Tianshan Mountains: Characteristics, nhoroondo, nokukwirira uye pikicha

Mountains Tianshan fadza mupfungwa vafambi vazhinji. Sei uchida kuuya pano, nemaziso avo kuona chando nguwani, kunzwa simba uye simba munzvimbo ino!

Kutaura zvazviri, haasi munhu wose anobudirira. Sei? Kazhinji, chikonzero chingava mashomanana, asi pakati makuru vangada kusimbisa zvinotevera. Rangarirai apo Tiến Shan. Bvumiranai, ichi hachisi nechepakati mharadzano huru nzvimbo migwagwa yepasi, izvo zvinoreva kuti kusvika padanho iri nyika uye refu uye zvinodhura. Chete chinonyanya apererwa vanogona kuchitenga. Chechipiri, kuti vaende kukunda kushungurudzika Tianshan zvaida chaiko kugadzirira. Nokuti mutsva rwendo urwu kunogona kuva nengozi.

Zvisinei, nyaya ino handingavi chete nezvoUmambo kupi of Tiến Shan. Mukuwedzera, muverengi achawana mashoko anokosha pamusoro pezvimwe zvinhu zvizhinji. Somuenzaniso, mashoko maitiro zviri chinhu, ayo ezvinhu, zviri ngano, kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka.

Section 1. General mashoko

Tiến-Shan makomo, mapikicha rinogona kuwanikwa chero atirasi, iro rinotaura pamusoro nenzvimbo zviri munyika, iri muCentral Asia, munyika dzakawanda (Kyrgyzstan, China, Kazakhstan uye Uzbekistan).

Zvakawanda nechokumadokero gomo siyana iri muna Kyrgyz Republic, rokumabvazuva hafu anouya kunze China, kuchamhembe uye vokumadokero kumugumo dziri muna Kazakhstan uye kumugumo wokumaodzanyemba pfungwa - mukati miganhu Uzbekistan uye Tajikistan.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti muhomba Tiến-Shan riri kunyanya latitudinal uye sublatitudinal zoning. Uyu ndiwo mumwe kumusoro kumakomo munyika, pakati izvo pane nenhongonya dzakawanda pamusoro 6.0 zviuru. Mamita.

Nokuti soro pfungwa dziri Pobeda Peak (anenge 7440 metres), achifumira pamuganhu Kyrgyzstan uye China, uye Khan Tengri (anenge 7000 metres), riri Kyrgyzstan pedyo Kazakhstan. Vagari pamapani nzvimbo Zvakaoma kufungidzira sei zviri - kurarama mujinga Rafa Hofori gomo, misoro iyo nekumuka kure kumusoro padanho gore inotungamirwa.

Gomo rose Range rakakamurwa dzakawanda dzine: North, West, South-West, East, Central uye Inner.

Section 2. Blue Mountains, kana Tiến Shan. Okunze pakati dzakakwirira

Okunze ino kureva kunonyanya kune nehasha Continental mhando, inozivikanwa nokuda kuchipisa uye chirimo nebvudzi shoma kunayisa.

Winter siyana nekuomarara uye yakakwirira tembiricha kusiyana, pasi gore uye kunyanya kuoma dzedenga. Mumakomo, pane nguva kukosha pamushana, riri maawa 2,700 pagore. Chokwadi, aingovawo munhu Data akadaro kashoma kutaura chinhu, saka kuchienzaniswa Somuenzaniso, muMoscow, gore negore paavhareji - maawa 1600 chete. Kushandura tsika idzi chinobata Zvikwenzi ramakore kunzwisisa kwenzvimbo.

Huwandu kunonaya kunobva zoning uye kunowedzera pakakwirira. Mudukusa kunayisa inowira mumapani (150-200 mm pagore), uye nhamba iyi akatotora dzakasvikira 800 mm munzvimbo dzine svikiro-pagore.

Most inowira pakati uye chirimo. High mhepo yakaoma zvarinoita paumbwe chando pakavha, izvo anosiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, zviri Tiến-Shan muKazakhstan (kuchamhembe-vokumadokero dzakatenuka) vane chando mutsetse kuumbwa panguva imwe kukwira pamusoro 3600-3800 metres nechepakati chikamu - panguva imwe kukwira pamusoro 4200-4500 metres uye 4000-4200 metres okumabvazuva munharaunda. Ndizvo kukwirira zvikuru anosarudza okunze mamiriro ezvinhu paumbwe imwe nzvimbo.

A yakakura kuunganidza echando uye chando pamusoro dzakatenuka Tiến-Shan pakatanga kupisa kungaita kuti ngozi avalanches kuungana. Ndokusaka vafambi vanofanira kunyatsongwarira.

