Features MFIs

Zvakaoma kuona kukosha mbiri mune upfumi. Zvikwereti vakwanise emakambani kuti nokukurumidza dzika kugadzirwa yavo (achishandisa commercial chikwereti), kurera mamwe mari nokuda mazuvaano kubva pazvinhu yesangano, etc. Ukuwo, kuti chikwereti achibvumira vatengi kutenga anodhura yakasimba zvinhu, "gadziriro maburi" iri ezvinhu akaoma dzemari uye nezvimwewo. Muchidimbu, mbiri chinokosha pamisika upfumi.

Mumakore achangopfuura, zvikuru kushandiswa anonzi zvitsva zvokukweretesa masangano. Kakawanda tinogona kuona zviratidzo mumigwagwa nemasangano munyaya Implementation pfupi yenguva duku kwezvikwereti. Kuti kutsanangura basa uye kukosha MFIs ari upfumi zvakafanira kuongorora chikuru zviri basa ravo, pamutemo murau, uyewo Pricing uye zvikwereti mazwi.

Maererano zvokudya zviri Federal Mutemo July 2, 2010 N 151-FL "On zvitsva zvokukweretesa uye zvitsva zvokukweretesa masangano" pasi zvitsva zvokukweretesa sangano kunorondedzerwa se "munhu repamutemo vakanyorwa muchimiro mari, ane zvionera nonprofit masangano (kunze bhajeti nemasangano) dzisiri yezvokutengeserana kudyidzana, zvoupfumi kambani kana kudyidzana kuita zvitsva zvokukweretesa mabasa uye akapinda mune mamiriro remazita masangano zvitsva zvokukweretesa munzira inopiwa mutemo. "

Kuti tinzwisise tsanangudzo zvitsva zvokukweretesa sangano vanofanira kutsanangura pfungwa zvitsva zvokukweretesa mabasa. Sootvetstsvuyuschego mutemo uye miitiro zvitsva zvokukweretesa masangano anogona vafunga:

• zvitsva zvokukweretesa basa - chiitwa zvainanga pakupa vagari, mumwe Entrepreneurs uye zvikwereti Masangano pasi kuMudzidzisi zvibvumirano;
• zvikwereti kune zvitsva zvokukweretesa masangano havafaniri kupfuudza mamiriyoni 1 rubles;
• zvikwereti izwi, gore kazhinji asingasviki mumwe (vhiki 52).

The rinokosha kugovera zvitsva zvokukweretesa masangano vakapiwa pashure kuitwa mutemo "On zvitsva zvokukweretesa uye zvitsva zvokukweretesa masangano", iro rinopa tsanangudzo zvitsva zvokukweretesa mabasa, hwakagara murayiro mabasa avo uye zvikuru zviri vadzore zvavo mabasa. Somuenzaniso, mutemo anogovera nouchapupu rairambidzwa mabasa masangano zvitsva zvokukweretesa, rinotsanangura kodzero dzavo uye mitoro.

Zviri pachena kuti zvitsva zvokukweretesa (zvikwereti zviri uwandu asina kupfuura miriyoni imwe) ndiyo hwaro zvitsva zvokukweretesa masangano. Akafanirwa kuti ape zvikwereti kuna MFI anogamuchira unorema purofiti ayo.

Zvisinei, mutemo zvikuru rinokutadzisa zvimwe zviitwa chokuita urongwa zvikwereti. Somuenzaniso, kune kwazvo rairambidzwa paumbwe guru kambani. Mutemo zvakajeka unorambidza kukwezva mari vanhu vasiri havaoni wekambani (kunze nerusarura ichipa zvokurarama sangano pahwaro ari chikwereti chibvumirano muna uwandu mamiriyoni 1,5 rubles, kana kupfuura chimwe chikwereti chibvumirano mumwe akakweretesa [1]). Izvozvo, chokwadi, zvitsva zvokukweretesa masangano, kusiyana mabhanga, havabvumirwi kukwezva deposits.

Mumwe mutemo hapana zvishoma chakakomba ari kurambidzwa basa nyanzvi mune kuchengetedzeka pamusika. Saka, masangano zvitsva zvokukweretesa haagoni akashandisa chikwereti uye pachake mari nyanzvi mubhizimisi mumatanda, zvisungo, etc.

Nemamwe mashoko, MFI basa ndiko kuzadziswa Tera ari gadziriro mari akamutswa nokuda havaoni uye guru Lenders. Sezvingatarisirwa, masangano zvitsva zvokukweretesa havagoni kuumba kwakadaro kunoda mari chikwereti guru sezvo mabhanga.

Nheyo nokushanda zvitsva zvokukweretesa masangano ari sezvinotevera: MFIs kupa zvishoma kwenguva pfupi nguva refu mwero mhindu.

