Greek Theater. History of Theater

Nyika yakatipoteredza mukufananidzira vaGiriki vekare - ndiwo mamiriro ezvinhu yemitambo, uye vanhu - vatambi vakabva kudenga kutamba basa, uye ipapo uende yokukanganwa. Pahwaro uchapupu ichi nezviratidzo cosmology akatanga Greek Theater, izvo zvakazara unoratidza chitendero vaGiriki. kokutanga mabasa vaiva vechitendero zvikuru zvakasikwa, asi zvishoma nezvishoma mutambo kwava pedyo noupenyu chaicho vanhuwo zvavo.

kukurumbira

The chidzoke rechiGiriki yemitambo Rinobatanidzwa ane kanosvota dzechitendero Dionysus, mwari zvinomera, kukura waini, kugadzira waini. Kumifananidzo dzakavakwa pamusoro kwokurangana vakazvitsaurira kuna ichi zvomuchadenga munhu, uye vakanga azadzwa aitya pokunamata. Greek Theater, akazviratidza muna VI remakore BC uye pakarepo vakava rutivi upenyu vanhu veAteni. The kukurumbira anogona ichizotongwa ayo makuru andakanzwa kuvaka pachikomo chiri dzemitambo atiitirewo. kusvika 30.000 vaoni.

Dramatic vekupedzisira

Ancient Greek theatre akaita kuwedzerwa maererano vakasiyana zvesimba, kwave kune vakawanda troupes kuti vatambi vari kutamba kwete chete mutambo uye njodzi chokuita Dionysus. The tragedians zvikuru kare - Euripides, Aeschylus, Sophocles - akanyora Mitambo muupenyu Greek vanhu, izvo akabudirira zvikuru. Kunyanya vateereri vakazonzwa mutambo wenyika Aristophanes.

Nhoroondo yose yemitambo kweGirisi yekare ndicho zvinoreva mabasa. In njodzi kazhinji kwakaratidza rengano, umo vamwari akaita asingakundiki akaoma simba. kutamba magamba akarwa vagere kudenga, akafa, asi haana kukanda mapfumo pasi. Comedy, Ukuwo, vakanga kusetsa uye vaipfeka ostrosatiricheskoy hunhu. Vatambi Greek yemitambo Haana kuremekedza vanamwari, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange akasekwa navo. Heroes comedies vaive vanhu, nyanzvi dzokugadzira, vatengesi, vakuru, vashumiri, madzimai epamba.

Chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo zvesimba kazhinji musi panguva yacho Dhionisio Great. The waivako Pakarongwa pamusoro raundi pachikuva pasi dzemitambo, yainzi "orhestra". Pane dzichengeterwe vaimbi nekwaya vakanga kuenda chiito. Singers vakatamira mudenderedzwa, uye pakati pavo paiva mutambi kutamba basa. Pakutanga, vose mabasa ari kutamba takatumirwa chete muiti. Kuti zvimwe kumira kubva dzakapoteredza korasi, mutambi aipfeka shangu dzakakwirira papuratifomu - vanonzi buskins nekuvongwa izvo zvinova dzakakwirira nokuda 15 masendimita.

The nemamiriro kutamba

Nokukurumidza vomuAtene tragedian Aeschylus akatanga mutambi wechipiri, uye nokudaro kuti chiito zvikuru simba. On orhestre akazviratidza girl, gudzanzwi kuti vatevedzere nemheni, mhepo kuungudza uye mvura. Zvadaro tragedian awedzera mumwe mutambi. Zvisinei, mabasa akatowedzera vasingagoni kubata kunyange matatu vatambi navo. Takazoendeswa akatanga zvifukidziro, mumwe nomumwe achimiririra mumwe nzira. Nokuti kushandurwa rakanga zvakakwana kushandura chifukidzo, uye uende pachikuva mune achinyepera itsva.

