Kubvuma Cave Monastery (Bakhchisarai)

Cave yemamongi Crimea dzaimbova zvikuru. Vazhinji vavo vakaparadzwa panguva nechisimba Golden Horde. Asi vamwe temberi zvakavezwa mudombo vachiri kuramba kukuvara. Izvi zvinosanganisira uye kubvuma bako yemamongi, riri pedo Bakhchisarai mu rokumupata Maryam Dar. The nzvimbo iri, pasinei nokuti munhu yainamatirwa wechiKristu, kunamatwa uyewo nevaMuslim. Dar Maryam muchiRussia zvinoreva neMhandara Maria.

Shanduro mavambo

The hafu rokutanga XVI mu. - ichi ndiyo nguva apo akatanga kuvaka guta Bakhchisarai. Holy kubvuma bako yemamongi rakaumbwa ipapa. Zvinosuruvarisa pamusoro ndiani yakavakwa kuCrimea kujairika netemberi dzakadaro zvichiri zvechokwadi, hapana anoziva. Pakupera kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, zvave kuti hacked Byzantine mamongi avo ikonopochitateli kutiza nepahasha Kesari Leo III uye Constantine V panguva hondo zvidhori. Zvisinei, vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika havatsigiri shanduro iyi. Chokwadi chokuti mapurani zviri mubako-temberi hatibvumiri tifunge navo akasikwa Byzantine mamongi. In seboka kuwadzana dormitories tsika achangopfuura yaisanganisira. Munguva Crimean kereke pane akawandisa masero nomumwe.

Munguva iyi yekuti kuvakwa padombo zvivako zviri Crimea vachiri simba ezvitendero dzechihedheni. Uyezve, chiJudha kwakapararira rakagamuchirwa sezvo chitendero neHurumende ari Khazar Khaganate. Saka kuvaka temberi izvi Munhu.

Legends temberi

The kuvakwa Chokwadi kujairika - kubvuma Cave Monastery (Bakhchisarai). Zvandakatanga Kuziva evashanyi, kutonga nezvinooneka wongororo, kubva kwaari anongoti zvisingakanganwiki. About pakuvaka kubvuma bako wemamongi pane ngano dzakawanda. Imwe ngano inoti kuti kamwe pamusoro nguva munzvimbo idzi akashata nyoka, kudyiwa nevanhu nemhuka. Waneta kwakanyanyisa ake vanhuwo zvavo akatanga kunyengetera nomwoyo wose Virgin Mary kununurwa. Kamwe vanhu makaona paruware unopfuta kenduru uye akaenda kwaari. On kuruware vaona mufananidzo Our Lady, uye nhema pedyo akafa nyoka.

Imwe ngano rinotiudza kuti rimwe zuva ari nzvimbo mufananidzo wemhandara Mariya yakawanikwa. Discover ayo murimi mudiki akaenda naye pasi - mumusha macho. Zvisinei, mangwanani chifananidzo akazviratidza zvakare pamusoro chete panzvimbo. Zvinonzi vaiona zviratidzo utemewo panzvimbo iyo mubako chechi.

Maererano nengano wechitatu pakukurukurirana kuzvimbirwa. Mary Byzantine mamongi vakanga kamwe akatungamirira mufananidzo Amai vaMwari. Saizvozvo rakapiwa uye nzvimbo apo kuvaka rechitendero kunzwisisa.

Yemamongi VIII-XVIII emakore.

Kana tikatora sepokutangira nokufungidzira kuti Byzantine mamongi, akavamba kubvuma nebako yemamongi rakanga anenge ari VIII BC. Zvichitevera vafundisi akauya Crimea, akarara vaGiriki, uyewo vakatiza vateveri vake iconoclasts. Zvinofungirwa kuti mubako netemberi refu vakashumira nzvimbo yavo huru yokunamatira.

Munguva nechisimba Golden Horde dzakawanda temberi zvakaparadzwa. Kubvuma bako yemamongi hwaponeswa kubva kumugumo XV remakore. Yakava nguva yakagara Crimean Metropolitan. Imwe yacho huru dzinoyera akanga kunoshamisa mufananidzo Amai vaMwari, airemekedzwa kwete Orthodox, asiwo vaMuslim. tsars Russian rinoshandurwa rutsigiro zvizere wemamongi.

