Nyaya uye nzira yemutemo wemhuri. Pfungwa yemutemo wemhuri

Nhasi, kuronga hukama pakati pemhuri, pamwe chete nehupfumi nehusiri hwehupfumi hwehupenyu hwemunhu pakati pevagari vakaroorana kana vehama dzepedyo, mutemo wemhuri unoshandiswa, nyaya uye nzira yepamutemo yepamutemo iyo inokurukurwa zvakadzama munyaya ino. Mukuwedzera, chimiro chakajeka chinopiwa kune zvimwe zvinhu: zvinhu, mazano, zvinyorwa zvemutemo wemhuri, zvichingodaro.

Icho chirevo chemutemo wemhuri

Ichi chikamu chakasiyana nemutemo wehurumende, mitemo iyo inonyatsogadzirisa ukama hwemhuri kana hukama hwepanyika uye husina hupfumi hwomunhu huri pakati pevagari varo vakaroorana kana vari hama dzepedyo. Zvichave zvakakoshawo kusimbisa kubvumirwa, kuchengetedzwa uye kuchengetedzwa kwevana vaduku, pamwe nekugamuchirwa kwevana mumhuri nechinangwa chekudzidzisa nekuvapa nemamiriro ezvinhu ose ehupenyu hwakanaka uye kubudirira. Nokudaro, pfungwa, nyaya uye nzira yemitemo yemhuri inofunga nezvekugadzirisa kwemabasa anotevera: kunyatsodzivirirwa kwechirongwa chemhuri, pamwe nekuva amai, kuberekwa uye, hongu, huduku.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti mumasangano emhuri, kuwedzera kune ukama husina uhu, hunosanganisira rudo, kuroorana, kuvimba, kuremekedzwa, rudo, nevamwewo muhuwandu hwezvinyorwa, kunewo hunoenderana nemagariro ekushanda kwezvinhu zvakatengeswa neimba. Semuenzaniso, vechidiki vakaroorana vane zvinhu zvakajairika, basa rekupa mhuri uye, kunyanya, vana vavo. Zvidzidzo zvinobatsira zvakaratidza kuti kusawirirana muhukama hweusati humbo hwemhando hunoita kuipa kwehukama hwehupfumi.

Nyaya uye nzira yemutemo wemhuri

Iyo yakaoma yehukama hwakarongwa pamusoro apa inoumba nyaya yenyaya inofungidzirwa yebazi, inonzi inofanirwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvikamu zvinotevera:

• Mhedziso, pamwe nekuguma kwechato.
• Kodzero dzinokosha, pamwe chete nemabasa eumwe neumwe wevakaroorana.
• Kodzero dzinokosha, uyewo mabasa evana nevabereki.
• Zvikwereti zveimwe yemapato ekubhadhara alimony.
• Mafomu ekudzidzira, zvakakosha kune vana vakasara pasina vabereki.
• Kufunga kwomuchato sechinhu chinonyengera.
• Kuzvidzivirira kwekodzero kumhuri (amai).
• Kushandiswa kwemutemo weRussia maererano nemhuri ine kubatanidzwa kwevatorwa venyika dzenyika kana vanhu vasingagumi.

Maitiro ezvinyorwa zvemutemo wemhuri, nzira yekugadzirisa ukama hwemhuri yakaoma kunzwisisa iyo inosanganisira nzira iyo mitemo yepamutemo inogona kukanganisa mhuri dzevanhu. Iko kubvumira-kunobatsira, izvo zvinoreva kuenzana kwakakwana kwemasangano mumitemo yepamutemo, kuzvimirira maererano nechishuvo chevatori vechikamu muhukama hwepamutemo, kusimbisa hutsika hwakanaka hwemitemo yepamutemo, pamwe nehutungamiri hwemamiriro ezvinhu.

Mhuri yemutemo

Sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, mutemo wemhuri (nyaya, nzira, zvinyorwa zvinorondedzerwa munyaya yacho) zvinoreva nzira yehupenyu hwepachivande inofananidzwa nehutsika hwemitemo inodzora kuwirirana kwechirongwa chevanhu chinoumba chinhu chechikamu. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti hurongwa hwacho hwakarongeka, hunoita kuti rutivi rwacho ruve zvikamu zviviri: huru uye yakakosha. Chikamu chekutanga chine zvinyorwa zvitsva (mazwi makuru, kodzero nemabasa, zviyero zvebasa, mazano ekushanda). Iyi mitemo ine chinangwa chairo, uye naizvozvo inoshanda kune ese masangano echikamu chinokosha. Izvi zvinofanirawo kusanganisira mabasa emakambani, pamwe chete nemitemo yayo.

