Kale: tsananguro, zvinoitwa kurimwa, mhando, mapikicha

Mukupera kwematsutso, kana minda maturo, uye uswa panzvimbo pamafuro zvinooneka kwakapera, unogona kuona rabha manune uye matsva zvirimwa. kale ichi, izvo haatyi chando. In yezwi yechando zvokudya chirimwa achibvumira kuti zvipfuwo kwenguva refu sezvinobvira kupa girini inosimbisa mhosva dzavo. Kale kwazvo kwazvo mombe, mbudzi, tsuro nedzimwe mhuka pamuitiro.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Europe akataura huru muto chirimwa kwenguva yakareba. The kutaurwa kutanga kuwira mabhuku echiGiriki uye Roman yekare. tsika nemagariro ari zvishoma nezvishoma vakaparadzirwa kubva kumahombekombe nyika dzokuEurope munyika. Shanduro iyi zviitiko inobva ndechokuti mhando dzakawanda dzomusango makabheji anowanikwa chete pamahombekombe Europe, muna Asia havasi.

The Russian kale zvakaitika muzana remakore rechi18. Zvisinei, hazvina kukura chaizvo. Izvi tsika kwenguva yakareba regai midzi munyika yedu, nokuti vanhu havana kuziva kuti muduku mubhizimisi kundibhadhara zvawo nguva zhinji, uye basa unhu mhuka vanodzirurira. Pari, tsika rapera kwete chete kuRussia asiwo muminda Ukraine, Moldova, Azerbaijan, Estonia, uye zvichingodaro. Uyezve, marudzi akasiyana-siyana vakaenda mhiri kwemakungwa uye kukura zvakanaka America, Africa, New Zealand uye Australia, kunge dzakashandisa veko okunze.

General Description tsika

Kale, ane zita anotaura pacharo, haruna kushandiswa salads. mashizha ngaashaiwe chakaoma kuti. Izvi muriwo cruciferous pamusoro makabheji mhuri, iyo inoratidza kuti kusavapo wakakwana misoro. In zvedzidzo yeChina, mhando chinozivikanwa pasi zita Brassica subspontanea Lizg.

Nokuti biennial tsika muchinjikwa-pollination kunoratidzwa gobvu tsvimbo mapazi mudzi thickening chokumusoro chikamu. Chirimwa tote gobvu Stumpy (stebleplod), ayo dhayamita kunogona kusvika 5 cm. The hunde angava cylindrical kana chokurukisa kuumbwa. kukwirira ake - kubva 35 kusvika 200 masendimita Cabbage anosiya nembira serin'i kana ovate-oblong .. Vane guru uye broadly. Pane vaviri dzinongoitika mhando, izvo zvisingapindirani ukuru curl they uye ruvara nemashizha:

1. Scotland - akaita crimped rakamonana mashizha vari vachena uswa ruvara.
2. Siberian - zvishoma rakamonana, mashizha ari rinokwanisa kucheneruka-girini ruvara.

Vose akasiyana shizha petioles refu stebleplod nechepasi uye pamusoro - truncated.

Flowering, michero kale

Kale maruva pagore upenyu rechipiri. Itsvo, izvo achaenda maruva mabukira, iri axils ose stebleplod. Flowering muchadya kumusoro (160 cm), mapazi, mashizha mashoma. Inflorescence kale simba anongoremberera bhurasho. Kureba anenge 80 cm.

Mushure maruva, pod sokuti mvere cylindrical chimiro. Ndicho chibereko kale. Inside ndivo kumeso woita mbeu, izvo zvinosiyana ruvara kubva yebhuruu-vachena kuti dema.

Sei kukura kale?

Nyatsoteerera kuti kale anomira kana chete nokuti anobvumira kushandiswa zvakasvibirira chikafu mhuka kunyange pashure matsutso frosts. Asi kwete kuti zvose unhu anobatsira retsika. Kale akasiyana muviri. Rine vazhinji chicherwa munyu uye mavhitaminzi. Kana kushandiswa somunhu paShiro, kuti inosimbisa ndiyo inenge 18% mapuroteni, vanopfuura 15% mapuroteni, 3.4% mafuta uye vanopfuura 46% senitrogen isina extractives.

1 kg mashizha uremu ikoko 100 MG vhitamini C uye MG anopfuura 42 vhitamini A. Rinewo phosphorus, calcium nesarufa inoita kale Mishonga chigadzirwa zvipfuwo. Mhuka uye yehuku tine kudya silage kubva mutsika. Rinofembedza zvakanaka, nyore kugaya, uye nemhaka mukuru padanho mapuroteni uye carotene, nokukurumidza zvinodiridza.

Zvinofadza kuti kale havazotadzi ehupfumi ayo kunyange pashure kuoma nechando. Thawed mashizha anoramba kwakavharwa nenyama uye asingauyi kurasikirwa ruvara uye munuhwi. Mhuka regai disclaim thawed zvakasvibirira zvokudya, izvo zvinoderedza nguva yechando dzichifura. Mune dzimwe European nyika mashizha kale artificially kuomeswa uye zvakachengetwa muchimiro mapuroteni mupfumi akaoma zvokudya.

The mapazi ose zvokudya chirimwa

Varimi Vazhinji vari kushamisika kuti uzvibate siyana okunze dzinodengenyeka of kale? Photos kukudziridzwa minda vakawana kubva kumatunhu inotonhora (Murmansk, Novosibirsk), uye kubva kumaodzanyemba kumatunhu nyika yedu. Zvichienderana mamiriro ekunze uye unodiridza zvikamu chirimwa goho Ingasiyana kubva 300 kusvika 950 matani muzana biomass 1 hectare. The kubudirira nzvimbo goho rinosvika 1,500 quintals yakasvibirira guru pa 1 hectare.