Kubvuma bako mutemberi XVIII-XIX emakore

Kusvikira XVIII remakore. Saka, bako yemamongi raibudirira. Zvose zvakachinja pashure eRussia vakatora muCrimea. By zvarayirwa Empress Catherine II, Metropolitan, pamwe chete nevaKristu kugarazve Russia, muGungwa Azov, dzakavamba guta Mariupol. Cave temberi yakasiyiwa.

Zvisinei, muna 1850, kubudikidza Mutongo Revafundisi, wemamongi yakanga kuzodzosera akazarurwa. Asi zvinosuwisa kamwe mumabhatiri mabhuku mairi uye zvisaririra vakanga zvachose akarasika. It achiri kuzivikanwa - kana mamongi avo kana makavanda kutorwa. Zvichida dzinoyera dzakawanda dzakanga nyore kuparadzwa. Pashure pezvose, kunyange Pamifananidzo pamasvingo wemamongi vakanga ngaarayire.

Panguva yakakurumbira kudzivirira Sevastopol pamadziro webako zvakaoma yaiva chipatara mukuru. Vakafa vakavigwa pasi yavakakuvadzwa - pamberi wemamongi. Officers akaitira akakurumbira chiremba Pirogov.

Yomukatikati, akaramba ari wemamongi

"Historical Overview", iyo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zvisaririra wemamongi - In 1908, gwaro chaiyo ndokukweverwazve kumusoro. Saka, nzvimbo yavo pamberi chimurenga kubvuma bako yemamongi (Crimea)? Information uyu gwaro mazita ari sezvinotevera:

• Icon kureba kubvuma 1 mamita 3.5 nemainji uye wakafara makubhiti 11.5 nemainji sirivha chasuble. mufananidzo uyu anonzi chishamiso. VaKristu vakawanda vakagamuchira kubva icon anoporesa.

• A kopi kunoshamisa mufananidzo Amai Mwari Kiev Caves. mufananidzo uyu kumamwe wemamongi kubudikidza Metropolitan Filaret. mufananidzo uyu asati zvakaitwa musi August 15, zvose-usiku makarinda.

• The mufananidzo Muponesi pamwe 84 dzakasiyana ipfungwa tsvene. mufananidzo uyu akatumwa kubva Korsun Amai vaMwari wemamonk.

• A kopi Icon of Amai vaMwari "Panagia". Ndiwo uyu nzira, maererano nengano, chakaziviswa kamwe paruware. Kutonga nezvinooneka description, icon akaiswa nguo sirivha uye yakashongedzwa maparera nematombo anokosha.

• Kuyambuka naKristu, zvakaitwa mhando nhatu huni: Pevko, nemisipiresi uye emisidhari. On musana wake wakanga chinyorwa kuti "kutumira Old Russian Athos pazuva kuvhura muna 1850".

• Kupendwa zvakananga padombo, pamusoro nzvimbo Chiitiko kuti "Panagia" mufananidzo Mhandara. Asati kuvake ichi achaipisa unopfuta rambi.

Padombo chaizvo mumazuva iwayo akanga akagurwa masero 16. Mumwe maviri akaiswa nechepasi. A rwenze pane ichi chakaita manera akavezwa mudombo iri pachikuva 84. Kuwedzera masero, yakanga yakavakwa nechepasi ane dzimba mbiri-weDanho nokuda mamongi, iyo abbot weimba uye kicheni ine bhekari.

Munguva Soviet,

Zvinotambudza Orthodoxy, yakatanga muna 1917, hazvina vanobatwawo nokufungidzira bako wemamongi. Temberi yakanga dzichapambwa zvachose. Monks zvakare vapfurwa. Pakupedzisira wemamongi yakavharwa muna 1921. Munguva WWII hondo mumapako izvi, sezvo kamwe pamusoro nguva, izvozvo dzichengeterwe kuchipatara vakakuvadzwa. Masoja Soviet akafa, uyewo tsarist vehondo panguva kudzivirira Sevastopol, akavigwa nechepasi - pedyo wemamongi pachayo. Pashure pehondo, chikoro chepfungwa chebhodhin'i vakavhura pano.

kupora

Muna 1993, nebako wemamongi adzoka vatendi. Pari zvino pane chinoshanda wemamonk. Vafundisi vane temberi uye akavaka chapero mumugwagwa. Recovery zvaida upfumi. Vapristi kunyange vakaramba kutora mari basa. Kubvira ipapo, chechi yeko hakuchina prices. Rubhabhatidzo, mariro, Minyengetero, okugadza dzimba uye zvichingodaro. Vapristi yemamongi varume ano ndiko mahara.

