Inishuwarenzi Medical - chii ichi? Health Insurance Fund

The Urongwa uhwu zvoutano chinhu chimwe chinokosha uye chinokosha wegadziriro evanhu kudzivirira vagari. Pose mugari, chero ari mamiriro ake emari, kuwana dzakatsarukana kurapwa pamusoro panowanikwa nezvimwewo zvinhu.

Kukura inishuwarenzi utano indasitiri

musika The inishuwarenzi chinhu chinokosha pamusoro zvoupfumi, uye kukura pamusika ukama kunoda kuumba pamusika zvipfuwo inishuwarenzi achiita zvaidiwa dzakawanda zvinodiwa nemitemo. kudzivirirwa Social vomuUmambo havagoni kuva zvishomanana kana kusarudza, saka kwayo zvachose urongwa zvinoda zviremera kuti tiite zvose yenhengo dzayo.

inishuwarenzi Kwokuzvidira utano hapana anosara. Nekuti nhasi mumwe mugari ndiyo chete nzira kuwana yakakwana azvipire rwakakwana kurapwa. Kukura inishuwarenzi utano indasitiri panguva ino anorega zvikonzero, inova huru zvinoderedza paruzhinji utano mari, yechinyakare zvinhu chawo, kushaya mishonga, wevanotungamirira kukura zviratidzo munyika uye mwero vagari 'chirwere uye nevamwe vakawanda. Nhasi, kune dzose yakawanda kuzvipokanidza uye matambudziko munzvimbo inishuwarenzi utano, izvo zvinoda mberi pakudzidza.

kururamiswa inishuwarenzi

The pamwero nemari zveutano mu Russia hakusi chaizvo zvakakwana, inokanganisa upenyu vagari uye unhu kurapwa. Low mari vanachiremba uye aakadanidzira yepamutemo rubatso rubatsiro vakasununguka utano zvekutepfenyura, hazvina urombo asina anokurudzirwa kupa runodiwa nokurapwa. Saka, muna zveutano indasitiri nhasi wei yokugutsikana iri richiratidzwa anoyamura Mipiro zvisingafanoonekwi pamutemo nyoro uye. Saka, mugove voruzhinji zvekushandisa mune zvachose zvekushandisa pamusoro mushonga mu Russia ndiyo chete anenge 56%, asi munyika - EU nhengo inoti - vanenge 76%. Zvakawanda zviri mari inodikanwa mari mari vokuparidzira, ukuwo vamwe (anenge 4%) muRussia (kumativi 40%) - zvokuzvidira zvokurapa inishuwarenzi uye rubatsiro omutsa.

inishuwarenzi Medical - ndiye oga inishuwarenzi indasitiri. Voitakura muna 2 chikuru siyana: yokuzvidira uye zvairayirwa. Maererano nemitemo, nokuzvidira inishuwarenzi inotevera mhando: wezvokurapa inishuwarenzi ( utano nguva dzose), inishuwarenzi zvokurapa mari uye inishuwarenzi utano. Health Insurance Act ari zvachose inodzorwa.

Tichifunga kuti kuwedzera pachena mari yacho zvoutano indasitiri ndiyo matambudziko nokuda akaoma zvoupfumi ezvinhu munyika, unofanira kuwana dzimwe nzira yokuunza mari mukati indasitiri. In kusavapo fanira muchimiro utano inishuwarenzi yokuzvidira anogona kugadzirisa vakawanda matambudziko.

Kuongororwa musika inishuwarenzi

Health inishuwarenzi - ichi evanhu kuitika, saka kudiwa ichi mhando inishuwarenzi riri kukura pakati yevagari ose gore. The pamwero vachibhadhara LCA zvibvumirano, mumwe icho chinokonzera ndiko kuwedzera wepagore muna kwenhamba akagadzirisa inishuwarenzi anoti.

Kuongororwa musika inishuwarenzi tibvunze kuti nharo pamusoro kurasikirwa LCA kuti ruzhinji vatungamiriri inishuwarenzi. Specificity kuti inishuwarenzi sezvo rudzi bhizimisi basa nokuti kuti zvikuru kwemari nokuda dzakananga mhando inishuwarenzi ndiyo kambani yeinishuwarenzi, chikuru mukana mukuru runoenzanirana inishuwarenzi premiums kuwedzera sezvo zveminda vachikura zvakaenzanirana pamwe nokubatira inishuwarenzi.