Necheseri, shure orhestroy, raiva mumba chaiyo - Skene, apo vatambi vaiva usingaonekwi vateereri kushandura chifukidzo, chakarairwa nevhu mavara uye zvinoratidza zvimwe zvaanoita chiso chake pamusoro gamba rake kumunetsawo. The specificity of chifukidzo akanga rinowanzonzi apo kutarisa vateereri vake pakarepo vakanzwisisa kuti aida kuudza mutambi, uye chii manzwiro aiedza kutaura.

Masiki somunhu hwaro chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo unyanzvi

Zvikuru kukosha kwaiva chifukidzo ruvara: rima Hue akataura runyararo uye utano hwakanaka nezvounhu, chirwere kana chirwere hunotaurwa yero, tsvuku akataura namano, kushatirwa uye hasha akabvuma tsvuku chifukidzo. Masiki expressiveness aiva hwaro dzose kuita, pana pamwero uyu zvose chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo chiito. The mutambi vakanga chete kusimbisa pfungwa dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri uye muviri kufamba. Masiki Greek yemitambo vakaridza basa nomukurukuri uchiwedzera simba seari inzwi mutambi.

makwikwi

Greece kubva kare kwainzi nyika makwikwi. Not akapukunyuka tsika iyi uye mitambo. Mumazuva ari Dhionisio Great zvesimba zvose zvaiva pasi pamoto - adversarial. The dzemazororo dzakatangwa matatu matambudziko uye satirical Comedy dzidziso. Panoperera nomumwe kuita kuti vateereri kunotema akaisvonaka mutambi, yakanakisisa mashoko, uye zvichingodaro nokuda kwezviratidzo zvose zvave inozivikanwa unongotaura. Pazuva rokupedzisira zuva Great Dhionisio vakundi vakagamuchira mibayiro.

Fathers mutambo nguva - Eshil, Euripides Sofokl - vaikwikwidzana pachavo. Aeschylus, achiparidza zvetsika, tsika basa nokuda vakabvuma zvakaipa, kuonga nemabasa ake ( "Oresteia", "Prometheus", "The nevaPersia" uye vamwe.) Won ka13. Sophocles akanga azivikanwa yakanakisisa tragedian 24 nguva iyi yakabatsira zvifananidzo zvake nhamo "Electra," "Antigone," "Oedipus". The gotwe munyori wemitambo - Euripides - vakaedza kubata zvevapi vamazano vakura, vatambi vake - Medea, Phaedra - zvikuru mupfungwa.

Ancient mutambo wenyika Aristophanes anomiririrwa anotevera mabasa: "Wasps", "Riders", "Datya," "Lysistrata", "Rugare", "Clouds". Plots satirical zvidimbu resonated nevezvematongerwo ezvinhu Greece iyoyo. Zvichienzaniswa kune mutambo, kwakavakirwa ngano, Aristophanes Comedy kuratidza chokwadi.

Greek theatre, mamiriro ayo

Mujinga zvikomo uye rakavhurika denga. Greek Theater, ari dzekare nguva yakavakwa pamusoro zvinotevera neBhaibheri: munhu akapindira dzemitambo ari muchimiro truncated denderedzwa unokura kubva raundi nzvimbo chinosiririsa. Kana pfungwa rambai raiiswa design, iwe uende namahwindo chimiro zvinosanganisira dzose concentric yeChina. Mumwe denderedzwa rinoumbwa nehasha akavezwa zvinogumbura. ine ibwe pamusoro, uye ayo contours zvokuti zvakanaka yakagadzirwa kuti majoini anenge asingaoneki. For tiers Greek dzemitambo muAtene inokosha titanic basa mazana ezviuru varanda vaishanda nesimba masikati nousiku. 78 mitsara zvigaro rakakamurwa wandei achikanganisa serin'i zvikamu. Greek Theater, hazvo akanga Mutsara wokutanga vakafuratira nokuda VIPs, vapristi, navabati uye vakokwa rukudzo. Oga, pane ibwe chokuyananisa openwork kuvesa, nzvimbo iri mupristi Dionysus.

