Franz Josef Land. Franz Josef Land - Island. Franz Josef Land - Tours

Franz Josef, sezvamakaropafadzwa chitsuwa (vanosvika 192) vane zvachose nharaunda 16.134 mativi mamita. km riri mu kweArctic Ocean. The chikuru Chikamu nharaunda kweArctic chikamu Primorsky yeRwizi Arkhangelsk Region. Nepariri, rakakamurwa 3 zvikuru zvikamu: yokumabvazuva, nechepakati uye vokumadokero. Wokutanga zvinosanganisira zvitsuwa Wilczek Land (2 ba. M. Km) uye Gream Bell (1,7 sq. M. Km). Ivo vanoparadzaniswa vakasara yeAustria Strait. The pakukura maererano nokuwanda boka zvitsuwa riri nechepakati chikamu. Iye anogeza British Channel uye Strait Austria. Sechivako rokumadokero nharaunda chinosanganisira chitsuwa chikuru kwemubatanidzwa -. George Land nzvimbo 2,9 zviuru ba M. ? km. Franz Joseph vakawanda ane bani, rakaorera-zvakadai pamusoro. Its avhareji yakakwirira iri 400-490 M yakakwirira - 620 metres.

kuonekwa

Kuvapo boka zvitsuwa kumabvazuva Spitsbergen rakafanotaura hakuna musayendisiti mukuru Russian, okutanga Lomonosov, uye shure kwake Schilling uye Kropotkin. The yokupedzisira muna 1871, akapa Russian Geographical Society rwendo nepurani kudzidza, asi hurumende akaramba govera mari. The rezvitsuwa Franz Josef Land yakawanikwa chete netsaona. Izvi zvakaitika apo rweAustro-Hungary rwendo pasi murayiro Yu Payer uye Karl Weyprecht akapinda muna 1872 kuumba kumabvazuva Passage. Zvisinei, ngarava yavo yakanga anoteyiwa chando, uye zvishoma nezvishoma raireva kumadokero New Earth. Muna 1873, musi 30 Nyamavhuvhu, kuti schooner "Admiral Tegetgoff" vakasungira chikepe pamhenderekedzo yatakanga nyika. Panguva iyoyowo, Payer uye Weyprecht vakanga vakaongororwa mapeto dzayo kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, ndeipi Franz Josef Land, hazvina kuzivikanwa kuti munhu. In April 1874 Payer akakwanisa kusvika pfungwa Coordonatele 82 ° 5 'rwokumusoro Latitude. Zvakanzi zvekare kuwanikwa rokutanga zano yezvitsuwa. Panguva iyoyo, vatsvakurudzi vakafunga kuti inoitwa zvinoverengeka guru nzvimbo. Open nyika anopiwa zita akazivikanwa Franz Joseph I, naMambo Austria.

kuitwa

Muna 1873 Payer uye Weyprecht icho kumaodzanyemba ndima, uye muchirimo 1874 ivo vayambuka nayo mhiri kubva kurutivi rwezasi kusvikira kurutivi rwokumusoro pamusoro Sled sleds. Kwaivawo nguva yokutanga ine schematic kumiririrwa Franz Josef Land. Map, sezvo zvikazooneka Papera, akanga yakawanda zvikanganiso. Muna 1881-1882 gg. yakatsaurwa pamusoro Yacht "Eira" akashanyira Scot B. L. Smit. Uye mumakore 1895-1897. Chirungu geographer Frederick Jackson, mave zhinji kuongorora zvinokosha wokumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero, nechepakati uye kumaodzanyemba zvikamu kwemubatanidzwa. Gare gare Zvakazoitika kuti boka rinoumbwa zvakawanda zvitsuwa zvizhinji kupfuura zvaitarisirwa. Zvisinei, vakanga zvishoma zvinokosha pakukura tichienzanisa kuti nyora pamepu Payer.