It akanyora kuwedzera vachibhadhara 2013 mambure inishuwarenzi utano inishuwarenzi rukuru nokuda 34,2% zvichienzaniswa negore ra2011. Net inishuwarenzi premiums inishuwarenzi utano kana urwere uyewo zvinoodza kuwedzera - ne vanenge hafu. Asi vakawanda pane zvakawandisa inishuwarenzi premiums pamusoro vachibhadhara, inova yakanaka pfungwa mabasa makambani inishuwarenzi.

Pakati zvikonzero kurasikirwa indasitiri akadana Kuwedzera kwenhamba mutengi zvikumbiro vabatsirwe yokurapa nokuda Kushatiswa unhu utano, vagari kukwegura, vachirayira vatengi, kusakwana kuratidza mabasa, kushandiswa mune zvoupfumi sakodzera tariffs, murombo sangano basa kuti kugarwa zvokurwadza, akaderera mutengi-dzidziso pamusoro paruzhinji zvokurapa uye prophylactic masangano, inflated mari bhizimisi, incl .. basa yechikoro kubva vanozoshanda inishuwarenzi - vatengesi zvekushandisa LCA.

inishuwarenzi yokuzvidira

Today akaumba ronga chivakwa mumunda utano inishuwarenzi yokuzvidira muRussia. The nemamiriro wechipfuwo musika LCA zvinosanganisira mamiriro miviri pokudzora mabasa inishuwarenzi, inishuwarenzi shamwari private, makambani inishuwarenzi, nevaichinja inishuwarenzi, zvokurapa, basa Assistance uye vatengi.

Sezvinoratidzwa migumisiro tsvakurudzo, zvinokosha kushora kukura utano inishuwarenzi yokuzvidira ndiko kushaya mutero incentives, nokuti boka, zvimwe izvo kubhadhara 41% vachibhadhara inishuwarenzi, kubhadhara zvavo pashure mutero kubva mambure purofiti. Izvi zvinoenda Pasina mutero makomborero, yekudyidzana DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA muitiro detenizatsii utano mabasa.

Kana hurukuro zvichidhura utano inishuwarenzi nokuzvidira administrative uye panhongonya mari, hunyambiri-kushandiswa, mari chokuita urongwa mabasa, uyewo mushure kugarwa matambudziko chokuita vakatsunga kusanganiswa uwandu mari yakadaro kuti mutero nhau nguva, unogona kuwedzera kunaka utano mabasa, izvo achapa kusunda yakanaka detenizatsii mumunda utano mabasa uye kuwedzera zveminda veko uye mamiriro zvemari.

Inishuwarenzi ive chinhu evanhu kudzivirira vagari

Tsika inishuwarenzi youtano kunotungamirira pakugumisa kuti vaanotonga havasi incentives zvoupfumi nokuti insurers - kuvandudzika noutano hwavo; nokuti sangano zvokurapa - kupa runodiwa nokurapwa. Naizvozvo zvakafanira kuti kushandisa mashandiro kuti dzishande nyaya kubudikidza pakatanga purogiramu inishuwarenzi utano. Zvichava zvinokurudzira insurers kuvandudza uye kuwedzera unhu unhu utano hwavo, kudzivirira kudzikira kwaro, regai kusika anodiwa ngozi yavo utano.

inishuwarenzi Medical - ane chinhu emamiriro evanhu kudzivirira vagari, izvo chinopa muripo varwere mari dzekurapwa. Uyewo, inishuwarenzi utano zvokuzvidira iri kuwedzera fanira inopikira uye kubhadhara nokurapwa. mubvunzo hurukuro rondedzera matambudziko kuwedzera mutoro pamusoro mubayiro Fund, anodzora zvokurapa inishuwarenzi, inishuwarenzi kuti inoitwa mamwe makopi nezvimwe mabasa.

Insurance muna Kishi

Zvinokonzerwa utano inishuwarenzi sezvo pasocial kudzivirira Kufananidzira akanga achiparidza zvakawanda zvose wokumwe uye Russian masayendisiti - nezvoupfumi uye vanoita. Rinokosha kubudirira munzvimbo iyi zvakabetsera kukura hwaro evanhu kudzivirira vagari kunyanya kukura Conceptual midziyo uye pakatanga hunobatsira matanho yokungotaura.

Zvisinei, mubvunzo unoramba Urongwa zvokurapa kubatsira vagari wehurumende yedu, uyo wakaenda Kishi kunyika, uye nyika vamwe Kishi nyika, akasvika muRussia imwe nguva. Difficult mamiriro ezvoupfumi kuti vari yo transformational upfumi, achikurudzira vanhu kazhinji kuenda kunze kwenyika, kunyanya Kishi munyika. Close zveupfumi, ushamwari uye ukama hwemhuri chinhu chinoita kuti parwendo.