Round playground, yemitambo chikuva, vanonzi orhestra, akaparadzaniswa nevanhu yakaderera fence yemitambo. ndiyo aritari, aritari Dionysus, nhanho dzake panguva zvesimba vaimbi akagara yayo pakati. Kubva kunze nyika inopfuura orhestra kwakabatana - Parodi. Nzvimbo iri kugara vachiwana norukangarabwe yakanaka kana jecha. Gare gare rwakagadzirira namabwe zvinogumbura.

Shure orhestry aiva proskeny - chikuva kuti muunganidzwa vatambi pamberi unongotaura. Uye shure kwake Raiva Skene kana, mumutauro ano, kupfeka mumba, apo vatambi vakanonga Masiki dzavo uye akagadzirira kupinda orhestru. Kurutivi rumwe norumwe skene rakanga mapapiro duku mbiri, apo yaichengetwa zvokushandisa nezvifukidziro. Zvivako izvi zvainzi "paraskenii".

Kukurukurirana pamberi chokuratidza

The kare wechiGiriki Theater akacherekedza akasimba tsika. Vateereri aienda zvakanaka pamberi kutanga kuita, vanhu vakaenda mumwe mutsetse refu parodies akagara pazvigaro chinhu. Early Kusvika ari pamwe kutsanangurwa nechido kutora nzvimbo iri nani. Uyezve, kwakasarudzwa pamberi mharidzo kutaura nevavakidzani, dzidza mashoko uye pfungwa dzavo. Ancient Greek yemitambo aiva rudzi muzinda wokukurukurirana vaigara muguta guru racho. Kazhinji, vanhu vakauya nemhuri yavo yose.

Modern Greek Theater

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 muAtene Theater akasikwa "Stage New" ane zita anotaura woga. The repertoire kuti "Nea Skins" mabasa echiGiriki dramatists nevanyori dzimwe nyika. kutamba Ibsen kuti "The Wild Duck", "Freeloader" Turgenev, "Chakavanzika Countess Valerie" Ksenopulosa nevamwe vakawanda kuridzwa uye vanobatanidzwa mune repertoire.

Muvambi K. Hristomanos troupe akaedza uvhure Ensemble vachikanda azvino chizvarwa pasina nezvouchapupu zvetsika rekare rechiGiriki yemitambo Masiki pamwe kwakajairika magamba uye mabasa kwete yakajeka. Kazhinji, akazviita, asi zvakadaro vamwe nuances kare flits mu nezvinobvamo. Vamwe nhoroondo haana kuita pasina mutambi wacho nechando okuti chiso chakatodzana masiki. Dzimwe nguva chiso chedu havabvumirwi kutaura manzwiro akafanana ichi aigona masiki. Saka munhu kuwirirana emakore.

kurega kunotanga

Munguva kubva 1910 kusvika 1920 wechiGiriki yemitambo ikawira mugomba kuderera. It zvakakanganisa kutorarama mamiriro ezvinhu ari muvanhu nokuda First World War mukuru upfumi kurega kunotanga. Vanhu havana kuita circuses. Anenge zvose dzemitambo vakatamira pamusoro commercial hwaro, uye kuti zvairevei mumwe overhaul yakazara repertoire, iyo yokutsiva of zimbabwe mabasa Chiber bulvarschinoy. Kuchinja zvakanga chisingadzivisiki, sezvo horo vakatanga kuuya rollicking unhu uyo aida kuona pachikuva hafu-kusimira actresses, uye vose vakanga vasingafariri. All kuedza ndiponesezve pamusoro Danho chaiwo mutambo kubudikidza Sophocles uye Aeschylus yakaguma kukundikana. Chinhu chakasiyana nguva, uye ano yemitambo kutora nzvimbo yavo.