa mu "Corsair", "Kurara Kunaka", "Kumutsa Flora" nezvimwe zvikamu.

Zvisinei, kutamba hakuna kumupa pfungwa yekuzara kwehupenyu, akazviona semutungamiriri. Achicherechedza basa rezvinyorwa zvinoshamisa zvemapurisa M. Petipa naL. Ivanov, Mikhail Fokin akazvimirira maonero ake echechi yepallet, uye aive nemafungiro akasimba pamusoro pekudiwa kwekuvandudza kudhanha.

Mikhail Fokin: the choreographer-innovator

Mitambo yekutanga Fokine yakapiwa kunyange paaidzidza kuchikoro. Asi anova choreographerpher wechokwadi muna 1905, uye gare gare ichagamuchirwa zviri pamutemo semutungamiriri kuMariinsky Theatre. Kudzidza mutambo wekutamba waM. Petipa, Fokine anotanga kuumba pfungwa yake pachake. Kunyangwe semutambi wekutinhira, akanyorera tsamba kune vatungamiri venzvimbo yemitambo nemazano ekugadzirisa maitiro e ballet, asi ipapo ivo havana kungomuteerera.

Mabasa ekutanga anozivikanwa anoonekwa muna 1907-08: "Egyptian Nights", "Dying Dza", "Chopiniana", apo mukurumbira mukuru web ballet Mikhail Fokin anowanzozivikanwa. Iyo biography inochinja zvinoshamisa mushure memusangano wake naSergei Diaghilev. Mumwe mutengesi akakumbira mutungamiriri kuti atore chikamu pakusikwa kwema ballet ekufambisa muParis. Kwemakore matatu, Fokine ndiye chete choreographer wemwaka weRussia, mumakore akakwanisa kuunganidzana naye neboka rakakosha, iro raisanganisira A. Benois, L. Bakst, Anna Pavlova, V. Nizhinsky, I. Rubinshtein, T. Karsavina. Anosika mabasa ake akajeka, achiri kufadza vateereri. Mitambo iyi ndeye "Scheherazade", "Carnival", "Firebird", "Mvura iri pasi pemvura", "Narcissus", "Blue God", "Phantom yeRose", uye pamusoro pekusika - "Petrushka" kumimhanzi yaI Stravinsky.

Kusati kwa1918, Fokin akabatanidza basa naDiaghilev nemichero mu Mariinsky Theatre, asi zviitiko muRussia zvakamanikidza kuti abve munyika, akazoenda kuUnited States, uko akazarura chikoro chekutanga chechi ballet uye akataridzwa nemimhanzi yeRussia: "Russian Holidays", "Thunderbird" , "Paganini" kumimhanzi yeSouth Rachmaninov uye "Mutoja weRussia" Prokofiev. Muhupenyu hwake hwose Fokine akaita ma ballet 70, rimwe nerimwe raanowana. Anodzidzisa America rudo rwechikoro chechikoro, kuumba chikoro chenyika uye tsika. Mabheti aFokine akava iyo chaiyo yekudhirodza muzana remakore rechi20, akakwanisa kugadzira chikoro chake uye akaita zvimwe zvakawanikwa.

"Kurwisana Nemazuva Ano": maonero ekuchinja zvinhu aMikhail Fokin

Pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20, ballet yakanga isingadari nguva dzakanakisisa, yaifungidzirwa kuva unyanzvi hwokufa, yaida hutsva hutsva hwekufambira mberi. Iko kutamba kunoda muumbi mutsva-muponesi, uye Mikhail Fokin akazova chireographer akadaro we ballet yeRussia. Kubata kwemuenzi uyu nguva dzose kwakashandura pfungwa yekudhakwa kwechikoro uye vakapa ballet chinhu chinokurudzira kukura. Kurwisana kwaFokin kwakange kuri mukuti iye akaronga kusika kwete kuparadzana mitambo, asi mabasa ose umo plastiki, mimhanzi nezvishongedzero zvakabatana zvakabatana. Uyewo, unhu hwake hwakanga huri rumutsiriro rwemutambo wevarume, uyo akanga atadza zvachose panguva iyoyo. Anoumba mitauro mitsva: ballets-miniature, plotless plastic sketches.

Kubatanidzwa nevakuru

Mune basa rake, Fokin akaedza kushandira pamwe chete nevanhu vane mafungiro, vanhu vane rudo neunyanzvi. Akanga akafuridzirwa nemafungiro edenderedzwa "World of Art" uye akashingaira kugadzira vanyori vanoita zvekuita kuti vape zvigadzirwa zvavo. Chimwe chikamu chakasiyana mu biography ye choreographer ndechekuti: Mikhail Fokin naAnna Pavlova. Vose pamwe chete vakatanga kushanda pamutambo "Chopiniana", iyo yakanyatsoratidzwa neunyanzvi hwevakasika vose.

Imwe kubudirira kukuru kwaFokine kwaiva kuwanikwa kwaVáclav Nijinsky, waakaona mukirasi uye akakokwa kumutambo wake. Kwemakore anoverengeka mutambi wacho aifambidzana mumitambo yose yeFokine.

Upenyu hwega

Upenyu hwemagariro hunowanzooma kuwirirana nemhuri, asi pane vane nhanho vanoita kuti vabatane, uyu aiva Mikhail Fokin. Mudzimai wemutungamiriri, ballerina Vera Antonova, akabatanidzwa mune zvigadzirwa zvaFokine, akabereka choreographer yemwanakomana wake, uye akabatsirawo murume wake hupenyu hwake hwose.

Kunyanya, nemubatsiro wake, chikoro che ballet chakavhurwa muNew York, umo Fokine akashanda kusvikira pakuguma kwehupenyu hwake.