Zvisinei, ngozi dzoutano hwevanhu, hapana nguva dzose, pasinei nokuti vari tourist rwendo tikiti (kana inishuwarenzi kunodiwa), kana tisingatungamirirwi. Kudiwa okurapwa vomuUmambo vasina gwaro rakadaro, sezvo inishuwarenzi utano mutemo, kunoratidza dambudziko dzavasinei nadzo mari. Ndiko kuti kurapwa vokune dzimwe nyika zvizvarwa zvichakurukurwa kubhadharwa? MuRussia, Somuenzaniso, pane inishuwarenzi choutano rokumanikidzirwa, maererano izvo mishonga chete vagari Russian anopiwa mahara. Akadaro ezvinhu aripo pakati Belarus. Saka, pane dambudziko zvikurukuru kudzivirirwa vagari Russian muna Kishi munyika, izvo asati kugadzirisa kana yokungotaura zvepamusoro, kana tsika.

Inishuwarenzi kusiya iri pedyo kunze

Kwokuzvidira utano inishuwarenzi muna Russian Federation inoramba ichiwedzera, kuratidza kuziva vagari kudiwa kudzivirira utano. Gore negore chinokosha nhamba yevanhu vanoenda runoenzanirana nguva kunze. Kuwanda vashanyi vaifamba kwose kuri kuwedzera ose gore.

Panguva nzendo pane mukana kuti vagari Russian anogona vanozviwana vari mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma (chirwere, kukuvara, uye zvichingodaro. D.). Kugadzirisa nyaya idzi zvinoda zivei Somuenzaniso, apo kuti awane inishuwarenzi youtano, zvichakupedzerai panguva iyoyo zvinhu mari. Zvisinei, somunhu mutemo, vaya vanoenda kune imwe nyika kuti hama kana shamwari, hativimbi kuti vachirwara, uye ivo vachava dzinounzwa mari inodiwa kuti kurapwa (pane inertia mafungiro, kana mishonga muSoviet Union akanga akasununguka).

Dzimwe nguva, rubatsiro rwekuchipatara anogona kuva kukurumidzirwa (kana gupa nokuruma, nemavhairasi zvirwere, kukuvara uye zvakafanana. D.). Analysis acho ezvinhu rinopa chikonzero wokuburitsa kuti urongwa zvokurapa kubatsira vagari Russia rinoitwa kuti muripo weUS dzimwe anoti. Uyewo, vatorwa pamusoro munharaunda Russia aiva mukana wokugamuchira mishonga mahara. Kuti vave nechokwadi munzanga kudzivirira vagari pakuparwa noutano kunze vanokokwa kushandisa mutyairi wendege chirongwa (pamwe zvinoshanda mitemo urongwa) musumo pamusoro contractual nemhaka yeutano inishuwarenzi rokumanikidzirwa kuburikidza Health Insurance Bureau pakati Kishi nyika uye Russia.

Card akaenda kunze kwenyika

Kana muchinge Muganhu motokari yavo, Tsika ongororazvaunoisa inishuwarenzi utano. Kana uri parwendo nendege, chitima kana bhazi, tikiti mutengo kunofanira kusanganisira muripo inishuwarenzi. The aronga fanira utano kadhi akaenda kunze kwenyika kuchaita kuti kufukidza zvose zvichidhura kurapwa (inpatient, outpatient), kutenga zvigadzirwa, urapwe, zvokufambisa, nezvifambiso amburenzi, uye kana rufu - kuti kudzorerwa muviri wemufi kumba nyika.

Rokumanikidzirwa zvokurapa kadhi kwemakungwa kufamba achava rinoshanda nomumwe yeboka kunyika chirongwa. Izvi inishuwarenzi utano anogona wakabudiswa kwenguva mazuva 90. Card akaenda kunze kwenyika vanofanira kuva akajeka zvakafanana chimiro, izvo zvichaita kusangana pamusoro vose chirongwa vechikamu. inishuwarenzi Health haagoni kuva zana muzana zvinovimbisa pabutiro kurapwa mari kunze kwenyika. Nokuti inishuwarenzi anoti hadzirishandisi:

• Mabatirwo zvepfungwa;
• kurapwa zvirwere, kukuvara anokonzerwa ipa zviito;
• akuvara vachingotya doro kana zvinodhaka;
• purasitiki pokuvhiyiwa, kunze kana vachida nokuda zvinokuvadza;
• mazino hanya, kunze kana munhu kwazvo ndichinzwa zino;
• mishonga yezvirwere chokuita AIDS uye venereal zvirwere;
• Mabatirwo pehama uye pedyo shamwari insured, ari kugara mairi;
• akuvara ari kuedza kuzviuraya;
• Implementation pamuviri, kunze zviitiko apo nayo angavatsugudusa upenyu mukadzi;
• kuitisa Diagnostics nokuti chikumbiro insurer wacho;
• kunorapwa spas uye zvakawanda.