Around iyoyi, kumusoro-kumabvazuva uye pakati chikamu rezvitsuwa akashanyira Nansen uye Johansen. Muna June 1896 Norwegian Nansen netsaona yakawanikwa iri pamusoro. Northbrook chando Frederika Dzheksona. Muzhizha 1901 zasi-nechokumadokero uye yokumaodzanyemba chacho, iye akashanyira uye inoitwa pakuongorora kwavo Mutevedzeri-Admiral S. O. Makarov. Munguva anofungidzirwa kukura nharaunda yose yakatangwa. Zvadaro, muna 1901-1902 gg. tsvakurudzo mabasa yakaramba masayendisiti American Baldwin uye Ziegler. Akatevera kubva 1903 kusvika 1905. nechinangwa kusvika Pole rwendo itsva yakarongwa pamusoro chando. Zvinonzi inotungamirirwa Ziegler uye chinu. Munguva kubva 1913 kusvika 1914-ndipo muna Bay Silent pachiwi Hooker akatungamirira basa boka geographers G. Ya. Sedova. Muzhizha ra1914 okupedzisira nhengo asara ari rwendo Brusilov - Albanov uye Conrad - vakakwanisa kufamba kusvika akwegura mujinga Jackson-Harmsworth. It yaiva Cape Flora pamusoro. Northbrook. geographers ipapo vakanunurwa-yemhando schooner "St. Fock".

Accession kuRussia uye pakuzadzisa

Muna 1914, kundotsvaka Group G. Ya. Sedova rwendo akashanyira chitsuwa pakutanga Islyamova. Iyewo wakarondedzera nzvimbo chikamu wenharaunda Russia uye akamutsa mureza. Muna 1929, munyika Bay Silent iri. Hooker masayendisiti Soviet tsvakurudzo yokutanga chiteshi yakavhurwa. Nemhaka yake, Franz Josef Land Kubvira kuva wegore kubvuma Soviet polar nzendo. Muna 50-ies. Twentieth remakore vakanga kurongwazve mapoka radar mauto kuzvidavirira. Mumwe wavo akatora Franz Josef Land. The muchiuto pechingoro yaiva pamusoro. Gream Bell. Pano akaisa yechi30 yoga radar uye pasiri aviakomendatura kambani. Last Serviced chando Banga. Asi ichi hachisi zvose inokosha yesangano iri kurasa Franz Josef Land. Alexandra Island akatora 31-fung yoga radar boka "Nugarskaya". zvidzidzo izvi vaiva zvikuru kuchamhembe muchiuto zviumbu Soviet Union. Mukutanga 90-ies. vakanga chapedzwa. Muna 2008, mukufamba tsvakurudzo pamusoro aizi yenyukireya inonzi "Yamal" akawanikwa akaparadzaniswa kubva pamusoro. Northbrook chikamu nyika. In rukudzo womukuru kweArctic zvakanzi zita Yuri Kuchiev. September 10, 2012 rwendo Aari pamusoro aizi yenyukireya "Russia" yakavhurwa mumwe penzvimbo chikamu. Northbrook.

uwandu hwevanhu

At Franz Josef Land uye makanzuru havana zvachose vagari. Temporary maumbirwo chavagari chinosanganisira FSB muganhu varindi, mudonzvo kutsvakurudza zvechitima. Nguva nenguva, panewo mhenyu chikamu mhepo kudzivirira mauto. Vachiita chombo kudzivirira kuchamhembe munzvimbo Russian. Maererano daka mishumo, muna 2005 munharaunda chitsuwa Hayes akavhura zvikuru posvo "Arkhangelsk 163 100". kwayo kushanda nguva kunofanira sezvo yakanga 1 awa, kubva maawa 10 kusvika 11 Chipiri kuburikidza Chishanu. Muna September 2013, pasi chiratidzo 163100 ru- posvo "Ngirozi Huru" (pamusoro. Hayes, Franz Josef Land). basa rake purogiramu - kubva 10 kusvika 11 maawa ose neChitatu.

mazitombo echando

Vakafukidza dzakawanda pemvura rezvitsuwa (87%). Power zvichisiyana 100 kusvika mamita 500. Kubva nokuburuka kugungwa echando icebergs akaumba vakazochinja. Kusvika pamwero mukuru kubatwa Icing zvikamu yose nharaunda nechokumabvazuva uye kumaodzanyemba-okumabvazuva. New idzodzo kuonekwa chete panguva misoro echando machira. Muchiitiko chino, maererano migumisiro zvidzidzo akafukidza Franz Josef Land ndiye kutsanya chaizvo todzokera. Kana dzakaona mwero wokuparadza rayo richaramba chete, kuti rechando nzvimbo makore 300 aigona zvachose.

