"Hondo uye Rugare". Vanhu vaifunga kuti yokufungidzira L. N. Tolstogo. Heroes mifananidzo

NdiTolstoy akakwanisa kuratidza zvose zvoupenyu muRussia remakore rechi19 mu yakakura yake "Hondo uye Rugare". Vanhu vaifunga kuti yokufungidzira nokuvhenekerwa zvikuru yakajeka. Image vanhu vakawanda ndiyo imwe inokosha uye kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro. Uyezve, zviri munyika nemaitiro nyaya mufananidzo iri yokufungidzira. A National hunhu anogona kunzwisiswa kubva tsanangudzo muupenyu vanhu, maonero aaiita vanhu uye nyika, tsika zvakatongwa, dzisiri uye kufungira chete.

mufananidzo vanhu

NdiTolstoy zvaisanganisira yokuti "vanhu", kwete varwi chete uye vanhuwo zvavo, asi vo kwamachinda, iro rine zvakafanana maonero pakunamata uye runyararo. Yaiva pfungwa iyi munyori kwakavakirwa Epic "Hondo uye Rugare." Vanhu vaifunga kuti yokufungidzira saka mudzidziso nevanhu vose vakabatanidzwa mutauro, nhoroondo, tsika uye ndima.

Kubva panguva iyi maonero, NdiTolstoy chinhu innovator, nekuti pamberi pake mabhuku Russian kwagara kuzoitwa muganhu pachena pakati varombo asi kwamachinda. Kuenzanisira pfungwa yake, munyori akatendeukira nguva utsinye kwazvo yose Russia - the Patriotic Hondo 1812.

The kupikiswa chete - vachirwa zvakanakisisa varume kwamachinda, pamwe zvizvarwa zvemo vanhu, mauto uye bureaucratic yeChina, havagoni kuita zvakapembererwa, kana kuti zvibayiro nokuda Nyika Yababa kudzivirirwa.

Picture of upenyu nemasoja zvavo

Life Pictures marudzi munguva yorugare uye yehondo, vari zvakanaka kumiririrwa mu Epic kuti NdiTolstoy kuti "Hondo uye Rugare". Vanhu vaifunga iri yokufungidzira, Zvisinei, chinonyanya richiratidzwa zvakajeka pachayo panguva Second World War, apo vose vagere Russia aifanira kuratidza kutsiga, rupo uye uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika.

Pasinei neizvi, kunyange mavhoriyamu maviri yokufungidzira wokutanga pane kurondedzerwa zvavo zvatinoona. mufananidzo uyu nemasoja Russian, kana vaiitawo dzimwe mishandirapamwe, achiita chikwereti dzairwisa. For zvavo masoja akauya kubva kuvanhu, kufanana musango havanzwisisi - wadii kudzivirira nyika yavo?

Zvinotyisa mifananidzo vakasamukweva NdiTolstoy. Uto iri nzara, vakabatana, icho inotsigira, kwete kupa zvokudya. Asingakwanisi kuona kwokutambudzika masoja, mupurisa akasarudza torazve Denisov zvokudya kubva womumwe hondo, iro rine tigume ake basa. In chiito ichi pachena unhu vanhu Russian pakunamata.

"Hondo uye Rugare": pfungwa yakakurumbira munyika yokufungidzira

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, njodzi magamba NdiTolstoy pakati yakanakisisa vakuru nguva dzose nechokuita hwevanhu. Saka, kuti "pfungwa dzevanhu" kuburikidza zvose zvinobva dzvuku thread. Saka, Per Bezuhov, yakatorwa, kuziva chokwadi choupenyu unoratidza kwaari zvake murimi mudiki munhu. Uye kuti munhu mufaro chete kana hupenyu raro pamusoro. Nokuti mufaro unoda zvishoma.

On munda Austerlitz Andrey Bolkonsky anonzwa chokuita wake vanhu. Iye anobata ari flagstaff, kwete kutarisira kuti vachapinda vachimutevera. Asi masoja, achiona mureza mutakuri kunorwa. Kubatana zvavo masoja uye vatariri vehondo anopa zvisati simba.

House iri yokufungidzira "Hondo uye Rugare" riri rinokosha. Asi hazvisi pamusoro chanaka nefenicha. The mufananidzo weimba rinosanganisa mhuri tsika. Uyezve, imba yose Russia, vose vanhu - imwe mhuri huru. Ndokusaka Natasha Rostova resets kupa zvinhu zvavo uye kuvapa kuti vakakuvadzwa.

Zviri kubatana ichi NdiTolstoy anoona simba vanhu vechokwadi. Simba kuti akakwanisa kukunda mune 1812 hondo.

Zvifananidzo zvavo vanhu

Kunyange pamusoro mapeji yokufungidzira munyori wokutanga pave mifananidzo nemasoja nomumwe. Izvi kurongeka Lavrushka Denisov vake roguish nehasha uye fara Sidorov, hilariously mimics French, naRazaro, uyo akagamuchira Order of Napoleon pachake.

Zvisinei, imba iri yokufungidzira "Hondo uye Rugare" chinhu chaikosha, saka vazhinji magamba vanhuwo zvavo zvinogona kuonekwa yorunyararo rondedzero. Izvi zvinomutsa mumwe dambudziko rakakura remakore rechi19 - zvinorema serfdom. NdiTolstoy anomudoma sezvo yekare Prince Bolkonsky, akatsunga kuranga Firipi barman, uyo vakakanganwa arayire muridzi, akaupa nemasoja. Kuedza kuti upenyu nyore Pierre serfs vakasvika pasina, sezvo maneja akanyepera girafu.

vanhu vanoshanda

Vakawanda maitiro matambudziko okugadzira zvinhu NdiTolstoy anomutsa paakaita "Hondo uye Rugare". Subject basa sechinhu chikuru munyori hapana anosara. Basa iri zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe hwevanhu. Uyezve, NdiTolstoy anorishandisa kutsanangura vatambi, sezvo rinokoshesa zvikuru ichi. Nungo kunzwisisa munyori anotaura tsika simba, seasingakoshi uye kukodzera murume.

