Kunwa kunyoreswa kwemvura: GOST, SanPiN, purogiramu yekudzora kunaka

Water - ndicho chinhu, pasina iro hwaizodai kuti chidzoke upenyu Panyika. Womunhu, sezvinoita zvose zvipenyu zvose, haagoni kurarama pasina mvura inopa upenyu, nekuti pasina hazvishandi, hapana sero mumuviri. Naizvozvo, kunyatsoongorora kwemvura yokunwa kunokosha basa chero mafungiro nezvoutano hwavo uye hurefu remunhu.

Sei mvura

Water Body - rokuti kukosha kwokutevera mhepo wechipiri. Hazvina aripo mumasero zvose, nhengo uye nyama dzomuviri. It kugonyesa mapfupa edu, moistens yeziso uye mucous membranes, chinobatanidzwa thermoregulation, zvinobatsira kupinza zvinovaka muviri uye basa anoratidza, zvinobatsira mwoyo uye ropa midziyo, anowedzera muviri kuzvidzivirira uye anobatsira kurwisa kuneta uye kuzvidya mwoyo, anodzora muviri.

Pazuva aingovawo munhu anofanira kunwa maviri matatu litres mvura yakachena. Ndiyo shoma tikavimba izvo kuti tigare zvakanaka uye utano.

Kurarama uye kushanda pasi mhepo-vakaumbwa pasi, yakaoma uye havaratidzi ventilated nharaunda, zvakawanda vanhu kumativi, kushandisa murombo-yepamusoro zvokudya, kofi, tii, doro, kurovedza muviri - izvi zvose zvinotungamirira kupera mvura mumuviri uye inoda okuwedzera mvura.

Nyore kufungidzira kuti kukosha iyi mvura muupenyu anofanira kuva akakodzera ehupfumi. Ndezvipi unhu mitemo mvura yokunwa muRussia nhasi uye kuti pane chaizvoizvo kuti muviri wedu? On ichi akazotevera.

mvura yakachena uye utano hwevanhu

Zvechokwadi, munhu wose anoziva kuti mvura tinoshandisa kunge chaizvo akachena. Utachiona inokwanisa kukonzera zvinotyisa zvirwere zvakadai:

• Korera.
• Nemanyoka.
• Sefivha.
• Hookworm.
• Jaundice.
• Fivhiri.
• Brucellosis.
• Various parasitic noutachiona.

Kwete kare, zvirwere izvi simba utano uye chakauraya mumisha yose. Asi nhasi, mvura unhu zvinodiwa kubvumira kutidzivirira zvose pathogenic utachiona uye utachiona. Asi kunze tusingaoneki nemvura kunogona ine zvakawanda zvinhu periodic table, izvo pamwe dzose kunwa yakawanda inogona kukonzera zvinetso zvakakomba zvoutano.

Funga zvimwe zvinhu zvine maatomu akafanana zvine ngozi

• Zvakawandisa simbi mumvura kunokonzera neutachiona uye chirwere cheitsvo.
• A guru manganese kugutsikana - mutation.
• Kana yakakwirira kwevari chlorides uye sulfates zvinochengetwa hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka mune nemudumbu.
• The zvakawandisa magnesium uye calcium yakawanda zviri mumvura rinopa Yaunoti Rigidity uye anoita yemajoini uye lithiasis kwevanhu (itsvo, Urinary uye nenduru bladders).
• The fluorine tigutsikane pamusoro chakaipa siyana kunotungamirira nezvinetso zvakakura mazino uye kunanzvana mhango.
• Rehydrogen sulfide, kutungamirira, Arsenic - zvose chepfu yeimwe kuti zvipenyu zvose.
• Uranus pamatunhu mishonga radioactive.
• Cadmium zvinoparadza uropi chinokosha zinc.
• Aluminum kunokonzera chiropa uye chirwere cheitsvo, kupererwa neropa, nezvinetso tsinga, colitis.

Pane kwakakomba ngozi kwazvo dzemunharaunda SanPiN. Kunwa mvura yakazara namakemikari nguva kushandiswa (refu-refu) anogona kukonzera chirwere kudhaka, zvichiguma kukura chambotaurwa nezvacho zvirwere. Usakanganwa kuti taita zvakaipa Urume kunogona kukuvadza kwete chete nokuda ingestion asiwo akanyatsonzwisisa kuburikidza ganda panguva kurapwa mvura (achitora kugeza, kugeza, kushambira mudziva).

Saka, tinonzwisisa kuti zvicherwa, makro-uye micronutrients, izvo zviri zviduku zvakawanda chete kutiunzira tibatsirwe, doro kunogona kukonzera zvakakomba uye dzimwe nguva kuita irreparable yokutyora yose muviri.