Section 3. Geographical zvinhu

Mountains Tianshan dziri kuMiddle uye Central Asia uye pakati soro pamakomo Alpine shangu iri yose nyika. Panguva kukwira pamusoro 4000 M pane kungoda yekare rakaparadza hukawanika.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Mountains Tianshan, mufananidzo kuti sezvariri kurova mbiri yayo, vachiri tectonic uye zvizivikanwe nemichina basa.

Zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti nenhongonya zvinopfuura makumi matatu kwegomo siyana kupfuura 6,000 mamita. Ava, gomo rakareba ndiye Victory (7439) uye Khan Tengri (anenge 7000 m). Kureba hurongwa kubva kumavirira kumabvazuva ndiko 2500? Km.

The anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri vari aumba kubva igneous uye Intermontane mwoyo - kubva sedimentary namatombo. Kukwirira Tiến-Shan makomo, Chokwadi, anoisa rupawo kwayo pamusoro mamiriro avo. Huru Chikamu ane nomumakomo dzakatenuka vane siyana glacial uye talus dombo.

It Vakawana kuti pane imwe kukwira pamusoro 3000 M anotanga bhandi permafrost. Pakati mugadziriro nemakomo intermountain zvanza (Issyk-Kul, Naryn uye Fergana).

To musi, muna pakadzika Tiến Shan yakawanikwa chicherwa deposits: cadmium, zingi, namavara akanaka nemekiyuri. Uye zvimwiro - mafuta. A muzvizhinji kuti aval mazitombo echando uye minda chando. Kana varipo, apo Tian Shan anobva zvoupfumi nemaonero, kamwe zviri pachena sei hombe basa iri gomo wemuTesitamende zvinakire akapoteredza States.

Uyezve, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nzizi (Naryn, Chu, Tarim, them etc.) uye Lake (Issyk-Kul, Chatyr-Kul uye Song-kel) ndezvaJehovha munyika zhinji kuyerera, uye naizvozvo, kuchikosha ukoshi okunze pakati Tian Shan. Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China uye Uzbekistan kunge refu vakadzidza zvireruke zvinhu izvi kuti maindasitiri zvinangwa.

Kazhinji, neketani gomo inoumbwa zvinotevera orographic munzvimbo:

• Northern Tiến-Shan kuitika anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri Kirghiz, Ketmen, Kungei Vangararai uye Vangararai Zailiyskiy;
• East Tiến Shan - Mountains Borohoro, Bogle-ula, Kuruktag, Sarmin ula, Irene Habyrga, Karlytag Halyktau;
• Western Tiến Shan - Talas Alatau, Karatau, Ugamsky, Pskem uye Chatkal yemakomo;
• South-Western Tiến Shan: rwezasi-dzokumadokero chikamu Fergana Range uye makomo dzakapoteredza Ferghana Valley;
• Inner Tiến-Shan iri mukati Kirghiz muhomba Fergana muhomba Issykkul mwoyo, muhomba Kokshaltau Akshiirak uye padombo guru.

West of nechepakati ematunhu kuumba anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri matatu dzakaparadzaniswa intermountain nembiya, akabatanidza Fergana akatevedzana. Eastern Region Tiến-Shan ine neeSultan maviri gomo kureba kusvika 5000 m, akaparadzaniswa nevanhu zvimwiro. Nokuti nharaunda iyi chaiwo sandara kwakadzikira kusvika 4,000 mamita - syrty.

Mountains Tianshan ane nzvimbo 7300 mativi makiromita ane glaciation The Kudeuka rechando - Inylchek. A nzvimbo guru inogarwa steppes gomo uye Semi-mumarenje. Mawere hwokuchamhembe zvakafukidzirwa kazhinji coniferous masango uye steppes zviri pamusoro yezwi iri subalpine uye YOMUMAKOMO Mafuro, pamusoro szyrts - chando gwenga nzvimbo.

4. Chikamu Height Tiến-Shan makomo: ngano, ngano, uye kunyanya mavambo zita

vafambi vazhinji kuongorora vanoziva kuti zita iri rinoreva "Mountains zvokudenga" iri Chinese mutauro. Maererano Soviet geographer EM Murzaeva, uyo akadzidza nenzvimbo mazwi mutauro Turkic, zita akakweretwa kubva pamashoko Tengritag ( "Tengri" - "Mwari, denga, Mwari" uye "Tag" - "gomo").

