IBM-bv. PC

IBM - huru repamutemo, nhasi kuna akagadzira uye hurukuro makombiyuta, software nezvimwe yepamusorosoro zvigadzirwa. Panguva kwayo munhoroondo-gore 100 kupfuura akaunzira kumusika zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvakawanda. Yakanga kuonga IBM makombiyuta aonekwa anenge musha ose.

kutanga

IBM wakauya panguva apo pachake kombiyuta yakanga kunyange zvakaoma kufungidzira. Muna 1896 rakavakwa Herman Hollerith. Zita kambani vakagamuchira TMC uye mubasa kugadzirwa chizvidavirire michina zvakatengeswa kuchitendero hurumende masangano.

Pakutanga munhau dzayo, kambani akapiwa guru murayiro kubva kuBazi Statistics, uye nokudaro pakarepo akatora chinokosha chinzvimbo mumusika. Zvisinei, vakatanga uye varidzi nokuda noutano akanga achiri kutengesa kambani inozivikanwa dzemari shasha Charles Flint. Shoroma akaripira kuti kambani imwe hombe Nemutengo mumazuva iwayo kuti 2.3 bln. Dollars.

The kwaita IBM

Awana kudzora TMC kambani, Charles Flint pakarepo akatanga kushamwaridzana wake nedzimwe yesangano Somuenzaniso, ITRC uye CSC. Zvinoguma kumumvuri yazvino "yebhuruu hofori" - dzesangano Ctr.

Akaumba kambani vakatanga kubudiswa-siyana zvokushandisa, zvakafanana nguva. Pakati zvinenge mafunurwa, kushanda nguva rokuzvidavirira hurongwa uye, Chikurukuru, punchi kadhi michina. It achangobva wakapata basa guru yezwi iri boka kuti kugadzirwa makombiyuta.

IBM muchiso kokutanga akazviratidza muna 1917 musika yeCanada. Ndiko kuti kambani asarudza kuratidza kuti zvava yemarudzi dzesangano. Pashure kubudirira zvakakwana zita mutsva US nokupesana 1924 akashandura zita raro kusvikira IBM.

Mashomanana akatevera, kambani aishingaira anoramba kuvandudza yayo ano, zvinhu itsva mhando punchi makadhi ane zita IBM Card. Uyewo, dzesangano zvakare ane kuwana hombe hurumende zvibvumirano unobvumira kuti tiite anongoda hapana rutapudzo kunyange panguva Depression.

IBM uye Hondo Yenyika II

IBM ave achishingaira collaborated pamwe yevaNazi hurumende muGermany. Muna 1933, pashure Hitler akatanga kutonga muGermany dzesangano kunyange vatanga fekitari vayo. Zvisinei, boka, kufanana nedzimwe yemakambani dzakawanda American, ndizvo chete kutengeswa michina uye haatori ichi muoti rutsigiro.

MuUnited States munguva yehondo, dzesangano kunyanya mubasa nerubatsiro pamberi hurumende hurongwa. Akatanga kugadzira pfuti scopes kuti kukanda mabhomba, nepfuti, mativi Motors nezvimwe zvinokosha zvinhu zvehondo. Musoro dzesangano ipapo akavamba aizviti purofiti kumucheto 1%, izvo akaenda kwete shareholders uye zvinodiwa rubatsiro mari.

Nguva makombiyuta

Wokutanga IBM-PC yakabudiswa muna 1941-1943 uye ainzi "Mark-I». Kusarudza muchina anoyevedza matani 4.5. Pashure achiedza kwayo yepamutemo kanda kwakaitika chete muna 1944, pashure kutamira Harvard University.

Kutaura zvazviri, "Mark-I» yave nani zvikuru achiwedzera muchina, asi kuburikidza kushandisa michina uye zvirongwa nezvaanogona, ndiye wokutanga emagetsi kombiyuta.

Akanyengetedza international dzesangano uye mukuru yokuvaka Howard Aiken aiva yezvinongoerekana. IBM-bv vakaramba kuva pasina iye. Somugumisiro, muna 1952 boka rakabudisa wokutanga Vacuum chubhu makombiyuta.