Asi basa - ichi hachisi basa, ndiko kunomufadza. Saka, whipper Daniel, kuita pakuvhima, vakapiwa nyaya kusvika pakuguma, zvinoratidza imwe nyanzvi chaiyo, uye mune Achiviruka chido, kunyange achikupopotera panguva Count Rostov.

Old valet Tikhon pamberi akabatanidza naye nzvimbo unonzwisisa pasina mashoko tenzi wake. A pachivanze Anisa touted NdiTolstoy kuti kuchengetedza, playfulness uye mufaro. Nokuti imba yake vanatenzi havasi mutorwa uye utsinye nzvimbo, uye vadiwa. Mukadzi norudo nezvebasa rake.

Vanhu Russian uye hondo

Asi upenyu hwakadzikama riri pamusoro uye hondo yakatanga. Kuchinjwa yose mifananidzo iri yokufungidzira "Hondo uye Rugare". vatambi All, zvose pasi uye yakakwirira kirasi, chinayo chete pfungwa "womukati kupisa uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika". Kunzwa uku kunova National katsika vanhu Russian. Chakasimudzira vakamuita vanokwanisa kuzvipira. Ndicho chibayiro kuti vakasarudza mugumisiro hondo uye saka mwoyo varwi French.

Chimwe musiyano pakati eRussia kubva French - havanganditendi kutamba hondo. Nokuti vanhu Russian, izvozvo idambudziko guru, iro rinogona kuva chinhu chakanaka. Unknown masoja Russian kunakidzwa mufaro hondo kuuya kana hondo. Asi apo munhu wose akagadzirira kupa upenyu hwake. No woumbwende pano, masoja tagadzirira kufa, nokuti zvavo ibasa - kudzivirira kumusha. Unogona kukunda "neniwo urombo" mumwe chete ndiye - kuti akaratidza vanhu vakafunga Andrey Bolkonsky.

Murimi mudiki manzwiro ari yakakura

Kuboora uye rakajeka ruzha iri yokufungidzira "Hondo uye Rugare" dingindira vanhu. Saka NdiTolstoy haasi kuedza idealize vanhu. Munyori Unoratidza nhoroondo inoratidza spontaneity uye kusawirirana pakati murimi mudiki moods. Muenzaniso wakanaka ichi - bogucharovsky yokupanduka, kana vanhuwo zvavo; kuverenga French fliers, akaramba kusunungura munda Princess Mary. Varume vanokwanisa chete makaro kuti vepamusorosoro akafanana Boris Drubetskoy kana Berg, vanoda kuti kubudikidza hondo pamisara. The French akavimbisa mari, uye ikozvino havana pavo vakateerera. Zvisinei, apo Nikolai Rostov kuti varege eChechi uye kubatanidza vaikurudzira, kuti vanhuwo zvavo zvokungoti hapana zvokuzviita akazadzisa mirairo yake.

Ukuwo, kana French akatanga mberi, vanhu vakasiya misha yavo, kuparadza akawana pfuma, kuti hakuna akawana vavengi.

Simba People

Asi fukura hwakanakisisa acho paakaita "Hondo uye Rugare". Musimboti basa sezvo nguva iri rinoratidza simba vanhu Russian wechokwadi.

In kutamburira pamwe French, Russian pasinei kuti takakwanisa kuramba tsika nounhu. NdiTolstoy akaziva ukuru rudzi hakusi kuti zvinogona nezvombo kukunda marudzi akapoteredza, asi chokwadi kuti rudzi urwu , kunyange munguva naizhestochayshie anogona kuchengeta kururamisira, vanhu uye mafungiro nyasha kurutivi muvengi. Muenzaniso uyu ndiwo pechiitiko rechiFrench kununura mukuru Ramballe.

Tikhon Shcherbaty Plato Karataev

Kana iwe kuongorora yokufungidzira "Hondo uye Rugare" nokuda chitsauko, zviri chokwadi kuti atambudzwe izvi zviviri vatambi. Hobvu, pakusanganisirawo muchivigiro nyaya, aida kuratidza dyidzana uye panguva imwecheteyo divi wokuRussia National hunhu. Ngatienzanisei vatambi izvi:

Plato Karataev - imhuka yakanyarara uye uchinakidzwa musoja aigara nounyoro kuteerera muupenyu.

Tikhon Shcherbaty - vakachenjera, kusarudza, kushinga uye nesimba murimi mudiki uyo asina kugamuchira njodzi uye huchatungamirira vanoipikisa. Akaenda kuhondo uye akava nomukurumbira nokuti chokwadi kuti yakauraya vazhinji French.

Mabhii aya mudzidziso mativi maviri wokuRussia hunhu: kuzvininipisa, mwoyo murefu kune rumwe rutivi, uye irrepressible chido kundorwa - kunorumwe.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvakajeka zvikuru zvisinei akaratidza scherbatovskoe pakutanga yokufungidzira,, uye karataevskaya uchenjeri uye mwoyo murefu haana kusiya shure.

zvakawanikwa

Saka, vanhu Nde mutambi mu "Hondo uye Rugare". Maererano muuzivi NdiTolstoy, mumwe munhu anogona kuchinja nhoroondo, asi nesimba uye chido vanhu vanokwanisa nawo. Naizvozvo, Napoleon akasarudza reshape nyika, akarasikirwa simba rudzi rwose.