GAZ-46: Magadzirirwo uye tsananguro

Gorky Automobile Plant yakabereka zvakawanda mota vakakodzera ndangariro nezvizvarwa. Interesting zvaiva pangoro womuenzaniso, uye kunobva kwavari muchini zvinangwa zvakasiyana. Exotic kudanwa wakabudiswa pahwaro GAZ-69 jipi GAZ-46 "Amphibian".

Background pamusoro

Zvakaitika Second World War paakaratidza uye zvaasingagoni Soviet muchiuto zvokushandisa, uyewo Makwanza ayo zvisikwa. Zvinoyangarara motokari akanga asiri muchiuto.

Akagamuchira pasi kweretesa-risi nemavhiri mana nemotokari Ford GPA amphibian uye mavhiri nhanhatu rinotumira DUKW akwanise kuyambuka rwizi kuEastern Europe panguva tsamwisa sovestskih mauto muNazi Germany.

Chokwadi, unyanzvi uyu wabatwa pamusoro katsamba, uye pakarepo pashure pehondo muurongwa kwenguva refu apiwa nevamwe vaisanganisira mufambi uye mitoro Gators.

Zvikurukuru vanofarira mauto wehondo lightweight motokari inokwanisa boosting mvura nezvipingamupinyi uye ufambe chete neboka warrior motokari.

Cargo DUKW aiva kumumvuri pakati zis-485 okutanga - guru motokari waterfowl (Masvingo). Analogue kuyangarara SUV Ford GPA uye akava pamusoro kwenguva GAZ-46 motokari reMauritius Small natatorial.

History of zvinoyangarara motokari

Mauto akanga vafarire ichi mhando zvigadzirwa kuti yatova muna 1948 Research Engine Institute (nami) akatanga nokuda neDare Vashumiri uye kushumira yemotokari uye tarakita indasitiri kukura amphibians tichifunga tsime pachikuva SUV GAZ-67. The mashoko panotaurwa ataurwa pamusoro mabikirwo, zvakagadzirirwa kutakurirwa nomumugwagwa uye nomugungwa rikarira uye sabhoteji mapoka evanhu vatanhatu kana 500 makirogiramu kuti zvinhu, vachikweva pamusoro mvura chiedza Trailers, pontoons nevamwe zvinoyangarara zvivako zvinoshandiswa kuburikidza ouinjiniya nemauto.

Okutanga mhando vakadanwa nami-011, vakapfuura interdepartmental miedzo uye vakanga rakarumbidzwa kuitwa kuti mauto, pasinei nokuti akagadzira yakanga wakaipa.

Kugadzirwa amphibians akapomerwa Gorky. Dyarai nyanzvi vakaita zvakawanda kuchinja design, kuvandudza chokupika muchina, saka kusvikira hurongwa of GAZ-67.

Kubva 1951 kusvika 1953, kutanga batch mangé esimbi kupinda muchiuto yainzi GAZ-011 uye saka akaronga muchiuto kuti paiva nematambudziko akakomba kusimukira uye zvinenge nani motokari GAZ-46, izvo akatora kufungawo zvakataurwa kune yapfuura womuenzaniso uye zvachose dzakawanda kutadza kwayo.

Neminhenga zvakakomba chivande, kubhururuka misoro, akashandura utungamiri, asi pakupedzisira, motokari itsva inobva zvikuru ano GAZ-69 akasunungurwa.

Zvinosuwisa, yakabereka Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika refu kumugumo mashanu asati, nekuti pakutanga pashure pehondo emakore, zvachinja kwete chete michina asiwo Zano yehondo, uye chiedza Gators vakava basa. Uyezve, kugadzirwa mujinga GAZ-69 akanga akataura Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant, apo zvakanga zvisingaiti kubudisa amphibians nokuda evasingatombonamati woshanda zvikonzero.

Description amphibians

Buoyancy waterfowl michina inopa pekugara imwe simbi welded pamatanda bhokisi profiles. Chassis uye Kupfuudzwa vaibva GAZ-69, uye injini - kubva motokari "Pobeda" GAZ-M20.

Kuchinjwa nyaya yaiva nechimwe nomubato nokuda ari hwindimiri pamwe mashizha matatu, anodzivirirwa kukuvara kubva pasi simba chinhu chakakombama. Vanodzungunyika netambo yakaiswa pamusoro gozvo mbiru unobatanidza kuti mvura vhiri, iri akaisa mvura ndege akasikwa kubudikidza sikuruu.

zvaibvira kuderedza zvishoma vachimanikidzwa kuvandudza muchinjikwa ari silty nomunzvimbo dzine tai, pasina kutya kuti makumbo yakarova mvura. wiring All achiumbwa pamwe chisimbiso magetsi connectors, hakudi kuchengetedzwa uye Distributor, nokuti rwakanamirwa chose.