Key zviratidzo (mitemo) Quality mvura yokunwa

• Organoleptic ehupfumi - ruvara, kuravidza, kunhuwidza, ruvara, pachena.
• Toxicological - kuvapo inokuvadza makemikari (phenols, Arsenic, mishonga yokuuraya zvipembenene, aruminiyamu, kutungamirira, uye vamwe).
• Zviratidzi chokuita ehupfumi mvura - kuomarara, ph, kuvapo mafuta, simbi nitrate, manganese, potassium, sulfide nezvakadaro.
• Huwandu yasara pashure processing makemikari - kuiisa chlorine, sirivha, chloroform.

Nhasi zvinodiwa mvura unhu kuRussia vari kuomesa chaizvo nokudzorwa utsanana mitemo uye dzemunharaunda SanPiN rakapfupikiswa. Kunwa mvura inoyerera kubva pombi, maererano magwaro pamutemo, zvinofanira kuva zvakachena kuti rinogona ipere pasina kutya kuti utano hwavo. Asi munyama chose, chaizvoizvo wakachengeteka, yakajeka uye kunyange kubatsira kunogona kunzi chete panguva pavaipfuura kurapwa zvivako. Uyezve, achipfuura yakare, kazhinji ora uye vanopfeka mvura network, haisi zvakazara tusingaoneki zvinobatsira mineralize uye kunyange ngozi makemikoro (kutungamirira, mekuri, simbi, chromium, Arsenic).

Apo tora mvura maindasitiri kuchenesa

• Reservoirs (Makungwa nenzizi).
• Underground zvinyorwa (boreholes, matsime).
• Rain uye meltwater.
• mvura Desalinated iri wakawanda.
• The mvura kubva icebergs.

Sei mvura kwakasvibiswa

Kune mabhuku akawanda zvinosvibisa mvura ,

• Municipal kunouraya.
• Communal tsvina.
• Industrial effluents.
• Plums nemaindasitiri.

Water: Standard (romuzvarirwo)

kuti nyere mvura zvinodiwa muRussia dziri nokudzorwa dzemunharaunda ose SanPiN 2.1.1074-01 uye GOST. Hezvino zvimwe anokosha zviratidzo.

NeHurumende mvura yepamusoro

Unhu kudzora purogiramu mvura yokunwa unosanganisira dzose pakusarudza pombi yemvura ivhu uye kwazvo vaedzwa pamusoro Counts zvose. Kuwanda inspections kunobva vanhu vakashumira:

• Asingasviki 10 000 vanhu - kaviri pamwedzi.
• 10 000-20 000 vanhu - kagumi pamwedzi.
• 20 000-50 000 vanhu - matatu nguva mwedzi.
• 50 000-100 000 vanhu - kazana pamwedzi.
• Uyezve, zvimwe cheki ose 5000 vanhu.

Mvura mumatsime uye boreholes

Kakawanda, vanhu vanotenda kuti mvura inobva mumatsime uye zvitubu nani pane pombi yemvura uye rakanakira mvura. Chokwadi ichi hachisi chokwadi. Zvakabudiswa mvura hwatingawana yakadaro inenge nguva dzose zvinoratidza unsuitability raro pakumwa kunyange muchimiro Kubika kuvapo emadhaka ngozi uye utachiona, zvakadai:

• Organic yeimwe - kabhoni tetrachloride, acrylamide, vinyl chloride nezvimwe munyu ..
• Inorganic yeimwe - nemirayiro zvakawandisa zingi, kutungamirira, nickel.
• Microbiological - E. coli utachiona.
• Heavy simbi.
• Mishonga yezvipembenene.

Kudzivisa zvinetso zvoutano, mvura inobva mumatsime zvose uye matsime zvinofanira kuongororwa kanenge kaviri pagore. Ungangove, pashure zvakabudiswa, kuenzanisa migumisiro nemitemo nokunwa mvura yepamusoro achafanira kuisa mira Sefa gadziriro uye kunatsurudza tichivashanyira. Nekuti dzinongoitika mvura dzichichinja uye yoku-, uye zviri nouipi mairi chichavawo kusanduka nenguva.