Medical Insurance Bureau

Health Insurance Bureau (SMEs) - ndiro chete sangano masangano inishuwarenzi munyika. sangano iri anogona kuva imwe nhamba shamwari uye azere nhengo, dzinoita inishuwarenzi vezvokurapa chevatariri kwose. Kureva kuti, nhengo Nde zvimiso mukana kuita kwakadai inishuwarenzi. Nhengo Bureau vanekodzero kuverenga muna inishuwarenzi utano inishuwarenzi youtano shoma Fund "kadhi Vanosungirwa zvokurapa akaenda kunze kwenyika." The Bureau, zvichaita kupa nenguva uye Qualitative kugarwa rweinishuwarenzi maruramiro pasi zvibvumirano izvi. utano inishuwarenzi The zvose nhengo SME uchagona kuita mari nenguva Fund murwere vachida kurapwa kunze, ichipa nokurapwa, kudzorerwa vanhu kudzimba dzavo chiitiko rufu. Medical Insurance Bureau achaita somunhu sangano asiri zvisingabatsiri.

Chebasa iri "Rokumanikidzwa zvokurapa chinyorwa akaenda kunze kwenyika" inopa:

1) pokugadzwa National Health Insurance Bureau, kuti rinoumbwa insurers zvose kuita utano inishuwarenzi rokumanikidzirwa pokufamba kwose;

2) rokumanikidzirwa utano inishuwarenzi vanhu kuyambuka mamiriro Muganhu yavo kushanyira Kishi nyika kuti imwe nguva (mazuva 90);

3) kuvapo yakakodzera zvemitemo yemibvunzo musi Health Insurance, izvo anoita basa insurers munharaunda iyi.

mari Health inishuwarenzi of Russian Federation

Fanira Health Insurance Fund akasikwa mari vagari Russian mari zvoutano. Rokumanikidzirwa zvokurapa inishuwarenzi - chinhu chinokosha mugove National Inishuwarenzi.

The chikuru zvinangwa mari:

• nokuti kudzorwa ouchenjeri chekubuda mari;
• kubhadhara zvakanangwa zvirongwa.

Mari Fund ndiye zvinotevera mipiro:

• utano inishuwarenzi kubva hurumende bhajeti;
• Mipiro akaitwa;
• Kushandiswa pfupi vakasununguka mari yacho Fund.

The chikuru mabasa ose Federal Fund pamusoro Chi zvinosanganisira:

• mari wemishonga;
• kuunganidza mari;
• zveutano - Implementation pamusoro batana zvirongwa.

Miganhu Tsika utano inishuwarenzi rokumanikidzirwa anopa zvakananga mari kwezvokurapa masangano. Inishuwarenzi nomupiro zvazvingava yakaenzana 3,6% pachinhu avarage mubairo. Inishuwarenzi premiums mu rokumanikidzirwa inishuwarenzi utano Fund chokuita mari. Kubhadhara yezvokurapa, munzanga uye mudyandigere mari inonzi vabatana munzanga mutero.

Key zvinhu

Kubva pane zvataurwa, zvinokwanisika kuziva huru zvinoita kuti utano inishuwarenzi yacho iri ano ezvinhu nokushanda kwenhengo musika inishuwarenzi:

• Kusagadzikana kwezvemari munyika, iyo inoita kuti vanhu vanoita zvemari mari chete pachena zvataida.
• mitemo kukwana (somuenzaniso, ichi zvinoratidzwa pasina mutero incentives).
• Kuwedzera okutengesa Vhoriyamu uye kukosha mishonga.
• Kuwedzera evanhu basa bhizimisi inishuwarenzi (kuwedzera mugove boka inishuwarenzi revashandi pamusoro VHI epaTV haikwani kudzivisa mushandirwi muripo kwezvokurapa mari).
• Most monopolization pamusoro nokurapwa musika anoita zvokurapa masangano kuwedzera kukosha uye uwandu mabasa inopiwa.
• tsika Low inishuwarenzi vemunyika.

Kuti muchidimbu, tinogona kutaura kuti tarisiro kukura inishuwarenzi youtano, kusanganisira yokuzvidira mhando, anonyaradza. Mugove LCA ari pamusika inishuwarenzi iri kuwedzera, insurers vanovakurudzira basa LCA, vari kuva zvemakwikwi, kuwedzera vanhu kufarira kwakadai inishuwarenzi uye zvakadai pfungwa.