Yakaiswa pamusoro dashboard yambiro chiedza kudzora ingress mvura kunhare. On the foredeck GAZ-46 yaiwana mafuro uye tailpipe. Zvisinei, ruzha kubva mafuro chakasimba kuti akafumura motokari. Ukuwo uta uriri chiri mutsipa tangi vanokwanisa, i.e. kana zvakakodzera kuti wedzera mafuta mumota zvinogona zvakananga pamusoro mvura.

Housing zvinoyangarara motokari

Housing Gaz 46 pagadzirwe mhando kuumbwa pasina pamahwindo, rakakamurwa nezvikamu zvitatu nokuda transverse masvingo. The uta mupanda ndiyo injini-hutachiwana mupanda. The nechepakati mupanda ndiyo nzvimbo yemutekenyi rikarira vakatakurwa shure penhumbi mupanda.

On the mhino riri Kuchinja kwezvinhu kanganisa ndiro riri kumutswa vasati vapinda mvura. Rinovatadzisa "vachiviga" yepamhino mumvura, anodzivirira mhepo yaunodya kuti kutonhora injini uye nechepakati mupanda kubva mvura.

Zvayaiva pakati headlights kuti mooring bollard amphibian pamusoro mvura uye capstan nokuda kununura Buoy.

Kunze muviri, mhikuriso vakatasva kuvhunduka absorbers. The rwemberi yokumusoro pachikuva ukapisa murwi kupembedza vhiri.

Cab GAZ-46

kabhini design, kana iri nyaya zvakakodzera ruzha tsanangudzo Spartan nyore sezvo amphibian yakanga yakagadzirirwa pamusoro mirayiridzo nemauto. Nyaradzo kana vashandi kana mubhazi haana inopiwa. Uye vose, zvakanga kuti kunyoresa mumotokari GAZ-46, asi sezvinoita chikepe. The chiridzwa Panel yakatorwa kubva GAZ-69 zvachose. Kupfuudzwa levers kurudyi ari mutyairi. Akaisa zvikomberedzo kujairika chimiro uye chinoramba chichingorerutsa mitemo vari pedyo mumwe kuti duku sezvinobvira rwokugadzira makomba kuburikidza iyo mvura kupinda munhare. windshield furemu anoiswa pamusoro Hood ari mufambi mupanda inogona kufukidzwa nematende.

Mumutsara pamberi zvigaro ine zvigaro zviviri nokuti mukuru uye mutyairi. Shure pavo akagadzawo bhenji katatu pasina kugadziriswa.

In mberi kuti vakasununguka nazvo ndiwo mafuta firita.

injini amphibians

Gorky akashandisa GAZ-46 injini dzemhuri imwe, izvo yakapiwa panguva fekitari pashure peHondo Yenyika II. Ivo peturu (mafuta rinogona kushandiswa kunyange aine octane nhamba 66), zvina-sitiroko Otto, mumwe Vhoriyamu 2.1 litres.

The Motors 20 uye M-gasi-69 dzinenge akafanana marongerwo uye uchitikurudzira miganhu. GAZ-69 inokwana 55 litres. s., nokuti waterfowl muchina iri nani nokuti akashongedzerwa ane mafuta unotonhorera, izvo haatarisiri anoridza mhepo pa dzakakwirira aimhanya, izvo hazvidzivisiki kana kufamba mumvura.

Engine simba ne "Win", rinova nechigadziko, kwete zvikuru kudzika - 52 litres. a.

Nekuti injini yaiva mhepo kuwana iri shoma, kupisa exchangers mu yomugungwa kutonhora redunhu anopiwa kubva pakutanga kuti kutonhora simba chirimwa.

M20 boka injini aiva akavimbika uye vanopfeka nemishonga, zvinonzi zvichiri kumhanya pamusoro michina vakwegura. Ndivo nyore yokutarisira, kuvariritira uye kugadziriswa asi pano ndiyo nzvimbo iiswe nenzira yakamanikana uye rakadzika mhenderekedzo inoita imperceptible chiremera munyika GAZ-46.

hutachiwana amphibians

Motokari akashongedzerwa aine-padanho matatu Chinyorwa hutachiwana vatatu yedzimudzangara ratios Gears 3.115, 1,772 uye 1.0 ukuwo, uye panguva shure - 3.738. Kutamisirwa nyaya - hunyambiri-danho, pamwe giya ratios ose 1.15 uye 2,78. The giya reshiyo pamusoro conical huru hutachiwana ane helical nezino - 5.125, pamusoro gozvo mashandiro, raiva globoid gonye vakavirikidza chinotenderera - 18.2.

Clutch - yakaoma chete ndiro. Chocks, basa - mavhiri zvose mana hydraulic ngarurege kubva That the pedals, kupaka - nokupfuuridzirwa ane Chinyorwa zvokuimba tikachirega.

Technical zvechadenga ari GAZ-46 motokari

General mashoko kure-mumugwagwa:

- nhamba panzvimbo: 5 kana 2 + 500 makirogiramu;

- uremu: matani 1,85 pasina nhumbi;

- kukura urefu × upamhi × kukwirira (the Hood ndiro): 5,06 × 1,735 × 2,04 M;

- WB: 2.3 M;

- pasi Clearance pasi zvokubatisa (izere mutoro): 210 mm;

- akashandura nharaunda iri kupfuura projecting chikamu - 6.5 m.