Chikamu chakakosha chiri mumitemo yaro yakagadzirisa mitemo yakafanana yekushamwaridzana kwevanhu, kubatana mune zvivako. Nokudaro, zvinonzwisisika kusava nemhando yekodzero yemabasa uye mabasa evakaroorana, kuroorana, chibvumirano chowanano, maitiro ekurerwa kwevana, uye zvekudya zvinoshandiswa uye zvikonzero zvekushandisa mutemo wehurumende kune hukama hwemhuri.

Zvinonyanya Kuita Mitemo yeMhuri

Nheyo uye nzira yemutemo wemhuri inofungidzira kushandiswa kwemitemo yakakodzera, iyo inotsanangurwa nemigumisiro yehutano hwehukama hwemhuri. Saka, zvakakosha kugovera zvinhu zvinotevera zvinowanikwa mubazi rinofungidzirwa:

• Pfungwa yekucherechedza imba chete, yakapedzerwa mumitumbi yehofisi yekunyora. Saka, michato, yakaumbwa pamusana pechitendero kana chinangwa chechechi, inonzi yakashata.
• Pfungwa yekuzvipira, inosanganisira kusikwa kwemhuri kuburikidza nekubvumirana kwemapoka. Kusarudzwa kwomuchato kunoitwa maererano nemafungiro emunhu mumwe nomumwe.
• Nheyo yekugadzirisa kukakavadzana kupi neipi mukati memhuri kuburikidza nekuedza kwekubatana, izvo zvinoda kuti nguva isati yasvika yehutano hwemhuri, iyo iyo huru ndiyo inangwa uye zviitiko zvekushandisa bhajeti, uyewo nzira dzokurera vana.
• Nheyo yekuenzana kwemapato, zvinoreva kuti vakaroorana vane kodzero dzakasiyana.
• Nheyo yekutanga kune yekudzidzisa vana, nekuda kwekugamuchirwa muMhuri Code yekodzero yemwana yekukura mumhuri.
• Nheyo, iyo inonyanya kukosha yemhuri yemhuri isingagoni kuita basa.
• Nheyo yekuenzanidza kodzero dzevanhu, kusabatanidzi kubvuma kwekodzero pamamiriro ekuroorana, basa, makore uye mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu.

Sources Family Law

Iyo pfungwa, nyaya, nzira, mitemo yemutemo wemhuri inoumbwa maererano neshoko rakakosha rakagadzirirwa mune zvinyorwa zvakakodzera. Iyi mitemo yepamutemo yakagadzirirwa kuronga hukama hwehukama hunobva pakusikwa kwemhuri kana mamwe mamiriro akataurwa pamusoro apa. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti zvinyorwa zvinowanikwa mumapoka akawanda, ayo anewo maitiro. Zvinenge zvakanakira kufunga nezvemashoko makuru emutemo wemhuri mune muenzaniso weRussia. Izvi ndezvi:

• Mutemo weRussian Federation.
• The Family Code yeRussian Federation.
• The Civil Code yeRussian Federation.
• The Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation;
• Code Labour of the Russian Federation.
• Code Housing yeRussia Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
• The Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
• The Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation.
• Mitemo yemamiriro ehurumende yeRussian Federation.
• Zviito zvisinganzwisisiki zvemukati.
• Zvisungo nemirairo yaMutungamiri weRussian Federation.
• Zvisungo nemirairo yeHurumende yeRussian Federation.
• Mirairo, mirayiridzo yehurumende, makomiti nedzimwe dhipatimendi.
• Zvibvumirano zvenyika yose.

Mitemo inowanikwa mumutemo wemhuri

Nyaya uye nzira yemutemo wemhuri inoumbwa, sezvakataurwa, kushandisa zvinyorwa, uye naizvozvo, mitemo yemutemo wemhuri, iyo, zvechokwadi, inonyanya kukanganisa ukama mukati memhuri. Iyi mitemo iri mumabasa ekutonga, iyo iyo Family Code ine basa rinokosha. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti ivo, kutanga, zvose zvinotarisirwa kusimbisa sangano remhuri. Saka, nekuda kwemitemo yepamutemo, hukama hunoumbwa hunosiya kukanganisa kodzero uye rusununguko rwemunhu. Uyezve, kushanda kwakakwana kwemhuri kwakanyatsogadziriswa, pamwe chete nekuchengetedzwa kwezvido zvemumwe wese nhengo dzayo. Mitemo yepamutemo inoshumira sevanonyanya kubatsira vagari venyika musingashandisi kushandisa kodzero dzebumbiro remitemo uye kudzivirira kupindirana kwevasingazivi mumhuri dzemhuri, iyo inobvumira kuti sangano risati riri roga kuti riite zvakanaka, asi rinobudirira. Mukuwedzera, kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwemitemo chaiyo, kuberekwa nehuduku, vanhu vakaremara uye vana vanochengetwa vanotsigirwa, sezvo rubatsiro rwemagariro evanhu rwunozivikanwa kuburikidza nekugamuchirwa kwemimwe mitemo.

