The nechepakati kugadzira chikwata - musoro

Kushanda chero kombiyuta inopiwa ne mudziyo mumwe diki (chip), iro rinozivikanwa sezvo musimboti kugadzira chimwe. Izvi nesilicon substrate pamwe rakachengetedzwa pamusoro payo akaturikidzana ane STRUCTURAL zvinhu: ane svomhu pfungwa chikwata (date kubudiswa), kudzorwa mudziyo (kuona hurongwa murayiro kuurayiwa), zvinyorwa zvenhoroondo (kuchengeta mashoko), womukati cache ndangariro (nokuti kuwedzera exchange pamwe woshanda ndangariro), dzomunyika bhazi (nokuti kupararira mashoko pakati dzichipfekeka vezvikwata zviri processor), etc.

CPU, kana panzvimbo yayo wachi maitikiro anosarudza kumhanya yose yezvinhu. Anopa wachi kakawanda yaunonyanya kushandisa, i.e. kusachinja-chinja vakaparadzana inoperera mukati processor wechiito uye nemhiri. Modern processors oga makombiyuta, zvinoita iri shoma gigahertz (GHz), izvo zvinoreva kuti anokwanisa kuita multi-mabhiriyoni zvokutanga mashandiro por wechipiri. Uyewo kune dzinokosha zvechadenga processor ndivo zvishoma, dzomunyika Vhoriyamu cache ndangariro, nhamba nuclei nechimwe.

Kugovera aida chokupika kombiyuta zviri kutanga zvakakodzera kusarudza CPU nomazvo. Funga mudziyo ichi zvakadzama. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana processors womukati mapurani Somuenzaniso, emit conveyor uye superscalar processors. Wokutanga kuwedzera negoho kuburikidza kuparadzana muitiro paakaranga mirayiro iri yoga nzendo, sezvamakaropafadzwa processor panguva kurongedza zvikwata akawanda panguva mumatanho siyana. The zvakawanda Mapaipi nzendo panguva yepamusoro wachi mwero uye, naizvozvovo, yauinayo. Asi chete mukati chikonzero.

Supreskalyarnye processors kushandisa akawanda cores anogona parallelize chirongwa Implementation chepurogiramu, asi kunoda Software kuti achatsemuka bumbiro remitemo kupinda vakaparadzana hova kuti inogona akaurayiwa zvakafanana. Kuvapo, semuenzaniso, cores maviri mukati processor hakuvimbisi waivako kuwedzera kaviri sezvo kwete chirongwa ose anokwanisa ive maviri aibuda wakaenzana, tisingatauri ina kana masere shinda.

The CPU ainzi saka nokuti mukuru kadambari mudziyo iri kombiyuta, asi kwete chete. Kunze zviri hurongwa controllers akasiyana mano uye interfaces, uye processors kuti mavhidhiyo kubudiswa, ekuteerera, etc.

Pakutanga kombiyuta agamuchirwa uye akasika kungotaurwa somunhu midziyo nokuda kadambari, saka CPU ndiye "mutoro" nokuti pezvakaitwa zvose munyika: chiyamuro mashoko kubudiswa (kwemasvomhu transformations), kuti goho ruzivo. Zvino vanozvishandisa vanonyanya aenderane dzimwe mhando mashoko, akadai wenyaya, Graphics, video, inzwi. Naizvozvo, kuti CPU zvishoma nezvishoma vakarasikirwa Comprehensive mapazi ose simba, raiva iye chete, uye taigovana basa nevamwe kadambari namano.