Franz Josef Land. Hot, kutonhora?

Sezvinoitwa kupararira Islands boka peArctic ekunze. Avhareji tembiricha wepagore uri kuda. Rudolf inosvika -12 ° C. Muna July, muna Bay Islands Akanyarara Hooker mhepo rematsutso kusvika -1,2 ° C, uye pachitsuwa Hayes, uko Observatory. Krenkel (nechokumusoro ekunze yemapurisa munyika), - kuti + 1,6 ° C. Paavhareji tembiricha iri January inenge -24 ° C, uye yakadereresa dzakasvikira -52 ° C. Peak gusts mhepo - 40 m / chik. anosiya kubva avhareji 250 kusvika 550 mm pagore The kuunganidza echando machira kunayisa wongoramba.

Nemiti uye fauna of kweArctic

Zvinomera pabutiro iri akatonga rezvitsuwa mosses uye lichens. Kunewo grits, polar the willow, saxifrage uye neArctic Poppy. Pakati mhuka unogona kuona Bheya rakamira pachando. Kashoma kuwana munhu chena gava. The yegungwa vari yaigarwa walrus, rudimbwa chisimbiso, beluga, narwhal, iwo chisimbiso uye Bearded chisimbiso. Dzakapfuma vanomirirwa mune Fauna of rezvitsuwa shiri - kune 26 chete mhando mapapiro. Pakati pavo, scrapers, dema-makumbo marefu kittiwake, Guillemot, chena yegungwa shoma auks, Mayor and unto. Muchirimo, zvinoumba shiri dzaitongwa.

Kutungamirirwa Tours kuna North Pole

Zvikuru sei anoita rwendo kuti rezvitsuwa Franz Josef Land? Tours mu kweArctic inogona kutengwa panguva mari 875 076 rubles. ($ 24,995). Hongu, inodhura kwazvo! The mvumo kungasanganisira kufamba pamwe rwendo chikwata mu kuchengeterwa "Franz Josef Land". Pasina mubvunzo, ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinhu kujairika dzomutengo pazororo mikana. chirongwa The karwendo anoda kuzadzisa "pamusoro wenyika" - 90 inegumi. W. mungarava aizi munyika renyukireya rine simba zvikuru-dzinofambiswa "Makore 50 Victory". Kukunda nechando chokudenga kweArctic inoguma ane grilli pamusoro chando pakavha, kunonakidza, "Around the World" kumativi kudhanzi uye dzishambire kweArctic Ocean. Kudzoka, vafambi zvatichapa neherikoputa Tours pazvitsuwa rezvitsuwa, pavanogadzira panoraama iyo hazvo muchawana runako rwayo. The 540 makiromita North Pole ndiyo nzvimbo munhu kuwanda zvisimbiso, kweArctic shiri, walruses uye polar nemapere. Kana kuronga tourist rwendo vanofanirawo kufunga ndechokuti rwendo kunoitika ari kure, zvishoma-kuzivikanwa uye kure chikamu pose. Somugumisiro, chirongwa nzira inogona chete kuonekwa semunhu mukuru, exploratory rwendo plan, nekuti achifuridzirwa nechitarisiko zvinhu zvakadai chando, mamiriro okunze uye nevamwe. Anogona kuchinja. Sezvinoratidzwa-gore gumi tsika, hapana rwendo rwokuparidza asingadi kudzokorora chaizvoizvo yapfuura kuti kweArctic. Yezvakaita North Pole anoita pachavo zvinhu zvayo. Ndiwo peculiarity uye specificity kuti rwendo kufamba kwokunakidzwa.

Total hwokufamba

zuva 1

Kusvika muna Murmansk, achiwana weimwe ngarava inopwanya aizi. At chengarava riri kutarisira apo boka revafambi zvichaita chaienda inomirira aizi munyika renyukireya rine simba zvikuru ne lyric yakanzi "Makore 50 Victory". Kwapera nguva kweareka kusiya yakaoma uye ndindosangana zviitiko itsva, vachipfuura ari Kola Bay.

zuva 2

MuGungwa Barents. An chinokosha ose rwendo - kugadzirira vanhu kuti zvinhu rwendo kujairika. Nhengo chikwata musangano nekuchengetedzwa mitemo vaivamo ngarava uye neherikoputa, ndichaita zivisa vashanyi uyewo kukuudza pamusoro ose nuances chokuita Implementation iri kumhara mu kweArctic.