Tiến Shan, vane mufananidzo mu periodicals chaizvo nevakawanda, ndivo nomukurumbira ngano zhinji chokuita tsananguro vamwe nzvimbo kunge emo kukwezvana. Vose rokutanga uye rechipiri ngano, muchikamu chino, rinotiudzei nezvoUmambo ala-Too wemakomo eJudhiya, iri Northern Tiến Shan nharaunda.

Manchzhypy-Ata

Imwe nyika yakakurumbira zvinokwezva Alatoo - mumwe mupata zvinyorwa zvitsvene Manchzhypy-Ata yakanaka, inzvimbo nevakawanda outorwa. Heino neKijuni guru Sufi mudzidzisi uye musande Distributor vechiIslam kutenda pakati anongofamba Kyrgyz. Manchzhypy-Ata - harisi zita yomunhu. Saka panguva Turkic mitauro yakasiyana inonzi vanoremekedzwa murume, uye aiva musande aive nzvimbo vafambi, vakarurama kana hondo mafuro nyasha. Mupata ine hova zhinji venyika iyo vakarova yechirimo dzvene. Mumwe nomumwe wavo aifungidzirwa kuti hunorapa, uye avo kujairika zvivako kwakaratidzei akawanda kutungamirira Nyanzvi nyika.

Zvechokwadi, munguva dzekare, zvitubu izvi anogona kushumira uye kudiridza mhuka. Asi nokufamba kwenguva, muparidzi Islam akanga rusununguko masimba wokuisira matsime.

Vaya vaiva nomukana kushanyira Tian Shan Mountains iri Kyrgyzstan, mufananidzo izvo ndawana kunyanya hunonakidza, zvirokwazvo akanzwa mashoko pamusoro nyanzvi veko kuti matsime rangana vanoda chipo mhuri zvakanaka, pa nezivo nenjere uye kusunungura kushaya mbereko.

ngano Alatoo

ngano ichi anorondedzera yevedza gwapa, riri maererano pamwaka mvura masarasara kuyerera ruchiyerera kubva mezvikomo Terskey Alatoo kuna Issyk-Cool. Pasinei nokuti ivhu mawere pakati rokumupata, vashoma vane mumakwenzi, pakutanga kutarisa chinopunyairireiko, akatarira kunyatsotevera, mumwe anogona kunetseka zvakadini yochinja chitarisiko chavo uye pakubwinya kwayo zvose.

With ichi rakasvika zita kanjoni "rungano". Pano tarenda nyika: siyana mawere mavara dzinopenya chando paine siyana, uye enyika kukura kwomuzvarirwo zvenzombe reraimu uye jecha matombo, akafanana prehistoric vagere, kana matongo Castle.

The ngano pamusoro chishamiso zvakasikwa akazviratidza vachangobva. Panoti kuti mumipata runako kunoshamisa, uye kana imi kudzoka zvakare, nguva imwe neimwe mupata kuti kutarira nzira itsva. Ndokusaka Tours dzinorongwa pano aine enviable nguva, uye vafambi dzinoyerera asina yaoma chave mumakore.

Zviya, haasi munhu wose anoziva kuti kuwedzera zita ala-Too wemakomo eJudhiya ane mashomanana zvokusarudza - Atatau, Altai uye Alai kuti Turkic rinoreva "makomo motley". Ungangove, ichi ndicho tsananguro yose ndima Northern Tiến Shan ndiro raizivikanwa volatility uye siyana. Pano, girini Mafuro dzakarukwa nzizi, chando-chena misoro ikashandiswa pamwe matombo multi-mavara, akafukidza nemipaini masango uye rakajeka foothill steppes.

Section 5. Domestic Water

Tiến Shan Mountains iri Kyrgyzstan, sezvo zvirokwazvo mune dzimwe nyika dzose - imwe nzvimbo eko inotungamirwa, apo nzizi dzakawanda kubva pamazitombo echando kuchibva uye snowfields glacial-nival mapazi uye kuguma abudise uye kure negungwa madhamu kana kuumba "deltas rakaoma" kana mvura woga kupinda mafuta pamapani uye kuenda kudiridzwa.

nzizi huru All vane panotangira mumakomo Tiến Shan ndivo Ishe DARYA, Talas them, Chu, Manas, uye zvichingodaro. D. The enzizi chikafu chando uye mazitombo echando. Peak kuyerera ari kuchengetwa uye chirimo. Mvura inoshandiswa kudiridza, kwete chete dzomunyika pamipata dzegirini, asiwo pamapani munharaunda.