Nepanyika Gaz 46 ane pamusoro kumhanya 90 km / h, paavhareji - 48 km / h, nokuti mvura - 9 km / awa.

Highway chinotsva kunwa iri marita 17 paminiti 100 km, kana kufamba mumvura inodiwa peturu 16.5 litres paawa panyika simba kuchengeterwa - 500 km, yerera - maawa 6. Kuti akurire inoerera motokari haakwanisi, materu kuwanikwa naye - 60%.

upenyu hutsva yekare amphibians

Nokuti anopfuura hafu remakore yapfuura kubva pakabudiswa achangobuda michina, Ngura-vakawanda pamusoro varikumahombekombe kweuto vamapoka mota vakaenda chinyorwa, asi ndinoonga mafeni retromobiles vamwe vavo upenyu hutsva akapiwa.

Yanhasi mafungiro inodaro runako muviri wayo vakachengeteka. Zvisinei, ari kupora kwake akawana shoma nguva uye kushanda nesimba. Asi injini yacho rakachinjwa kuva simba ne "Volga" Gas 24/31. 46TH GAZ pamwe mutoro anoyera matani anopfuura maviri nehafu, uye M20 injini nokuti vaiona simba. Zvisinei, kuti atonhodze munhu ano peturu injini isina mhepo chete munhare, unonyatsoshanda mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro kuti Diesel. Siya vanachiremba chizvarwa Chinyorwa hutachiwana, razdatku, sikuruu, mabhiriji, capstan, mumwe pombi kuti kupomba mvura uye midziyo yemagetsi (!). Kunyange zvazvo mabhiriji pasina rakavhara vatyairi kuitika musaonesesa, kushandura navo muchiuto. Mavhiri, zvichida zvino havana kuwana, saka akaisa "hama kure" - UAZ.

Amphibian kunze

Fans kuti kuyangarara mota vane pose. Muenzaniso unoshamisa ndiro chiitiko ndiyo inodiwa-Trarbach (Germany) muna August 2014, apo rwizi rwaMoselle amphibian varidzi vakaungana motokari dzavo. Vaiita mienzaniso uye mumigwagwa, uye rwizi dzinza.

Panguva vhiki I kwakatora ichi yezororo mhemberero zvekushandisa pfungwa. Rakanga akapindwa motokari siyana anenge makumi matanhatu, kusanganisira nedzimwe musha-yakaitwa Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika.

Zvinofadza kuti vakawanda zvakanga nokusingaperi zvinoyangarara SUV Ford GPA (kwaiva gumi), iro sehofisi kumumvuri nokuda GAZ-46. Photo inosimbisa ukama ichi kunyange nhasi. Pamusoro mufananidzo Ford, uye nechepasi zvinoyangarara Russian SUV (kwaiva vashanu vari kumusangano). Nenzira, ndiye aiva DUKW marori uye Porsche Schwimmwagens, muchirongwa Second War World Wehrmacht hondo.

mhando amphibians

GAZ-46 waikudzwa pasi nhamba 100 kupinda muunganidzwa yokutevedzera yeRussian yesayenzi uye rokudzidzisa magazini pamusoro motokari Soviet "Avtolegendy USSR." Bhuku iri chakatsaurirwa mumwe womuenzaniso, inobudiswa kaviri pamwedzi uye aisanganisira Mabhii kopi imwe muteresi motokari, kwakaitwa pamwero 1: 43 muna China ne wokuItaly kambani DeAgostini. The akataura anodhinda run aiva makopi 120,000. Dark zvakasvibirira muchini yakadaro chikero yakakwana akadzama kwakashanda zvizere, asi nyanzvi dzinoti mavhiri hamusi womuenzaniso kumba, uye kushatisa pakuonekwa tende. The muenzaniso rwakoromoka migove mina: muviri, mukati, pasi uye chinonyanya dziine tsvina, dzisingatarisiki tende.

Made muenzaniso amphibian zvakafanana pamwero uye mumusangano "Ural Falcon" muna Yekaterinburg, kwete nyoro chete, asiwo zvikuru decoration mavara, zvakadai zvitema kana tsvuku.

GAZ-46 kutengeswa anogadzirwa kusvikira pakuguma 1958 uye akanga asina kugadziriswa, akaramba ari mubasa kwemakore anopfuura makumi matatu, kunyange ari ushori motokari zvave atoshandisa BRDM. Amphibians dzaiva mubasa pagadzirwe zambuko regiments uye ferrying kuenda neherikoputa battalions kwete chete muna Soviet Union, asiwo munyika yacho Warsaw chibvumirano. Hazvizivikanwi motokari vangani mudambudziko nhasi, asi ivo vari, varidzi zvakanaka hanya pfuurirai hove kana kuvhima uye ndiwo nyaya pamutemo kuzvikudza, kubatanidzwa anoratidza chaiyo michina.