Mitemo muMutemo weMhuri

Nyaya, nzira, mitemo yemutemo wemhuri inoshandiswa chete maererano nemamwe mazwi. Vanofanira kuita neboka rinopedzisira uye risina kugadziriswa nenguva. Kunyange zvakadaro, zviitiko zvinozivikanwa apo kuguma, kuumbwa kana kugadziriswa kwekodzero nemitoro kunobva pane nguva yakatarwa nguva inotaurwa mberi. Nezwi rinoreva nguva chaiyo yenguva, kubuda kana kukanganisa kune iyo inotaura pamusoro pemimwe migumisiro. Icho chikonzero chepamutemo bedzi nokuti chinokanganisa zvakakwana kuitika kwemigumisiro maererano nemitemo yepamutemo. Izvi zvinoreva kune vanozvimiririra pane zvinodiwa nevanhu (nokuti nguva hainawo zvekuita nehuchida chomunhu wacho). Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti chimwe chekusiyana pakati pemutemo wehurumende uye mutemo wehurumende ndekuregererwa kwechirongwa chenguva, uye izvi pasinei nokuti mapazi maviri aya akaenzana zvakaenzana nemutemo wepamutemo.

Mitemo mumutemo wemhuri ine yavo pachavo. Saka, zvakajairika ndezvokuti zvinotarisirwa kana kuti izvo panguva iyo kune humwe kodzero inokwanisika, somuenzaniso, kodzero yekugamuchira rubatsiro rwevana pamberi pevanhu vakuru. Muhurongwa huri pasi pekufungisisa, kune chinhu chakadai sokuongororwa kwenguva, apo kunyoresa kwekuroorana kunofanirwa kunongororwa chete mwedzi mushure mokunge chikumbiro chacho chaiswa kuhofisi yekunyora.

Kuziva kwekodzero dzemhuri

Kana tikagumisa pane imwe chete takagadzirisa pfungwa, nyaya uye nzira yemitemo yemhuri, tinogona kuona mazano makuru ekushandiswa kwekodzero dzinotungamirirwa muMhuri Code. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti mutemo wese ane kodzero yekusarudza nzira yekurasa zvinhu zvinotenderwa. Somuenzaniso, vabereki vakaremara avo, zvechokwadi, vanoda rubatsiro, vanogona kugamuchira kana kuramba urongwa hwevana vavo vakuru. Zvechokwadi, chisarudzo chinowanzotarisa kuva chisina kunaka, nokuti vana vane rudo vachaita nenzira imwechete kana imwe rutivi vachitsigira zvakakwana baba vavo vakaremara naamai. Mumhuri Family Code yakagadzirirwa kuti kodzero dzinotarisirwa kudzivirirwa nemutemo. Kusiyana ndeye iyo inopesana nekusarudzwa kwavo zvakananga. Asi kodzero dzakakodzera pakugadzwa kwadzo dzinowanikwa nechinangwa chekusimbisa mhuri, kuve nekusimudzirwa kwakanaka kwevana, zvichigadzira mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka ekugadziriswa kwakakwana kwenhengo imwe neimwe yechirongwa ichi, nezvimwe zvakadaro.

Kudzivirirwa kwekodzero dzemhuri

Nyaya inokurukurwa pamusoro apa, nzira yekuraira mitemo yemhuri inopesana zvizere nhanho dzinotorwa nemasangano enyika kuti dzidzivirire kodzero dzemunhu wese wemhuri, izvo zvinogona kuitika mukutonga uye kutonga. Nzira yekupedzisira ndiyo inonyanya kushandisa nzira yekudzivirirwa, nokuti chete nedare rekutonga nderokunyatsokwana kana kuvharirwa kwekodzero yekuberekwa (kuberekwa), kubviswa kwekugashira, kuparara kwechato (kana chiitiko icho mhuri ine mwana asati asvika panguva yevakawanda) kana kuiswa kwekusakwanisa kwayo, Kuunganidzwa kwezvokudya zvine utano kuvana (kubva kune mumwe wevakaroorana munyaya yekurambana), mudzimai anoshayiwa asingakwanisi kushanda, kana kune dzimwe nhengo dzemhuri. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kugadziriswa kweanmony kwakakodzera chete kana chiitiko chekuregererwa kwesungano pakati pemapato. Dare dzinoita kuchengetedzwa kwepamutemo kwemhuri dzinosanganisira madare edzimhosva-hutongi hwevanhu vedunhu (kana kuti matare eguta). Mukuwedzera, mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu angafungidzirwa nevatongi, asi izvi hazvirevi nyaya dzekuoma kana kusimbisa hutano, kuregererwa kodzero dzevabereki kana kubvumirwa kwemwana.