Large nyanza gomo hurongwa riri mujinga pasi intermountain nembiya uye vari tectonic nguva. mitumbi izvi dzemvura dziri wakawanda nyanza Issyk-Kul, uye Zvikwenzi madhamu kuti Chatyr-Kul noMwanakomana-Kul, inenge nguva yakafukidzwa chando. Panewo pre-glacial cirque uye nyanza (Merzbacher). Kudeuka dziva East munharaunda Tiến Shan - Bosten Lake, chokuita gungwa Lop Kana rwizi Kanchedarya.

Kune vazhinji duku miviri mvura, zvakawanda zvacho zvakadzama pamawere mabhanga uye vane logjam-mavambo dziva (Sary-Chelek Lake).

Section 6. nharaunda glaciation

Number glacial gomo hurongwa kunopfuura 7700. Pakati pavo pane mumipata, akarembera uye carovie mhando.

The zvachose nzvimbo mazizaya zvikuru chaizvo - anopfuura 900 akaenzana mamita. ? km. For Terskey Alatau mazizaya vari maitiro flattened misoro, zvinosanganisira undeveloped moraine idzodzo.

Tiến Shan mazizaya vanoumba chinoramba kumhanya. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chikamu anotsauka zvishoma nezvishoma yakatsiva nevamwe chete nokukurumidza.

Munguva yose nguva pose glacial pamusoro uyu zvemapuranga chiine paiva chando. Kusvikira zvino, dzakasiyana gomo kumatunhu nyika inogona kuwanikwa zvisaririra zvachose glaciation - miseve, moraines, cirques, zvimwiro uye dzemakomo glacial madhamu.

Ona kuti vose rwizi mugadziriro Central Asia ndiyo kwakatangira yakakurumbira Tiến Shan mazitombo echando. Mumwe wavo ari kupfuura rwizi Naryn (Kyrgyzstan). Tiến-Shan ndiye soro, uye naizvozvo, zvinogona kubatsira kuti paumbwe zvakadaro simba mvura arteries.

Mazizaya kufudza diki gomo nzizi - mutero kuna Naryn. Achibva kumusoro sorukova, ivo kukurira refu nzira uye vari kuwedzera simba kwazvo. On Naryn akavaka kupindana hombe uye svikiro kadikidiki hydropower zvirimwa.

The parera of Tiến Shan Mountains iri picturesque mudziva Issyk-Kul, akagara 7th nzvimbo ndandanda vakawanda guru uye zvakadzama zvitunha mvura. It riri mu hofori tectonic mupata pakati anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri gomo. Pano Ndinoda kuzorora sezvinoita veko, uye vashanyi vazhinji, kuuya nemhuri yavo yose uye mapoka shamwari ruzha.

Dziva nzvimbo iri 6332 mativi mamita. m, uye ayo udzamu rinosvika mamita 700 Pano unogona kuwedzera uye mamwe madhamu makuru Internal Tiến-Shan -. Song-Kul uye Chatyr-Kul.

In dzemakomo pane yakarongwa miviri diki mvura uye glacial chando mhando, zvisingakwanisi kuchinja okunze kwenzvimbo, asi vaiona chaanofarira zororo mavara.

Kashoma munhu kuti nharo chokwadi kuti, uti, Tiến Shan Mountains iri Kyrgyzstan, mifananidzo zviri zvikuru zvakafanana - inzvimbo rinofanira akashanyira kanenge kamwe muupenyu hwavo. NaMatthew iri kuchengetwa mune dzimwe nyika. Gore negore pazororo pano anouya zvakawanda vashanyi akasiyana makona pose.

Section 7. Features vomunharaunda fauna of

Kana uchifunga pamusoro apo Tiến Shan ndiko, tinogona kufunga kuti zvechokwadi fauna of ayo akapa vagere murenje uye inowanzorimwa fauna of.

The kupfuura vakawanda vamiririri veko fauna of vari yemhara, tsindi, tsuro stomp gerbil, inosvetuka, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Pakati zvinokambaira ndivo vakawana nyoka (coluber, cottonmouth, nyoka) dzvinyu.

Shiri vakawaridza larks, bustards, partridges, makondo pazvikomo.

Asi munyika pakati vari inogarwa vamiririri dondo fauna of -. Musii, mashava bheya, yokuSpain, mhumhi, gava, nondo uye shiri etc. Kubva ipapo akatonga nutcracker uye crossbill.

Yakakwirira munzvimbo gomo kurarama marmots, voles, mbudzi dzomumakomo, namakondohwe uye stoats. Yakanaka kwazvo uye kushoma ndicho chikara chando mbada (magiramu). Shiri - makondo, magora, shiri, Zvikwenzi chough, etc ...

