How kuti ezvinhu urongwa

Paivakwa chero nzvimbo hombe chirimwa kune dukuduku bindu rakadeurwa, tiri nemi hazvo kuva ezvinhu urongwa. Chii uye ndinogona kupi kuronga, somuenzaniso, Suburban nzvimbo? Uye unogona kuita pachako?

Situation urongwa - a topographical urongwa mufanidzo rokuronga, umo vakaronga kuvaka, kwakaitwa pamwero 1: 1000, 1: 1500 kana 1: 2000. Muna nhamba anofanira kureva zvose zviripo zvine (building, mugwagwa, nzira netambo uye mapaipi, hova, nenzizi nehova, contours zviri pedyo nzvimbo). With pakuvaka chinhu okuvaka installation Muvaki mamiriro ezvinhu urongwa kunosanganisira tichisunga wayo kugadzirwa chawo chiri pedyo hwevanhu nzvimbo uye kukurukurirana (yemagetsi uye gasi network, zvivako uye network mvura uye tsvina). Uyezve, kuswedera anofanira zvine huru dzinongoitika zviri kuvakwa.
Zvinoumba imwe nzvimbo anotsanangura mezvirongwa, asi kana pasina chakajairika chirongwa - kwakavakirwa Data nomunhu zvirongwa kuvaka nzvimbo pedyo, uyewo zvinhu engineering kuongorora.

Geodetic kuongorora mabhuku sezvo kunzwisisa pamutemo mabasa ari kuongorora nzvimbo (munda chipimo) uye dhesiki (kubudiswa vakagamuchira mashoko uye nokuurayiwa zvabuda). Paanotarisa kunodiwa pakugadzirira kwete chete zvinhu, asi topographic uye cadastral zvirongwa. Kukudziridza ezvinhu urongwa geodesic rokuyamura kupfura haina mabasa, kunyorwa chete zvivakwa, migwagwa nezvimwewo varipo.

Kuita pasina gwaro iri uye muridzi wenyika kana munda rangano, nemimba neurongwa kwayo, uye zvakatonyanya kudaro - kuvakwa kweimba. Achishaya kuti vashongedze pebindu, kutange nzvimbo urongwa. Kana zvakadaro gwaro asipo, pakati vamwe, pamwe kutenga yacho, zviri nyore kuti pachako. Tora Pepa A4 bepa (nzvimbo jira) kana A3 (kaviri) - kana mugove guru. Kubudisa zviri zvakanaka kuita chikero 1: 200. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvose sendimita ari papepa anoenderana mamita maviri pavhu. Normal zano kukura 10 kusvika 20, ar chikero zvakanaka yakaiswa Album mapeji. Kana zvikuru duku mugove hukuru anogona kutora pakafunuka 1: 100 (imwe sendimita papepa - imwe mita mumunda). Kwenguva huru nzvimbo vanoda A3 jira kana kunyange A2.

Situation hurongwa nzvimbo inofanira ane zvose kuMudzidzisi mufananidzo zvinhu - huripo (kusanganisira kukwana) zvivako, miganhu pedyo nzvimbo, matsime, migwagwa, nzvimbo zvinhu. Daro pakati pavo inogona pakutsvaga 20-mita guru Roulette. Chokutanga, zvakanakisisa kuti gadzira nzvimbo iri diki pepa kuyera madaro pakati zvinhu, zvino kuita scaled yakarurama urongwa. Nyore kushandisa girafu mapepa.

Situation hurongwa kunosanganisira wehunyambiri pakukwirira chiratidzo (zvichida vari kuswedera pamusoro huripo yacho), uyewo rairatidza chinongedzo uye mhepo akasimuka. Pasina nekambasi pfungwa chinongedzo yokusarudza hazvina kuoma - parutivi apo pane zuva kubva masikati kusvika maawa 14, uye achava rwezasi. Zvakashandurwa, ukuwo - hwokuchamhembe. Party Chiedza nguva dzose kureva urongwa muchimiro miseve, uye kuchamhembe akatarisa. Knowledge mufundisi nhungamiro uye richikunda mhepo zvichaita noungwaru sarudza nzvimbo kunyika tene- kana chiedza-rudo zvinomera, achiisa patsangadzi nokuda sunbathing uye shaded kugara nzvimbo, mumwe mudziyo "rusvingo nyoro" kuti wakwira zvinomera kudzivirira kuzorwa mhepo inotonhora. Wongorora nzvimbo dzakapoteredza, kusarudza zvinobetsera mhando nzvimbo uye funga kuti formalize yacho mbudo kubva kunharaunda kusvika pedyo wakajeka wemarudzi kana mune unyengeri musango. Kana nzvimbo yako akapoteredzwa chete muvakidzani kumba, panzira, ndipo zvakakosha funga kuti ndezverudzii uye kureba walling kupa nyaradzo uye zvakavanzika uye kudzivisa migumisiro "mubhegi ibwe".

Kana kukudziridza mapindu chirongwa ane yaivapo nzvimbo pamwe raivapo zvivako uye dzezvimwe, zvakakosha kwerubwinyo rwakagara rwuripo-kuona chero matambudziko uye simba pfungwa pamunda wako. Zvinokurudzirwa kutaurirana neshamwari uye vomumhuri, kufunga uye kunyora pasi mazano ose pamusoro kutarisirwa kuchinja marongerwo. The urongwa vanofanira kuva nechokwadi kuisa chinhambwe kubva nzvimbo pamuganhu (pedyo panhivi fenzi) kusvika pamadziro eimba (ndiko kuti, "kuisa imba pamusoro urongwa"), uyewo zvose "jasi zvakaoma" - mutsetse mumakwara, nheyo, chaiyo nohupamhi. Kana pane dzezvimwe guru (somuenzaniso, miti guru), mucherechedzo avo urongwa kuti vanokweva fungidziro muti korona. Zvakakodzera kuona kunzvimbo shaded uye nzvimbo kusarudzwa kuti pakudyara (sezvo tinoziva, muti midzi zvinowa- riri contours ari fungidziro pakati korona yake).

miriwo Large nani kutotaura arrays pamusoro omupumburu bepa muudzame kutevera purani.