International Family Law

Kuoma kwemaitiro ekugumisa michato nevatorwa uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwehupenyu, hunoitika munguva dzemazuva ano, hunotaura zvakakwana kushanda kwekushandisa kwete chete mitemo yemitemo yemumba, asiwo maitiro eimwe nyika yekunze. Nokudaro, mutemo wemhuri dzemunyika yose (iyo nyaya uye nzira yemutemo wemhuri inongororwa zvishoma pamusoro) inosanganisira nzvimbo dzinoverengeka:

• Kunyora kwekuroorana pakati pevarusi veRussia vachigara mune imwe nyika.
• Kunyoresa kuroorana nemunhu weimwe nyika.
• Kuunganidzwa kweanmony kubva kune vagari vedzimwe nyika.
• Kuzivikanwa kwekusava.
• Kurambana pamusoro pomumwe mutorwa uye mutorwa weRussian Federation.
• Zvinetso zvine chokuita neimba, kana uchiroorwa nemumwe mutorwa nezvimwe zvakadaro.

Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti vagari veRussia vanogara kune dzimwe nyika vane kodzero yekuisa mazano kune vehurumende nevezvematongerwo enyika pamhedziso chero ipi zvayo ine chokuita neukaro hwemarudzi ari mubvunzo.

Zviratidzo zvemutemo wemhuri dzemunyika yose

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti nyaya uye nzira yemutemo wemhuri maererano nekubatana kwenyika dzakawanda kunotarisa zvakasiyana. Saka, kana vakaroorana vachigara kunze kweRussia, asi mumwe chete wavo ndewokune dzimwe nyika, kurambana kunobvira kunyange muRussia. Muchiitiko ichi, kushandiswa kwemutemo wemhuri yeRussia uye zvakakosha zvayo zvichave zvakakodzera. Asi kubvuma kwekuti kurambana nedare reRussian Federation kune imwe nyika inofungidzirwa maererano nemitemo yemunharaunda, uyewo pamusoro pezvibvumirano zvenyika dzakawanda. Mukuwedzera, Family Code yeRussia inopa urongwa hwekugumira kwekuroorana kwakadaro kunze kweRussia yakaratidza kuti inobatanidzwa mukuzara zvakakwana nemitemo yekunze, uye kodzero dzevakaroorana haisati yasimbiswa. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti munhu uyo achangobva kupedza imba kune imwe nyika anogona kuroorwa asingakundiki kana kuroora munharaunda yeRussian Federation.

Matambudziko emazuva ano emutemo wemhuri

Sezvazvakaitika, nyaya yacho, nzira, hurongwa hwemhuri yemhuri yakawanda kwazvo uye inoshamisa. Ichokwadi ndechokuti chikamu ichi chinogona kutaridzirwa kwete sesayenzi chete, asiwo sebazi remitemo. Kunyange zvakadaro, hukuru hunobatanidza ndezvinangwa zvakafanana zvinofanira kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekushanda kwavo. Iyi ndiyo kudzivirirwa kwekodzero dzemunhu wese wemhuri, mutemo wehukama hwemhuri, kudzivirirwa kwekodzero dzemwana uye kukwana kwakakwana pakati pezvido zvemunhu oga, mhuri uye sangano rose. Dambudziko nderokuti zvinangwa zvinotsanangurwa mutemo wemhuri chete seye sayenzi, asi kwete nenzira yepamutemo. Nokudaro, zvingave zvakanyatsokurudzirwa kubvisa izvi. Mukuwedzera, panguva ino, kune chikonzero chinokosha chekusimbisa mitemo yemutemo wemhuri, nokuti pasina ruzivo rwakakodzera rwezvesayenzi, haingakwanisi kuita mabasa ayo. Mazuva ano, mutemo mukuru uye mutemo wemhuri uripo zvakasiyana kune umwe neumwe, asi kushamwaridzana kwavo kuchaita kuti zvive nemigumisiro yakabudirira uye kusimbisa kukuru kwechirongwa chemhuri.