Klein Bhodhoro: chii

Geometric chinhu, akazonzi "Klein bhodhoro", yakatanga kurondedzerwa muna 1882 maererano yemasvomhu wokuGermany Feliksom Kleynom. Chii? chinhu ichi (kana kupfuura zvazviri, ari geometric uye topological pamusoro) panongova hakusi-dimensional matatu nyika yedu. Vose mhando zviri kutengeswa muna chipo zvitoro, vane tarirai, asi anopa zvishoma pfungwa pamusoro chii ari Klein bhodhoro. Nokuti mukuru zvijeke, anorondedzerwa sezvizvi: fungidzira nehombodo ine mutsipa refu kwazvo. Zvadaro mupfungwa kuiita makomba maviri: mumwe parusvingo, uye wechipiri nechepasi. Zvadaro Vanokunga pamutsipa, dzinoisa akaukandira pakakoromoka parusvingo uye kunze kuburikidza goho buri pasi. The zvichiguma chinhu uye fungidziro ari chinhu vachava zvina-dimensional nzvimbo, iyo chaiyo Klein bhodhoro, mune ichi -dimensional matatu nzvimbo.

Klein Bhodhoro tsananguro mutauro kwemasvomhu mashoko uye Masvomhu haazorambi kutaura kune nonprofessional. Vazhinji achagutsa tsanangudzo iyi: Klein bhodhoro - iri orientable zhinji (kana pamusoro) kuva nhamba zvivako. Pashure shoko "pfuma" unogona kuvaka dzakatevedzana refu ina trigonometric mashandiro, nhamba, uye nechiGiriki uye tsamba Roman. Asi unogona chete kuvhiringidza untrained munhu, makagamuchira pfungwa chii fungidziro pakati hombodo ari-dimensional matatu nzvimbo.

Interesting chokwadi: The zita "Klein bhodhoro", chinhu ichi chaiva zvichida nokuda kutadza kana misspelling muturikiri. Chokwadi chokuti Klein, akatsunga kushandisa shoko Fläche, kureva, "pose" muna German. Mu "rwendo" kubva kuGermany kune dzimwe nyika shoko kuva zvakafanana Flasche achinyora (bhodhoro). Ipapo izwi akadzokera kunyika mavambo ari mutsva, dzakachinjwa chimiro, hungu uye akaramba saka nokusingaperi.

Vemifananidzo zhinji (kunyanya renyaya vanyori) akazviratidza kukwezva rokuti "Klein bhodhoro". kushandiswa kwaro sezvo chizenga, uye dzimwe nguva huru "chiso" raiva chiratidzo "njere" yokunyepera. Kwakadaro, somuenzaniso, nyaya "The Last Illusionist", kuva kunyorwa Bruce Elliot. In nyaya n'anga kuti mutevedzeri rinopwanya pamwe anorichengeta wake, uyo akaita zvakapesana ane mana-dimensional Klein bhodhoro. Nhongai bhotoro illusionist uye chinoramba hafu anyatsofukidzwa mariri. Maererano munyori, Mudziyo uyu harungaputswi pasina kukuvadza zviri. Saka kana zviri zvechokwadi - hapana anogona kutaura. Kanenge masvomhu, izvo chingagona kupindura mubvunzo uyu, hazvina musoro, zviri hachibatsiri nesayenzi.

Apo neapo dzakagadzirirwa mabhodhoro Klein kuti promotional zvinangwa mumwoyo waini. Zvisinei, kuti nehombodo yakadaro zvazviri kuoma girazi, ichi zvinoda pamusoro-kirasi girazi blower. Saka, zviri zvinodhura zvikuru uye rinoshandiswa Kazhinji. A kuidzwa mabikirwo uye kugadzirwa kugadzirwa Bhodhoro akadaro kuerera hazvina musoro, nokuti zvaida basa nzira rokuzadza mabhodhoro mura (pano, zvakare, pane kuoma). Uye kunzwa strangeness uye utsva achakurumidza kuribvisa kuzvuzvungudza netsaona waini kubva nehomo magirazi ewaini.