Economic kukura, ayo mhando uye zvikonzero okukura

Muzana remakore rapfuura, yakatanga Dzidziso zvoupfumi kukura vazhinji, pamwe huru kusimbisa riri kuziviswa vamwe zvaitaurwa vakawanda Software wayo nomumwe zvinhu kuti gadziriro. kukura kwoupfumi ndiye kuwedzera pakuburitswa ino nyika, zvichiita kuwedzera GDP uye mambure chigadzirwa nokuda vachida. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, rinogona kuitika pasina kuchinja mukurima enyika, mune vamwe - kuti pamwe zvinokosha kuvandudzwa marongerwo uye mashandiro rose kugadzirwa hurongwa.

The zvoupfumi kukura wokutanga mhando kunoratidzwa kuwedzera zvoupfumi pfuma - kugadzirwa migwagwa itsva, mabhizimisi, simba zvirimwa. Izvi mhando ane zita - kwakakura zvoupfumi kukura. Chechipiri mhando kukura anonzi Kuwedzera pane izvi, GDP kukura outpacing kuwedzera nhamba dziripo zvoupfumi mari. Zvisinei, akavapindurawo, simba kukura kwoupfumi chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvinoumba yakachengeteka munzanga, yezwi zvakaoma chaizvo.

Nzira nezvainoita zvoupfumi kukura ndizvo zvakananga uye zvisina kunanga zvinhu. Kana mutsetse uyu anonzi zvinhu kuti kusika mukana kukura. Direct zvitengeswa zvinhu:

• unhu uye nhamba yemabhuku zviwanikwa;
• nouwandu pamusoro manpower;
• zvemichina uye sangano kugadzirwa;
• uwandu guru;
• pave ruzivo entrepreneurial uye aenzane evanhu vemazuva ano.

Zvisina kunanga zvinoita zvinosanganisira zvinhu kuti kubvumira kuona zvichibvira prerequisites zvoupfumi kukura. Akadana zvisina kunanga zvinokonzera kuti wedzerai uye kuparadzirwa:

• mutero okunze ari upfumi;
• zvinoderedza ukuru monopolization ose pamusika;
• kubudirira mbiri uye rwezvemabhengi hurongwa;
• kukura mutengi, hurumende uye inivhesitimendi mari;
• zvinogoneka reallocation kuti maindasitiri zvinhu zviri upfumi;
• Kuwedzera ekisipoti vazvo;
• uchishandisa mari kugovera hurongwa.

Panguva iyoyowo, rakakura kukura kwoupfumi anonzi kupfuura nyore mhando kukura, rinopa raiva nyore Tingawedzera kumhanya zvoupfumi, uye anobvumira kuti nokukurumidza kuzadzisa nokuwedzera upfumi zvinogona kuitwa munyika. kukura zvakawanda zvinenge nguva dzose pakurukurwa ndichibvunza kukura. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha zviratidzi upfumi kukura, vari pedyo pedyo zvakanyatsobatana uye ane kukosha nokuti zvizere Kuzadziswa kugadzirwa zvaigona.

To musi, pane pfungwa mbiri zvakawanda kana zvishoma nokuda mwero zvoupfumi kukura: Keynesian uye neoclassical. Vose dzidziso zvoupfumi kukura vane zvikuru akasiyana pfungwa pamusoro zvoupfumi ezvinhu munyika. Neoclassicism tendai musika mashandiro, kukwanisa kugadzirisa zvose huripo nematambudziko munyika. Keynesians, akavapindurawo, vanoti kuti nepamusika mashandiro anononoka chaizvo uye kunogona upfumi kuvandudza achiri refu.

Keynesian dzidziso zvichiteverwa nehurumende dzakawanda mune yepashure pehondo, asi sezvo upfumi kukura unotevera vanochiva kuziva uye kunaka zvinhu kuti ude uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. kudiwa. The zvakataurwa vasingagoni kufambirana zvikuru inflated vade, simbi mitengo kumuka mitengo yava uneshongedzo anovhundutsa zvikuru. Naizvozvo, eighties vakanga kwakaratidzwa kuti nyika dzakawanda vakafunga nezvenyu nezvenzvimbo neoclassical.

Kutonga nezvinooneka ndechokuti zvinetso zvoupfumi kukura uye kukura mune Russian muchiwana kuwedzera kukosha mune ramangwana zvinokwanisika kubudirira hutsva uye inobudirira mirayiridzo okukura okuwana, vabudirire yepamusoro dziine zvoupfumi kukura, uye sezvo zvakaguma kuwedzera zvinhu zvakanaka vemunyika Russian.