Holy kubvuma Cave Monastery (Bakhchisarai, muCrimea): rondedzero zvakaoma

Dzimba dzakawanda yekare wemamongi ndiyo chechi mubako kubvuma uye abbot reimba. Kwete kare, rakanga yaizodzorerwa dombo kukereke St. Mark. Uyezve, basa rokuvakazve aparadza temberi yokukurukurirana. Helena uye Constantine. zvinenge chinhu mubereko Somuenzaniso, nokuti kuziva vashanyi haana rachengetedzwa mukereke pachavo. All zvisaririra vakanga zvinosuruvarisa kuparadzwa panguva yaitonga Soviet Union. The shoma mifananidzo asara akatamira miziyamu muna Mariupol. Zvisinei, makopi zvakaitwa mamongi kamwe yakashongedzwa mubako temberi zvifananidzo. Patsva akanga kunyange huru wemamongi aimbova temberi - mufananidzo Our Lady of kubvuma.

Akavezerapo Holy kubvuma bako yemamongi Crimea zvakananga rusvingo varefu, zvishoma yakabudikira nguvo. Chinhu chinoshamisa zvikuru kuona. Kubva Mahwindo mumachechi rock-akavezwa yevedza maonero Makomo Crimean. Kune rimwe divi rokumupata kanopi kunosvika kucheka muzvitokisi ayo uye pedyo makamuri.

Asangana dzinonakidza vashanyire kukwezvwa anogona kuva chivako chine nhurikidzwa mbiri imwe chakasakara umo akararama pamberi chimurenga kuuya wemamongi vafambi. Parutivi pake, zvisaririra ane yokugara yekare Salancik uye dzimba tanga Crimean Tatars pamusoro XVI remakore.

Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zvakaoma inoratidza antiikki mukuru kumakuva uye pamakuva nemasoja Soviet.

Kudzokera ikoko

vashanyi vakawanda vanouya kuna Crimea, zvichida vangada kushanyira kubvuma bako wemamongi. Bakhchisarai - guta iro nyore nzira unokwanisa kuwana pairi. Kuti aite izvi, unofanira kugara pasi nemakombi kana tekisi, achibva chitima kana chemabhazi. Kubva chemabhazi ikamuka inenge kiromita kuburikidza rokumupata. Dzinodzengerera nepamawere rikapinda chechi iri pachena zvinoonekwa kure. Vamwe vashanyi vasvike wemamongi Bakhchisarai uye kufamba. Muchiitiko chino, unofanira kuenda kubva pakutanga dzomumusha Rosa Luxemburg kubudikidza yekare chechi Tahtali Cami.

Nearby zvinokwezva

Kuwedzera kubvuma Cave wemamonk, muCrimea vashanyi kazhinji tishanyire akaiswa zvishoma pamusoro mubako guta Calais. The yokupedzisira rakaumbwa zvimwe kuMiddle Ages uye vakashumira sokudzivirira zvinhu panguva pamuganhu Byzantine Empire. Zvinosuruvarisa, panguva ino, vakawanda guta riri dongo. Between nokufungidzira Monastery uye Calais ndiyo iri Turkish kumakuva Mansour Gaza. Riri mune unyengeri dondo. Kuvigwa kumakuva ndezvemunguva XV-XIX emakore. Vazhinji tombstones yakavezwa kubva omunharaunda reraimu. Akavigwa kumakuva ndivo vainyanya varwi vakanga akadzivirira guta panguva vachirwisa. Uye Mutsvene kubvuma bako wemamongi Calais vakarondedzera World Heritage nzvimbo uye vanobatanidzwa UNESCO pasi.