Hwemvura shiri (duck, shiri) anowanikwa mugomo madhamu. Issyk-Kul ari kutama nguva kuona swans, uye Bosten Lake - hove uye nhema shuramurove. The madhamu ndiwo mugove hove (Rudd, Marina, Osman and unto.).

Section 8. Pobeda Peak - nhoroondo kukunda

Vazhinji vanoti Tiến Shan Mountains muKazakhstan, uyo kureba kazhinji kwazvo 6000 metres, pfungwa hofori vavaRefaimu, akatora anenge kudenga. Zvisinei, yakakwirira achiri kwete pano.

Victory Peak (Chinese zita Tomur) iri Kyrgyzstan pedyo Chinese kumuganhu. Rinowanikwawo mazita panhongonya dzawo (7439 m).

Anofungidzirwa urengarenga yakatanga kukundwa neboka makomo Soviet muna 1938. Kunyange kune chokwadi kuti kana vasvika manhengatenga. Muna 1943, kuti vachengete kukunda vokuGermany pana Stalingrad, hurumende yeSoviet muna Peak Pobeda muchetura ne chikwata.

Uyewo, muna 1955 kukwira kumusoro zvikwata zviviri kure. Route mumwe wavo akamhanya kuna Chọn-tani muKazakhstan, uye mumwe - achitevedza rechando asiterisiki muna Uzbekistan. Nokuda okunze chikwata kubva Kazakhstan, richisvika 6,000 metres, akamanikidzwa aende pasi neshure. Group vanhu 12, mumwe chete vakapona. Kubvira ipapo, makomo vane mukurumbira wakaipa. Pamukwidzwa mberi nhasi. Zvikurukuru ndiro vakashinga makomo kubvira Russia uye Kishi.

Section 9. Heavenly Lake Tiến Shan

At 110? Km kubva Urumqi, kumusoro kumakomo China, izvozvo wakavanza pachena mudziva Tianchi ( "Lake kuDenga") kuva kirisendi chimiro. A dura pamusoro nharaunda dzinenge 5.0 ba. km kudzama - M vanopfuura 100.

Vanhu kudana mudziva "Pearl of Mountain voKudenga." Zvinonzi chikafu uchanyangadika-mvura twi. Summer pondi anoponesa vanhu muchitonhorera vake kubva pakupisa. Tianchi akapoteredzwa chando Nhongonya, mawere akafukidzwa nemipaini masango, uye minda ruva. Mumwe nenhongonya - Bogdafen yepamusoro yakakwirira kupfuura 6000 M mudenga pamusoro pegungwa zvapungu kubhururuka ..

zita rayo aimbova kwegungwa yaiva 1783. Chokutanga rakatumidzwa Yaochi ( "Jade Lake"). Tsika inoti dziva rakanga Fonts pakati Taoist mwarikadzi Xi Wang-mü, muchengeti zvitubu nezvibereko kusafa. Pamahombekombe kukura Peach muti, vane zvibereko ndiunganidzire upenyu husingaperi kuvanhu.

Section 10. Mountain ushanyi

vafambi vazhinji, kunyanya vatsigiri zvemitambo, edza kanenge kamwe hwose kushanya Tiến Shan. Photos akatorwa pano kare ashanyirwa vafambi, mumwe kuchabatsira kuona itsva achitungamirirwa yezororo. Uye mumwe vachaabata vari kutarisira inotevera rutsigiro.

Nzvimbo huru dzose nyika ichangobva kutaurwa runoumbwa nomunzvimbo dzine makomo. Hazvishamisi, nharaunda iri rakanakira kukura the ushanyi. On mawere akazarura yakawanda plesieroorde, materu vari yakakodzera zvose nyanzvi beginners. Nokuti zvivanakire kushanda michina mubayiro uye varayiridzi zvichakubatsira kudzidza Skiing unyanzvi.

Somuenzaniso, muna Kyrgyzstan, dzakakurumbira chaizvo state plesieroorde "Oru-Sai", "Orlovka" "Kashka-Sưu" uye "etana".

The mwaka anozarura muna December uye inoguma mukupera March. The yakanakisisa mwedzi kuti nemadzinza inokurukurwa muna February uye March. In dzakakwirira vari mazizaya echando hazviuyi, kunyange muzhizha. Fans kuti freeride itakurwe pachikomo anogona kushandisa neherikoputa kana motokari. Nokuti makomo vakaronga rworwendo pamusoro nenhongonya uye mazitombo echando uye dzakatenuka. Gomo mawere akakodzera Skiing uye Snowboarding.