Kunyatsogona okurima michina

Russian State Register (2006) unosanganisira siyana Rinokosha uye akawanda Dutch VaNefirimu (Redbor uye Reflex). Achiisa tsika akasuma ari inosimbisa kana miriwo chirimwa rotations. Kale akadyara pashure bhinzi uye zviyo. Sechinhu chokupedzisira, mushure uswa. Dzimwe nguva pane vokutanga Precursors nemiriwo, chero bedzi zvirimwa zvavo akapfura hapana paya pane June. Panyaya iyi, panguva yechipiri yezana tsika zhizha ane nguva yokuumba goho rakanaka. Pane imwe nguva kale chirimwa ose 3-4 makore.

kukura kale

Rabha kuti kurima tsika pasi nhatu:

1. Bezrassadnoj nzira yavanofanira kale (mbeu) vakadyarwa zvakananga muvhu.
2. Seedling kurimwa kana ivhu iri kubva kuna nemaruva kuti 30-40-zuva-kare zvirimwa. Mizambiringa yakabva kumwe panguva kumhara akaumba 4-5 mashizha.
3. Private nzira, iyo yakatanga muna Leningrad mudunhu. Muchiitiko chino, shandisa ivhu yakachena kana zvikuru anobudirira herbicide. Seeding rinoitwa vanhuwo nzira, rive dete haisi akaita. Thickened zvirimwa zvazvinoita paumbwe stebleplod. Ari pano phytomass kunowedzera chikamu mashizha.

Nonseedlings nzira: zvinhu

Bezrassadnoj kutanga kuwedzera mangwanani yechirimo. The ivhu pasi mbeu rinogadzirirwa, rakaparadza ndokukungurutsa pasi. Nokuti ivhu chakasimwa zvinhu akashandisa muriwo plants. Isai shirokorjadnyj rokudyara. Spacing -. 70 cm pana 1 M seeded kubva 1.5 4 makirogiramu mbeu. seeding udzamu - 3 cm.

A Mazuva mashoma pashure kudyara, ambopinda, kana zvinoda kuparadzwa ivhu goko mapadza. Kana mizambiringa yakabva kumwe akabata tichisakura miforo pemitsara. Ekupedzisira kupatsanurwa kuti kukura mwaka yose kusvikira 4 nguva. Pamwe chete ichi senitrogen muchangosangana kuitwa. Rinogona kushandiswa kukohwa zvadzinofura vakohwi pasina kukuya midziyo. Akabvisa goho kubva August kuburikidza December (zvichienderana rokudyara nguva).

Seedling nzira: zvinhu

Seedling nzira yaikura kale kunogona kuwedzera zvibereko zvakasvibirira guru. Transplanting pasi rinoitwa munguva iyoyo sezvo kudyara mbeu. nzira iyi kunosvika nguva chirimwa kukura, iyo inotungamira vawedzere zvadzinofura zvibereko.

Mizambiringa yakabva kumwe akura nzira inotonhora (mu unheated nemaruva). Shandisa tepi uye vanhuwo nzira kudyara. Kana kuumbwa 1-2 mashizha, vaduku zvinomera thinned. Panguva padariro 2-3 kunosiya kuita dzichifura. On munda, mizambiringa yakabva kumwe inowira pa 4-5 kuwedzerwa mashizha.

Kudyara mizambiringa yakabva kumwe tinoita pashure muchirimo rokudyara zviyo. Shirokorjadnyj akashandisa nzira chete mberi nokudzoka shure 70 CM kure pakati zvinomera mumutsetse - .. Up kusvika 40 masendimita Kana ivhu rinorema, ipapo mizambiringa yakabva kumwe Vakasimwa pamusoro anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri.

Papera vhiki kumhara nzvimbo izere nokurwisa vari panhengo. Munguva kukura mwaka tsika nemagariro zvinoda 3-4 interrow kugadzira. First - kusunungura pedyo 8 akatevera masendimita yakadzika, - 12-15 cm.

Kukohwa rinotanga pashure kumira chirimwa kukura. Yaiitika sezvo zvakafanira, mune dzimwe nzvimbo ruchatambanudzirwa kusvikira December.

Inonyanya kufarirwa akasiyana kale

In muindasitiri pamwero zvinotevera mhando Kale rapera muna Russia, Vologda Brain mutema, funga mutema Siverskaya, Chiuru, pedyo Moscow, Polar, Rinokosha.

In Suburban nzvimbo kale rapera kwete zvokudya, asiwo kushongedza. Dachniki jira kazhinji vakasarudzwa curled Redbor chemasanganiswa F1. Chirimwa ane palmovidnuyu chimiro uye rakanaka burgundy Ruvara mashizha.

Sezvo zvakanaka munzvimbo chinopukunyuka Reflex chemasanganiswa F1. Rinogona kushandiswa kwete chete kuti ashongedze nzvimbo, asi salads. Chirimwa ane runako rakamonana mashizha vari zvacheneruka zvakasvibirira.

For varimi duku chikuru chinangwa anoramba makabheji Rinokosha aft. Kunoitawo kuti tiwane kufadza zvibereko zvakasvibirira guru pasina kushandisa zvinodhura tsika zvokurima. Kana tsika zvinopa dzose hanya, chikuru goho ndeyechokwadi.