Zuva 1950 yokutanga IBM-PC anotsanangura transistors zvakasikwa. Pamusana kuvandudza ichi kunogona kuvandudza rakavimbika makombiyuta nokusika ravo maererano wokutanga kudzivirira chombo Kurwisa hurongwa. Panguva iyoyowo, pane wokutanga kugadzirwa IBM kombiyuta ine rakaoma disk. Zvisinei, nemotokari inoratidzwa kuti mutungamiri Soviet muna 1958, iye akabata kabati huru mbiri uye chaiva 5 MB. IBM akaratidza mutengo nokuti zvakare nani guru. The kumumvuri of zvakaoma ngarurege wokutanga Takauyira vanenge 50 zviuru US madhora mitengo yezuva. Asi ichi kwaingova kutanga.

chitarisiko IBM System First

Muna 1964, idzva IBM-makombiyuta akaratidzwa. Vakaita achinja yekudyidzana uye anogadza zvinodiwa kwemakore anouya. Mhuri akagamuchira IBM System / 360 zita. Yaiva motokari yokutanga, iyo aibvumirwa zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera kubudiswa simba nokuchinja muenzaniso uye hazvichinji software. Zviri mainframes izvi kekutanga vakatanga kuiswa microcode michina.

By IBM makombiyuta vakagamuchira inobudirira chaizvo mapurani, razova of facto mureza kwemakore akawanda. Uye nhasi, dzinotevedzana System Z, inova inonzwisisika kuenderera System / 360 mutsetse unoshandiswa zvikuru kushingaira.

Wokutanga PC

The IBM pachake makombiyuta hadzina sechinhu pamusika zvinovimbisa. Zvisinei, muna 1976 nayo vakasuma yokutanga pakombiyuta kombiyuta dzakatevedzana IBM 5100. Yakanga yakagadzirirwa yakawanda mainjiniya uye haingatikwaniri muhofisi basa kana munhu kushandiswa.

The Vanobudisa pachake kombiyuta yekutanga, "yebhuruu hofori" dzaitaurwa chete muna 1981. Kutaura zvazviri, kambani harina chaizvoizvo kutarisira kubudirira kwayo. Ndosaka vakawanda yenhengo dzayo akatengwa kubva mamwe makambani. The kombiyuta mutsva waibatanidzwa 5150 mhuri IBM PC uye akawana zita.

Zvinobatsira IBM PC

The processor mutsva kubva Intel kwakaita achibvunzwa uye ano uchishandisa gadziriro, chakabayirwa kwazvo muduku kambani yakavambwa Bill Gates.

Chinhu chinokosha kuti vakauya zvinobatsira PC vakava rakavhurika mapurani. The Corporation kokutanga akasiya refu nheyo uye havana rinoshandisirwa rezinesi Hardware kana Bios. Izvi akabvumira zvakasiyana rechitatu-party kwakavakirwa rakabudiswa nokurondedzerwa nokukurumidza kumisa ungano "miitiro inoburitsa zvinhu zvakanyatsofanana".

Open akitekicha anopa mamwe makomborero akadai kukwanisa kuzvidzora-kugadzira uye mazuvaano makombiyuta. Mune ramangwana, izvozvo akapa kukura pachavo makombiyuta.

Zvisinei, IBM pacharo akapotsa haana kuwana kumusika kumba makombiyuta. Chepakutanga IBM PC aiva muenzaniso zvinodhura. Kuwedzera inokosha yakatarwa iyi zvaida rwokutenga floppy controller uye Zvifambiso pachavo. Competitors iyi kumashure akatarira zvakawanda zvinovimbisa.

Kunyange zvakadaro, kuti kambani vakaedza nokuparura vanoverengeka mienzaniso uye musha vanozvishandisa. Mumwe wavo, ainzi IBM PCjr aiva pakati 25 yakaipisisa kombiyuta namano. Asi kugadzirwa muenzaniso uyu nokukurumidza kwakaregwa.