In kwangu, zvitsva zvokukweretesa - yazvino chimiro inonyoreswa mhindu. Saka, nokukwereta prices anogona kuva pakati 9-10% pamwedzi kusvika 4% pavhiki (100-200% pa annum). Enzanisa muna mari Bank chikwereti ari uwandu 50,000 rubles. kwenguva gore rimwe pasina yokuzvigadzirisa achaita mari anenge 16.5% pagore. In "UralSib" kubhengi chikwereti kuti ezvinhu akafanana achamuka vanenge 23% [2]

Zvaizoratidza sokuti hapana kwoupfumi mumiririri kodzera haribvumirani kune akadaro anoparadza zvikwereti ezvinhu. Zvisinei, kuti vawane bhanga chikwereti pakuraramisa pasuru magwaro uye rakagara rakakomba bvunzo. Somuenzaniso, vamwe mabhanga kuwedzera pasipoti vanofanira kuzviisa pasi mari mashoko nemamwe magwaro. Kumbomira pamahombekombe mabasa kuongorora nderechokwadi magwaro, chikwereti nezvenhoroondo chikwereti, vanoongorora chikwereti default ngozi. Uye kwete munhu wose anoda kuwana chikwereti cheki iyi inopfuura (munhu kukwana ukuru pamutemo muhoro, mumwe haana kuzviisa magwaro anodiwa, zvimwe matambudziko zvikwereti nhoroondo, etc.). Uyo anokundikana muedzo pamahombekombe, ari kutsvaka yemakambani ngaateme kuti zvikwereti mamiriro vakavimbika zvikuru. nemhosva iyi kazhinji zvinoreva zvitsva zvokukweretesa nzvimbo.

Zvitsva zvokukweretesa Masangano ndikasafananidza zvakakomba zvinodiwa kuti anokwereta. Somuenzaniso, masangano akawanda kuti issuance pamusoro chikwereti zvinoda chete pasipoti uye tora chisarudzo chokupa kuti chikwereti mumaawa mashomanana. Uyezve, pane makambani kuwana Micro-zvikwereti zvisina kunyange kushanyira hofisi - mafomu nokuda kwezvikwereti, uye zvisarudzo extradition dzinoitwa pamba chaipo.

Sezvatinogona kuona, MFIs anoshanda ari chidimbu rurefu chaizvo mukana default. Kuti aripire ngozi uye zvinovimbisa profitability, zvitsva zvokukweretesa masangano akasiyira whopping kufarira prices. The Kufunga pano nyore: kana vatengi vaviri (matatu, mana, nezvimwewo, zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu uye microloans musika chidimbu) kamwe zvakazara kubhadhara chikwereti kufarira, anotuma, default mubereko uye Zvirango, kambani ichapa mari pavanatenzi vavo . Zvisinei, kuti chimbadzo pamusoro microloans inosuma zvechokwadi kwaiparadza.

Uyezve, nemambure angawana yakawanda kunaka inofambiswa pamusoro MFI kushanda munyika. Zvikurukuru, vatengi vanotsutsumwa pamusoro kutsvinyirwa uye boorishness mamaneja uncivilized nzira muunganidzwa zvikwereti kubva anokwereta, uyewo kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana vasiri segirazi zvirongwa mhindu, nokuripira muzvikwereti uye zvichingodaro.

Zviri pachena kuti mikrofinansiroanie sezvo vakadaro (diki zvikwereti nokuti pfupi izwi panguva soro kufarira prices), pane zviri munyika yedu haisi zuva rokutanga. Zvisinei, chete chete kuitwa Mutemo "On zvitsva zvokukweretesa uye zvitsva zvokukweretesa masangano" zvitsva zvokukweretesa masangano vakatanga kubuda kubva mimvuri kutamira pamutemo kushanda. Kunyange zvakadaro, vazhinji nzira basa (kusanganisira mutadzi) akaramba ari zvombo kuti zvitsva zvokukweretesa masangano. Asi kunenge kuti dambudziko kukura MFIs sezvo chevanorwara pamutemo zvemari yeRussian upfumi.

Dzokutengesa asingashumbi, kuti zvitsva zvokukweretesa basa kwakapararira. The soro mubereko prices kuti zvitsva zvokukweretesa nemabhizimisi chaizvo, pasinei ngozi chokuita nayo. Zvikasadaro tingadai tisina kuona kukura simba akadaro kwenhamba zvitsva zvokukweretesa masangano, izvo zvinogona kuonekawo pamwe chinoabatsira.

References:

1. Federal Mutemo July 2, 2010 N 151-FL "On zvitsva zvokukweretesa uye zvitsva zvokukweretesa masangano.