zuva 3-5

A tikaruramira kweArctic. Three arambe akazara zuva mungarava, vatakurwi achaiswa ndinozivana zvinofadza zvenhoroondo chokwadi uye zvinoshamisa hunhu mudunhu rino.

zuva 6

Kusvika panguva North Pole. Paaienda nokwawaienda mukuru nokunonoka chaiwo anofambisa vanokundikana aizi kuti aikoshesa Coordinates - 90 ° North Latitude. Mushure zvokurega chikepe pazororo achiburuka pamusoro yakakodzera chando floe uye mufambiro zvazova tsika tsika "vakapoteredza nyika parwendo." Izvi zvinoteverwa mumwe anofadza zvainobatsira - ichapa vafambi kunyora manotsi, izvo panguva iyoyo akaisa simbi Kamudzira uye vanoshamba mukudzika kweArctic Ocean.

zuva 7-9

Destination - Franz Josef Land. Pasinei chokwadi kuti huru chinangwa rwendo ari kare, vafambi vacharamba kutarisira zvakawanda zvinofadza uye zviitiko. The zvakanaka akachengetedzwa zvivakwa kubvumira kuongorora inokosha munhau kwakaitika rezvitsuwa, makore akawanda akapfuura. Pakati pavo zvinokosha kuziva paimba. Bell, yakavakwa muna 1881, nhengo Lee Smith rwendo, uye matongo akare mumusasa vanenge. Northbrook. Zvaiva imomo kuti muna 1896 pakanga musangano zvinokosha Nansen uye Jackson. Uyewo munokosha ndinorova ndiye Cape muNorway, apo vakawanda 7 months akatungamirira pakubatsirana tsvakurudzo F. Nansen uye Johansen; kukudza kuyeuka musayendisiti G. Ya. Sedova, vane mufananidzo akava kumumvuri huru hunhu apo kusika yokufungidzira "Captains Vaviri" Kaverina. Pristine kwedenga kweArctic uye mavambo nzvimbo yokugara rinopa vaeni yacho Franz Josef Land. Photos akatorwa munzvimbo iyi, kunokonzeresa kuorora pamwe kusiyana kwavo uye runako. Mazizaya chakatodzana making craters, pamwe multi-mavara nemakapeti ose mosses uye rakajeka mavara poppies pave anoshamisa, usingatsananguriki mhepo zvinoenderana. Rokumanikidzirwa chikamu kweArctic nzvimbo ndiwo zviuru rookeries uye walrus rookeries, achizadza mumhenderekedzo dzegungwa jengachenga Franz Josef Land yezvitsuwa. Photo pamusoro pachipfuva polar zvisikwa kunoita kuti andobata rakasiyana nguva muupenyu uye kuchengeta payo mundangariro kwemakore anouya.

zuva 10-11

MuGungwa Barents. Ndiyo nguva kudzokera kuguta Murmansk. Kudzoka, mukuru vanozokumbira vaiuya kuzodya panguva mufurati rake. Ikoko, vakatakurwa vachakwanisa kuzorora mune boka dzinonakidza uye kunakidza kuteerera nyaya dzechokwadi pamusoro basa pamusoro aizi kubva kupi.

Chii chinobatanidzwa mu zvachose Mari rwokuparidza

• Travel mune aizi "Makore 50 Victory".
• Yakarongwa boka Tours. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvose mumhenderekedzo yegungwa yenzendo, kushanyira nzvimbo chenhau kukosha uye zvimwe zviitiko helicopters.
• Excursions pamusoro zodiacs (nemijenya mutungamiriri rwendo nokuda achiipa mamiriro okunze anogona waived).
• Program hurukuro vakazvigadzirirwa anozivikanwa zvakasikwa uye nyanzvi munzvimbo.
• zvokudya Four (kusanganisira yakachena pastries in masikati); kofi uye chiedza nezvikafu zvishoma panyika zuva; mvura yokunwa.
• Rabha majombo nokuti rendi kuti nguva yose rwendo.
• Informational zvokuvakisa pakudzokorora uye rwendo dhayari vane mapikicha paDVD.
• Postage uye michina mari.
• Special bhachi nokuti rwendo.
• Medical inishuwarenzi pamusoro tsaona mundege.