Pana IBM, yezvebhizimisi chidimbu rave dzinozivikanwa kunzwa kukuru, kusanganisira ari oga musika kombiyuta. Izvi zvakabatsira nemupristi muchiso kuziva, kufunga yokutengesa. kubudirira Zvakaguma kwaita IBM PC / XT michina uye IBM PC / AT.

Wokutanga Laptop

Pasinei kutanga zvakatoipa nemafungiro pachavo nemakombiyuta, hofori akamanikidzwa kufunga nezvazvo. Chokutanga, hazvina zvakakanganisa zvikuru kubudirira IBM PC. Pakazosvika nzira, Semi-negore okutengesa zano yokutanga pachavo kombiyuta yakaitwa mumazuva asingasviki 30.

Somugumisiro, kambani vakasarudza kuramba kusika chiduku kombiyuta. Zvakaguma muenzaniso 68 dzinotevedzana 5155, iyo inobudisa zvikamu makore maviri, kubva pakutanga 1984-ndipo. Papera chinguva, nyika akaona nebhuku rokunyorera kubva IBM. Vakava muenzaniso Convertible.

IBM Convertible wokutanga tablet pamusoro Sale mangwanani 1986 uye, pasinei pfupi mwero nokurondedzerwa, yakabereka kusvikira 1991. Pakati zvakagadzirwa kuti mudziyo waiva wokutanga PC kubva hofori repamutemo riri akashongedzerwa ane 3.5 "floppy tikachirega.

makore 90

Pakazosvika 90 gore fung pamusoro hofori vesangano kuti nokukurumidza kurasikirwa chinzvimbo PC pamusika, asi kwenguva refu akaramba kusunungura itsva yemashoko mira uye Mobile makombiyuta.

Chokutanga, muna 1990, IBM akatanga pamusoro pamusika pakombiyuta itsva neitsva mapurani uye asingaenderani Hardware uye Software chikamu yapfuura chizvarwa.

The kombiyuta itsva nokugamuchira ano mashoko bhazi, uye vazhinji zvakamisa hurongwa vakachinja nenzira kuti makambani madiki vatambe kubva Asia aitenge nokuda zviripo uye kutyora zvikonzero. Asi akitekicha rakakundikana. Kunyange zvazvo vamwe zvakagadzirwa yaishandiswa hrs izvi, yakatora nguva refu zvakakwana, Somuenzaniso, connectors kuti kiibhodhi uye mbeva PS / 2 pacho rinoshandiswa kunyange michina ano.

Panguva iyoyowo, kambani yakabereka nhevedzano makombiyuta kuti inowirirana rudzi rapfuura yainzi PS / 1, uye gare gare - Aptiva.

Rakanga yokupedzisira pachavo makombiyuta zvinoberekwa "Big Blue". Pakazosvika 1996-1997, kugadzirwa michina iyi musika chidimbu yave kushoma.

2000s uye yokupedzisira kushaya kubva PC pamusika

IBM ane, pasinei kumira kukura uye kugadzirwa mira hrs rakaramba kubereka uye kutengesa kwazvo muna mukabhuku pamusika. Vamwe vanoshandisa vakatorwa vakaramba kutenda makombiyuta IBM mitemo inoshandiswa.

Muna 2004, kuti Corporation vakagamuchira Chisarudzo Chakaoma, somugumisiro yose basa mukugadzira pachavo makombiyuta uye Laptops vakatengesa Chinese kambani Lenovo. The kambani pachayo rinonyatsotarira munhu zvikuru kuti hofori Server pamusika, uye anotsigira mabasa. Zvishoma Papera, IBM vakatengesa uye dzimwe dzakabatana izvo kuchiwana nahwo PC kugadzirwa, somuenzaniso, mubasa kugadzirwa dzakaoma disks Department akauya pasi kudzorwa HITACHI.

The kare IBM chakaita kuti kambani vaunganidza huru ruzivo pakasikwa kombiyuta Hardware uye software. Nhasi, pasinei kushaya kubva PC pamusika, kambani ine simba rokuchinja kukura indasitiri.