How kuedza mvura pachako

Nhasi ari kutengeswa kune kuwanda anokosha mano kumba kuidzwa zvimwe zviratidzo yokuzvininipisa mvura. Asi pane ndiyewo nyore uye nyore vose nzira:

• Pakusarudza kuvapo munyu uye netsvina. Imwe Donhwe remvura anofanira kutevedzerwa kuchenesa girazi uye kumirira kusvikira yaoma. Kana pashure kuti girazi haizorambi kurambana, saka mvura inogona kunzi akachena zvakakwana.
• We kuona kuvapo utachiona / tusingaoneki / makemikari / Organic zvinhu. Zvakakodzera kuzadza-fő matatu chemvura, pakavha uye kusiya munzvimbo ine rima kwemazuva 2-3. Green Dombo pamasvingo kuchaita kuratidza kuvapo zvigare, emadhaka nechepasi mabhanga - kuvapo mamwe makemikari zvinhu pamusoro pemvura firimu - anokuvadza makemikari.
• mvura potability rubatsiro kuona zvatinosiita bvunzo ine mhinduro kuti potassium permanganate. About 100 ml akagadzirira simba mhinduro kuti potassium permanganate inofanira kudirwa girazi remvura. Mvura inofanira kuva raita mumvuri. Kana mumvuri yachinja kuva yero - mvura iyi rakundwa nomuromo haisi inokurudzirwa.

Chokwadi, izvi musha bvunzo havagoni kutsiva uwane kuongorora uye zvinoratidza kuti mvura asangana mamiriro mitemo. Asi kana pasina nzira pfupi kuti sezvo mwando rabhoritari nzira, zvakakodzera kushandisa zvinenge akadaro nezvechisarudzo.

Kupi uye sei unogona kutora mvura ongororo

Dzemunharaunda pamusoro kwemvura yokunwa mumwe munhu anogona zvino kudzora zvavo. Kana pane fungidziro kuti mvura kubva pombi hakurevi kundosangana pamutemo zvinodiwa, zvinokosha zvakaitika yavo mvura ivhu. Uyezve, Zvinokurudzirwa kuita 2-3 pagore, kana munhu anoshandisa mvura kubva mutsime, tsime kana yechirimo. Where kuenda? Izvi zvinogona kuitwa kwematunhu utsanana uye epidemiological chiteshi (inge) kana mutero murabhoritari.

Kutora Kuongororwa kwemvura ivhu vachapiwa dzinoongororwa nokuda toxicological, organoleptic, zvemakemikari uye microbiological parameters maererano kwakajairika nemitemo. Maererano migumisiro nemiedzo vanhuwo rabhoritari anozivisa dzinoenda kuisa mamwe filtration enyika.

Home firita hurongwa

Sei tiine unhu mvura yokunwa maererano nemitemo? Chii chingaitwa kuti bracer yagara chemhando yepamusoro?

The chete nzira yokubuda - yokuisa mira firita hurongwa.

Pane filters muchimiro hari, mokugezera pamusoro kondo uye pakombiyuta mabhokisi - vose pakubhadhara aya yakakodzera chete pakutanga zvakanaka kwemvura kubva pombi. More chakakomba uye simba filters (pasi singi, mira, emadhaka) vanonyanya inowanzoshandiswa nokuda wokunatswa mvura vanotambudzika dzoga, mudzimba Suburban, Eenhede establishments.

The yakanakisisa nokure vanoonekwa chaiwo filters pamwe neizvi osmosis hurongwa. Kwakadaro chikwata chokutanga zana muzana Unochenura mvura kubva zvose netsvina, mabhakitiriya, mavhairasi, uye ipapo kuzodzosera mineralizes zvicherwa ayo. Kushandiswa kwemvura yakanaka kudaro anogona kumisa ropa kuparadzirwa uye kugaya, uye kunyange unokubvumira tichengetedze kutenga yomumabhodhoro mvura.

Zvakadini kana pasina firita

Tose kubva pauduku vakajaira kunwa yakabikwa mvura. Chokwadi, chinozadzwa kubvisa inokuvadza Micro-zvinenge, asi pashure kubika kunogona kunyanya utano:

• Munyu pasi reflux precipitate.
• Okisijeni akarasika.
• Chloro panguva dzokubikira, nokuumba muchetura akakura.
• Rimwe zuva pashure pokunge kufashaira mvura inova maberekero pasi zvose zvamarudzi mabhakitiriya.

Sezvo vimbiso kuchengeteka mvura kubva pombi, hapana anogona, uye Sefa asi, kubva tusingaoneki zvichiripo kubvisa pasina kukundikana. Yeuka mamwe mitemo "anobatsira" Kubika:

• Usati ubike mvura, ngazviitwe kumira kwemaawa 2-3. Panguva ino yakawanda kuiisa chlorine kuti ipfungaire.
• Kudzima muhadyana pakarepo shure mamota. Muchiitiko chino, vakawanda zvisaririra zvinhu kuti kuramba, uye mavhairasi uye bacteria nguva yokufa.
• Never chitoro yakabikwa mvura kwemaawa anopfuura 24.